Augalų žiedadulkių sukelta alergija tampa vis daugiau žmonių paveikiančia liga visame pasaulyje. Šiame darbe pateikiama informacija apie šienligę sukeliančius augalus ir jų populiacijų kontrolei rekomenduojamas taikyti priemones yra naudinga gyventojams ar valdininkams, siekiantiems sukurti ar sutvarkyti aplinką taip, kad ji keltų minimalią riziką pasireikšti polinozėms. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti Žarėnų ir Šakynos kaimų floros alergeninį potencialą ir pievų augalų bendrijų tvarkymo priemonių tinkamumą. Darbo uždaviniai: ištirti alergeninių žolinių augalų įvairovę Žarėnų ir Šakynos kaimuose; išanalizuoti kaimuose augančių alergeninių medžių rūšinę įvairovę ir paplitimo dėsningumus; ištirti polinozę sukeliančių piktžolių sąžalynus: jų dydžius, sudarančias rūšis ir paplitimą; nustatyti kokios alergeninių augalų valdymo priemonės (būdai) taikomos tiriamuosiuose kaimuose. Atlikus tyrimą paaiškėjo, kad šienligę sukeliantys žoliniai augalai, aptikti Žarėnuose ir Šakynoje priklauso miglinių (Poaceae (R. Br.) Bernhart), astrinių (Asteraceae Dumort.), rūgtinių (Polygonaceae Juss.), dilgėlinių (Urticaceae Juss.), gyslotinių (Plantaginaceae Juss.) šeimoms. Žarėnuose šienligę sukeliančios žolinių augalų rūšys dengia vidutiniškai 53,7% gyvenvietės pievų, o Šakynoje – 28,5%. Žarėnuose žolinių augalų alergeninis potencialas yra didesnis nei Šakynoje: vidutiniškai Žarėnuose vienam hektarui tenka 3,18 šienligę sukeliančio medžio, o Šakynoje – 1,22. Žarėnų teritorijos vienam ha tenka 30 m²... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Pollen allergy is an increasingly sore problem in the whole world, as an increasing number of people suffers. It is expected that the information about hay fever-causing plants and recommended measures to take for their population control will be useful for population or officials, who are trying to develop or clean up the environment to minimise risk for human health due to pollinosis. The aim of this work is to assess the allergenic potential of flora and suitability of the management measures applied for meadows in Žarėnai and Šakyna villages. The following objectives have been chosen in this work: to examine diversity of allergenic herbs plants in the villages Žarėnai and Šakyna; to analyze tree species diversity and distribution patterns in the villages; to investigate overgrowths of weeds which can causes the pollinosis: sizes, forming species and distribution; to find out what management measures for allergenic plant used in curent research areas. Results shows that hay fever-causing plants identified in Žarėnai and Šakyna belongs to families Poaceae (R. Br.) Bernhart, Asteraceae Dumort., Polygonaceae Juss., Urticaceae Juss. and Plantaginaceae Juss. Hay fever-causing plants cover approximately 53.7% of the Žarėnai village meadows and Šakyna - 28.5%. Allergenic potential of herbal plants in Žarėnai is greater than in Šakyna: there are 3.18 hay fever-causing tree per hectare, while 1.22 - in Šakyna. On average, there are 30 m2 of overgrowth per hectare in Žarėnai area... [to full text]

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Miestų žalieji plotai – urbanizuotos gamtinės sistemos, vis labiau kelia mokslininkų ir teritorijų valdytojų susirūpinimą dėl jų alergeninio potencialo ir užterštumo invazinėmis rūšimis, kurios visokeriopai kenkia žmogui ir gamtai ir plinta iš miestų įsiliedamos į mažiau antropogenizuotas gamtines sistemas. Šiame darbe aprašyti dėsningumai ir pateikti duomenys naudingi Pakruojo miesto gyventojams ir mokslininkams. Darbo tikslas – ištirti kokie, invaziniai ir polinozes sukeliantys augalai aptinkami ir kaip jie paplitę Pakruojyje; nustatyti invazinių ir polinozes sukeliančių augalų ir jų sąžalynų paplitimo vietas; atlikti žaliųjų plotų šienavimo darbų įvertinimą Pakruojo mieste; parengti rekomendacijas, remiantis tyrimų rezultatais, kaip tvarkytis su invaziniais ir polinozes sukeliančiais augalais Pakruojo mieste. Išanalizavus invazinių augalų paplitimą Pakruojo mieste 2013 m.- paaiškėjo, jog Pakruojo mieste dažniausiai aptinkami iš Šiaurės Amerikos atkeliavę augalai: (Acer negundo L.) 64 radimvietės, (Solidago canadensis L.) 32 radimvietės, (Echinocystis lobata Mi- chx.) 11 radimviečių, (Phalacroloma septentrionale Fern. et Wieg.) 22 radimvietės, (Solidago altissima L). Atlikus lauko tyrimus paaiškėjo, jog Pakruojo mieste aptinkamos polinozes sukeliančios pievų žolių 13 atpažintų rūšių. Gausumu 80% pasižyminčios 2 rūšys: (Phalaris arundinacea L.), (Lolium perenne L.). Polinozes sukeliančių piktžolių tyrimas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Urban green areas - urban natural systems are increasingly posing scientists and land managers 'concerns about contamination of allergenic potential, and invasive species are harmful to humans and the full nature and spread of urban tunes into less anthropogenic impact on natural systems. This thesis describes the patterns and provide data useful Pakruojis residents and scientists. The aim - to explore how invasive and cause nasal plants are found and how they are distributed Pakruojyje; identify invasive plants cause nasal and sprouts prevalence ; green areas to make mowing work in assessment Pakruojis ; develop recommendations based on the research results, how to deal with invasive plants and cause nasal Pakruojis city. The analysis of the spread of invasive plants Pakruojis in 2013 years - It turned out that in Pakruojis commonly found in North American plants arrived (Lat. Acer palmatum L.) 64 original location (Lat. Solidago canadensis L.) 32 original location ( Lat. Echinocystis lobata Mi - chx .) 11 location sites ( Lat. Phalacroloma septentrionale Fern . Wiegers et.) 22 original location ( Lat. Solidago altissima L ) . After field studies showed that Pakruojis detected in nasal cause meadow grass 13 recognized species. Characterized by an abundance of 80% of the 2 species (Lat. Phalaris arundinacea L.) (Lat. Lolium perenne L.) . Nasal -causing weed survey was conducted in 2013. Pakruojo... [to full text]

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22035号 / 医博第4520号 / 新制||医||1038(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 椛島 健治, 教授 佐藤 俊哉, 教授 福原 俊一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Background: Seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis or hay fever is caused due to the sensitization to pollen allergens, usually from grasses. Lolium multiflorum (Lm) is one of the most important grass pollen allergens in Southern Brazil. Objectives: To evaluate three different pollen extraction methods and to analyze IgE, IgG1 and IgG4 responses to Lm pollen antigens in pollinosis patients. Methods: Three different Lm pollen extracts were prepared (LmPBS extract, Lme-PBS extract and LmNH4HCO3 extract) and analyzed in 13.5% SDS-PAGE. Serum samples from 62 patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma (Lm+ group), 30 patients with perennial allergy rhinitis (Lm- group) and 30 non-atopic subjects (NA) were tested for IgE reactivity to three Lm extracts by ELISA. Lm-specific IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies were also evaluated by using LmPBS extract only in ELISA. Results: By SDS-PAGE, the three extracts were very similar, showing bands ranging from 20 to 100 kDa. By ELISA-IgE, the results revealed higher IgE levels in pollinosis patients when LmPBS extract was used. LmPBS extract was chosen to evaluate the IgE, IgG1 and IgG4 responses and their levels were higher in the Lm+ patients when compared to Lm and NA groups. In the Lm+ group, IgE (EI = 17.6) levels were higher than IgG1 (EI = 2.6) and IgG4 (EI = 3.6) levels, while in other groups there were not any differences in the antibody levels. Conclusions: LmPBS extract was effective in detecting IgE, IgG1 and IgG4 responses to Lolium multiflorum pollen antigens. These antibody classes are in a higher level in pollinosis patients when compared to non-sensitized subjects. Lm allergen extracts for in vivo and in vitro using should be standardized. / Introdução: A rinite alérgica estacional ou doença polínica se deve à sensibilização aos alérgenos de pólens, geralmente de gramíneas. Lolium multiflorum (Lm) é uma gramínea com pólens de elevado potencial alergênico, sendo a principal gramínea causadora de polinose na região Sul do Brasil. Objetivos: Analisar três diferentes métodos de extração antigênica pela reatividade IgE de cada extrato e as respostas anticórpicas IgE, IgG1 e IgG4 específicas aos antígenos de pólen de Lm. Material e Métodos: Três extratos de pólen de Lm foram preparados (extratos LmPBS, Lme- PBS e LmNH4HCO3) e analisados por SDS-PAGE a 13,5%. Amostras de soro de 62 pacientes com rinite alérgica sazonal e/ou asma brônquica (grupo Lm+), 30 pacientes com rinite alérgica perene (grupo Lm-) e 30 indivíduos não-atópicos (grupo NA) foram testadas para a reatividade IgE frente aos três extratos por ELISA. Anticorpos IgG1 e IgG4 específicos a Lm foram avaliados empregando-se somente o extrato LmPBS, por ELISA. Resultados: O perfil protéico dos extratos foi muito semelhante por SDS-PAGE, apresentando bandas protéicas de 20 a100 kDa. Níveis de IgE foram maiores em pacientes com polinose ao se utilizar o extrato LmPBS. O extrato LmPBS foi utilizado para avaliar os níveis de IgE, IgG1 e IgG4, que foram maiores nos pacientes com polinose que em pacientes Lm- e indivíduos NA. No grupo Lm+, os níveis médios de IgE (IE = 17,6) foram maiores que os níveis de IgG1 (IE = 2,6) e IgG4 (IE = 3,6) (p < 0,001). Conclusões: O extrato LmPBS foi eficiente em detectar as respostas IgE, IgG1 e IgG4 a antígenos de pólen de Lm. Essas classes de anticorpos estão em níveis maiores em pacientes com polinose. Extratos antigênicos de Lm para uso in vivo e in vitro devem ser padronizados. / Mestre em Imunologia e Parasitologia Aplicadas

In this investigation of immunotherapy (IT) children 6-16 years old with rhinoconjunctivitis due to birch polli­nosis were included. I. Methodological studies. To monitor IT a reliable provocation test is desirable. The conjunctival provocation test (CPT) was evaluated in 20 children with four repeated challenges. The test was found to have a good preci­sion, it was simple and appeared to be clinically safe. After repeated tests the levels of IgE antibodies against birch increased considerably in three children, indicating an immunological response. A pollen peak affects the symptoms of an atopic individual for several days. Thus pollen counts for previous days must be taken into account when relating symptom scores with the counts. A dynamic time series model was therefore developed by which groups of atopic patients could be compared when exposed to different amounts of pollens. II: Cross-reactivity between deciduous trees during IT. Immunotherapy with pollen allergen preparations made from either birch (B) or a mixture of birch, alder and hazel (M) were compared. As measured with symptom scores the children in the M group improved at least as much as those in the B group. In the B group but not in the M group the improvement correlated with immunochemical findings before IT or early during the treatment, probably an unsignificant finding. Otherwise there was little difference between the two groups. Analysis of sera with crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis in 20 children revealed that 60% of the children below 13 years had de­veloped IgE antibodies during IT against allergens against which they had not been allergic before IT. This had no appearent clinical implications. III: Oral immunotherapy (OIT). A pilot study of 18 children treated with high doses of a birch pollen allergen preparation in enteric coated capsules and 8 untreated controls indicated that OIT was effective as shown by lower symptom scores, less conjuctival sensitivity and increased levels of IgE antibodies against birch. However, the gastrointestinal side-effects were pronounced. Therefore a second double-blind study, in 30 children, was performed reducing the side-effects through a different dose schedule. Compared with the placebo group, the ac­tively treated children had lower symptom scores (p = 0.04), reduced skin sensitivity (p = 0.01), increasing levels of IgE (p = 0.001) and IgG (p = 0.007) antibodies against birch before the birch pollen season and a suppression of the seasonal increase in levels of IgE antibodies against birch (p &lt;0.001). After three months of OIT but not after ten months they also had a lower sensitivity in CPT than the controls (p = 0.01). The intestinal permeability as assessed by the urinary recovery of differently-sized polyethyleneglycols was studied in 24 of the children during IT. No changes were seen in the group of actively treated children. In two ad­ditional children openly treated with OIT small bowel biopsies were taken with normal morphological findings. Thus OIT did not result in a generalized inflammation of the small bowel. / digitalisering@umu