This work describes cohesion policy on three levels: cohesion policy of EU, of Czech republic and of North-East cohesion region. The first chapter is about cohesion policy in EU. It contains information about legal and programming documents and about development of cohesion policy. The second chapter describes cohesion policy in the Czech republic. It deals with documents, programs and authorities. The third chapter is about cohesion policy in the North-East cohesion region. It characterizes situation in the region, operational programs and concrete projects.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de trois ordres. Premièrement, elle vise à examiner la responsabilité municipale à travers le prisme d’une analyse institutionnelle afin de démontrer que les municipalités ne possèdent aucune protection constitutionnelle en vertu de la séparation des pouvoirs et qu’elles peuvent uniquement bénéficier d’une immunité liée à leurs fonctions législatives déléguées, ce qui implique l’exclusion de toute immunité institutionnelle. Deuxièmement, cette thèse vise à analyser l’évolution jurisprudentielle de l’immunité afin de démontrer que la notion de politique publique (policy) qui fonde l’immunité n’a pas de contenu substantiel inhérent et qu’il faut ainsi privilégier une définition formelle reposant sur un processus décisionnel. Troisièmement, cette thèse proposera une nouvelle conception de l’immunité, soit celle "d’immunité proportionnelle variable". Ainsi, contrairement à l’immunité traditionnelle dont l’application est uniforme, cette nouvelle conception permettrait de lever partiellement l’immunité à l’égard de certaines personnes vulnérables et de la faire varier proportionnellement en fonction des effets préjudiciables que pourrait avoir une décision politique sur les droits de ces personnes vulnérables. / This thesis has three objectives. The first one is to examine the liability of municipalities trough an institutional analysis in order to demonstrate that municipalities have no constitutional protection under the separation of powers but rather only enjoy an immunity related to their delegated legislative functions, which implies that they do not have any institutional immunity. The second objective of this thesis is to analyze the evolution of the case law regarding immunity in order to demonstrate that the notion of policy, which is the basis for immunity, has no inherent substantive content. Therefore, we believe that a formal definition of immunity based on a decisional process should be favored. Finally, this thesis will suggest a new concept of immunity that we call "variable proportional immunity". Thus, unlike traditional immunity, which is applied uniformly, pursuant to this new concept, immunity could be partially waived in favour of certain vulnerable people proportionally to the injurious impact that could result from a policy decision on these vulnerable people’s rights.

The aim of this dissertation is to look for possibilities how to improve the situation in the labour market. The theoretical part focuses significantly on the functioning of individual tools of an active employment policy and also on a use of funds from the European Union{\crq}s Structural Funds in particular by means of the European Social Fund. The main aim of the practical part of my dissertation is a characteristic of the labour market in Jindřichův Hradec region. A use of tools of an active employment policy and EU funds applied in this policy, specifically the Operational Program ``Human Resources Development{\crqq} is dealt here with.

The master thesis is focused on analysis of the main requirements in order to acquire financial resources from the Operational program for business and innovation. It forms actions necessary for successful project control. The thesis aim is to provide complex overview of the facts considerable for successful resources delivery from the Operational program for business and innovation.

This thesis outlines the development of EU regional policy, its main principles and instruments through which it provides the member states with financial help. A key financial tool of this thesis is European social fund whose sphere of action in current programming period 2007-2013 is examined in both Slovak and Czech republic. The practical part of this thesis is especially devoted to two operational programmes Employment and social inclusion and Human resources and Employment. The first practical chapter focuses on comparison of their priority axes, horizontal priorities and multi- objective focus. The goal of the second practical chapter is to analyze financial implementation of both mentioned operational programmes.

This thesis explains the reasons of the establishment and development of the European Union's policy for economic and social cohesion, the topics it tries to solve, and instruments through which it provides the member states the financial help. Because, as it can be seen from the caption of this thesis, I describe two operational programmes -- Operational Programme Development of Human Resources and Operational Programme Education for Competitiveness, I concentrate on the European Social Fund, as it is the source of the financial help in the Czech Republic for these two operational programmes. That is why this thesis also pays attention to the application of the structural policy in the Czech Republic with the emphasis on the area of education. It introduces the crucial documents needed to be approved as long as we want to receive money from the EU and it deals with the two operational programmes and its coherence. In the last part of this thesis the weaknesses and strenghts of the implementation of those operational programmes are highlighted.