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<p><font face="TimesNewRomanPSMT"> <p align="left">The aim of this study was to investigate the color stability of two provisional restorative materials used in crown and bridge cases upon exposure to different tea staining solutions and to evaluate the effectiveness of a polishing technique in removing the tea stains from the stained provisional restorative materials.</p> </font></p>

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In this study, the new predictive model for the micro-grinding process was developed by consolidating mechanical and thermal effects within the single grit interaction model at microscale material removal. The size effect of micro-machining was also included in the proposed model. In order to assess thermal effects, the heat partition ratio was experimentally calibrated and compared with the prediction of the Hahn model. Then, on the basis of this predictive model, a comparison between experimental data and analytical predictions was conducted in view of the overall micro-grinding forces in the x and y directions. Although there are deviations in the predicted micro-grinding forces at low depths of cut, these differences are reduced as the depth of cut increases. On the other hand, the optimization of micro machine tools was performed on the basis of the proposed design strategy. Individual mathematical modeling of key parameters such as volumetric error, machine working space, and static, thermal, and dynamic stiffness were conducted and supplemented with experimental analysis using a hammer impact test. These computations yield the optimal size of miniaturized machine tools with the technical information of other parameters.

This project is a fundamental proof of concept to look at the feasibility of using field activated abrasive particles to achieve material removal on a substrate. There are a few different goals for this project. The first goal is to prove through visualization that particle movement can be influenced and controlled by changes in electric field. The second goal is to fundamentally prove that particles controlled by electric field can remove material from a substrate. Third, it should be shown that changes in electric field can control the amount of material being removed in a given amount of time. A mathematical model will be presented which predicts metallic material removal rates based on changes in electric field strength. In this project, a technique combining concepts from electrokinetics, electrochemical mechanical planarization, and contact mechanics is proposed, aiming at enhancing planarization performance. By introducing an AC electric field with a DC offset, we try to achieve not only a better control of metallic material removal but also more flexible manipulation of the dynamic behaviour of abrasive particles. The presence of electric field will lead to electrokinetic phenomena including electroosmotic flow of an electrolyte solution and electrophoretic motion of abrasive particles. As a result, we aim to improve both the mechanical performance of planarization that is largely determined by the polishing parameters (e.g. down pressure, rotation speed, pads, and types of abrasives) and the chemical performance of planarization that is governed by selective and collective reactions of different chemical ingrediants of the slurry with the sample surface. The aim is also to understand and improve the interactions of abrasive particles with the sample.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Hons)) -- University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 2000. / "Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Engineering (Hons), School of Mechatronic, Computer & Electrical Engineering, University of Western Sydney, Nepean" Bibliography : leaves 129-141.

Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. / Committee Chair: Danyluk, Steven; Committee Member: Butler, David; Committee Member: Hesketh, Peter; Committee Member: Yoda, Minami. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 253-255).

Orientador: Sillas Luiz Lordello Duarte Júnior / Banca: Patrícia Petromilli Nordi Sasso Garcia / Banca: Victor Humberto Orbegoso Flores / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de instrumentos de acabamento e técnicas de polimento sobre a rugosidade superficial de resinas compostas e comparar ao esmalte humano íntegro, através do Microscópio de Força Atômica (MFA). Superfícies planas de face vestibular de quatro incisivos centrais superiores humanos hígidos foram usadas para análise da rugosidade superficial do esmalte. Resinas compostas nanoparticulada (Filtek Supreme XT, 3M ESPE), microhíbrida (Point 4, Kerr Corp.), híbrida (tetric Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent) e microparticulada (Durafill VS, Heraeus Külzer) foram avaliadas. Todas as amostras de resinas compostas foram confeccionadas sob uma tira de poliéster. Os procedimentos de acabamento superficial foram realizados com uma fresa carbide de 30 lâminas e uma ponta diamantada de 30 æm nas amostras de resinas compostas nanoparticulada e microhíbrida. Quatro técnicas de polimento (TO : Matriz de poliéster - controle: T1 : discos de óxido de alumínio; T2 : disco de feltro + pasta diamantada) foram testadas em todas as amostras de resinas compostas. Nrugosidade média superficial (Ra) foi avaliada pelo MFA no modo contato. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao Teste t de Student, á análise de variância e ao Teste de Tukey, ao nível de 5% de significância. A maior lisura superficial foi obtida com a matriz de poliéster para Filttek Supreme XT (Ra=23,63nm), Point 4 (Ra=12,84nm) e Tetric Ceram (Ra=15,20nm). Aresina Durafill VS foi menos rugosa com os discos de óxido de alumínio (Ra=43,05nm). A maior rugosidade superficial foi obtida com a ponta diamantada para Filek Supreme XT (Ra=510,55nm) e Point 4 (Ra=531,64nm), sem diferença estatisticamente significante entre elas. A rugosidade superficial do esmalte foi de 46,55 nm. Com base nestes resultados põde-se concluir que a rugosidade superficial aumentou significamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of finishing instruments and of polishing techniques on surface roughness of composite resins and to compare to intact human enamel through Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). Flat buccal surface of four caries-free human maxillary central incisors were used for the roughness analysis of enamel. Nanofiller (Filtek Supreme XT, 3M ESPE), microhubrid (Point 4, Kerr Corp.), hybrid (tetric Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent) and microfilled Durafill V.S., Heraeus Külzer) composite resins were evaluated. Mylar matrix strip was used as control group for both analyses. Finishing procedures were done with a 30-blade carbide bur and 30 æm finishing diamond ur for nanofiller and microhybrid resins. Four polishing techniques weretested (T0 : Mylar matrix - control; T1: aluminium oxide discs; T2: felt disc+ diamond paste; T3: aluminium oxide discs + felt disc + diamond paste in all composite resins. The mean roughness (Ra) was evaluaed under AFM on the contact mode. The obtained data was submitted to Studentþs t test, variance , variance analysis (ANOVA) and, Tukeyþs Test, at 5% level of significance. The smoothest surface was obtained with ylar matrix associated with Filtek Supreme XT (Ra=23,63nm), Point 4 (Ra=12,84nm) and Tetric ceram (Ra=15,20nm). Durafill VS showed the lowest roughness with aluminium oxide discs (Ra=43,05nm). The highest surface eoughness was obtained with diamond bur for Fittek Supreme XT (Ra=510,55nm) and point 4 (Ra=531,64nm), without significant difference between them. Surface roughness of enamel was of 46,55nm. Roughness increased significantly after fishing procedures. 30-blade carbide bur produced less roughness compared to extra fine diamond bur. Diamond paste also increased the roughness of composites. Aluminium oxide discs may be used as standard polishing technique for all composite resins, except for hybrid... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre