Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:28:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O estudo desenvolvido nessa dissertação foi dividido em dois momentos. Na primeira parte foi apresentado a realização de uma calibração independente do sistema LIDAR Raman de vapor d\'água instalado no CLA seguindo uma metodologia desenvolvida na Howard University, baseada em uma análise cuidadosa da eficiência óptica dos componentes do sistema tendo como objetivo determinar essa eficiência e apresentar a resposta espectral do sistema. Após esse estudo, que permitiu obter um melhor entendimento da área instrumental do sistema, é apresentado, na segunda parte, uma análise preliminar das propriedades ópticas dos aerossóis na troposfera por meio da avaliação de alguns parâmetros como, por exemplo, os perfis verticais de extinção desses aerossóis, a LR e a SR, utilizando um sistema LIDAR Raman móvel desenvolvido pela Raymetrics Lidar Systems durante campanhas realizadas em alguns institutos de pesquisa no Estado de São Paulo. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP / FAPESP:08/01954-0

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:52:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tillandsia usneoides L. é uma bromélia que vive em árvores ou em outros substratos inertes, absorvendo água e nutrientes diretamente do ambiente, sem apresentar raízes. Devido às suas características morfológicas e fisiológicas, esta espécie acumula os poluentes presentes na atmosfera. No presente trabalho, Tillandsia usneoides foi usada como biomonitor de poluição atmosférica por metais em São Paulo, Brasil, que é a maior cidade da América do Sul, com uma população de cerca de 18 milhões de habitantes e uma forte atividade industrial. A área urbana é poluída por emissões industriais mas, de acordo com a Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB), a agência governamental de controle de qualidade do ar, emissões regulares de cerca de 7,8 milhões de veículos motores são a principal fonte de poluição do ar. As amostras de Tillandsia foram coletadas em um local considerado não poluído e foram expostas por períodos de dois meses em 10 locais da cidade com diferentes níveis de poluição, e em um local de controle. Após a exposição, os metais foram analisados na planta por análise por ativação com nêutrons e por ICP-MS (Pb, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Sb e V). Os resultados obtidos mostraram uma concentração notável de Co e Ni nas plantas expostas em uma área industrial, onde existe uma indústria de processamento de metal, que produz cerca de 600 ton/ano de Co e 16.000 ton/ano de Ni. Cobre e crômio se apresentaram igualmente distribuídos em regiões industriais e em locais próximos a avenidas com tráfego intenso, sugerindo que estes elementos podem ser associados tanto a fontes veiculares como industriais. O acúmulo de Cd verificado nas plantas expostas em áreas industriais indica as atividades intrópicas como a principal fonte desse elemento. Não foram identificadas fontes evidentes para o Pb, uma vez que este elemento se apresentou igualmente espalhado por todos os locais de monitoramento. Elementos ligados ao tráfego, como Zn, Ba and Sb apresentaram altas concentrações em plantas expostas em locais situados próximos a avenidas com tráfego pesado (carros, ônibus e caminhões) e podem ser associados a fontes veiculares. Para Zn, os maiores teores foram relacionados a zonas industriais, e este elemento pode ser também associado à presença de fontes de emissão antrópicas. Os elementos terras raras, Fe e Rb, provavelmente têm as partículas de solo como principal fonte. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

No description available.

Environmental factors can have a significant impact on an individual's health and well-being, and a primary characteristic of environments is air quality. Air sensing equipment is available to the public, but it is often expensive,stationary, or unusable for persons without technical expertise. The goal of this project is to develop an inexpensive and portable sensor module for public use. The system is capable of measuring temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit, heat index, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration. The sensor module, referred to as the "sniffer," consists of a printed circuit board that interconnects a carbon dioxide sensor, a temperature/humidity sensor, an Arduino microcontroller, and a Bluetooth module. The sniffer is small enough to be worn as a pendant or a belt attachment, and it is rugged enough to consistently collect and transmit data to a user's smartphone throughout their workday. The accompanying smartphone app uses Bluetooth and GPS hardware to collect data and affix samples with a time stamp and GPS coordinates. The accumulated sensor data is saved to a file on the user's phone, which is then examined on a standard computer.

<p>Osnovni cilj teze bio je razvoj nove i inovativne senzorske metode za merenje neorganskih parametara u površinskim vodama i vodama zatvorenih bazena. Kolorimetriski fiber-optički senzor (KFOS) je osposobljen za merenje pet parametara u površinskoj vodi (ortofosfata, ukupnog hlora, hroma (VI), nitrita i sulfata) i za merenje dva parametra u bazenskim vodama (rezidualnog hlora i ukupnog hlora). Pored prilagođavanja nove metode urađena je i analiza kvaliteta reke Dunav u Novom Sadu na osnovu čega su odabrani parametri za merenje sa KFOS metodom.</p> / <p>The main goal of the thesis was to develop a new and innovative sensor method for measuring inorganic parameters in surface waters and waters of indoor pools. The Colorimetric Fiber Optic Sensor (CFOS) is capable for measuring five parameters in surface water (orthophosphate, total chlorine, chromium (VI), nitrite and sulfate) and for measuring two parameters in pool water (residual chlorine and total chlorine). In addition to adjusting the new method, an analysis of the quality of the Danube River in Novi Sad was performed and based on which parameters for measuring with the KFOS method were selected.</p>

Mollusks growth is a very important and sensitive response to environmental stresses sincethey are good indicators of the available amount of contaminants in the water; reduced growth represents adverse environmental effects and possible effects on the population.Sweden has about 3,000 Natural Reserves and 28 National Parks. Kosterhavets is the first National Marine Park and it is located on the west coast of Sweden, it is also considered one of the most vulnerable areas since 6000 marine species can be found here and about200 are found nowhere else. It is not only a touristic destination; it is also a home and a work place to many people. The type of pollutants and environmental impacts that areproduced by recreation activities on marinas on such park depend very much on the amount of boats. Mytilus edulis has been widely used to monitor the biological effects of contamination by different ways, such as chemical analysis and biological responses. Themain goal of this project was to assess the status of three different marinas with high and low boat traffic and use the shell length of the blue mussel M. edulis as a potential bioindicator to detect effects from boating activities pressures. The main findings arising from this study are that the sizes of the mussels from the three areas with high boat traffic are significantly smaller than the area with little boat traffic. / <p>www.ima.kth.se</p>

In urban environments, ozone air pollution, poses significant risks to respiratory health. Fixed site monitoring is the primary method of measuring ozone concentrations for health advisories and pollutant reduction, but the spatial scale may not reflect the current population distribution or its future growth. Moreover, formal methods for the placement of ozone monitoring sites within populations potentially omit important spatial criteria, producing monitoring locations that could unintentionally underestimate the exposure burden. Although air pollution affects all people, the combination of underlying health, socioeconomic and demographic factors exacerbate the impact for socially vulnerable population groups. A need exists for assessing the spatial representativeness and data gaps of existing pollution sensor networks and to evaluate future placement strategies of additional sensors. This research also seeks to understand how air pollution monitor placement strategies may neglect social vulnerabilities and therefore, potentially underestimate exposure burdens in vulnerable populations.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:58:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T13:39:10Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T13:39:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP / FAPESP:11/00769-7

abstract: Air pollution is a serious problem in most urban areas around the world, which has a number of negative ecological and human health impacts. As a result, it's vitally important to detect and characterize air pollutants to protect the health of the urban environment and our citizens. An important early step in this process is ensuring that the air pollution monitoring network is properly designed to capture the patterns of pollution and that all social demographics in the urban population are represented. An important aspect in characterizing air pollution patterns is scale in space and time which, along with pattern and process relationships, is a key subject in the field of landscape ecology. Thus, using multiple landscape ecological methods, this dissertation research begins by characterizing and quantifying the multi-scalar patterns of ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM10) in the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan region. Results showed that pollution patterns are scale-dependent, O3 is a regionally-scaled pollutant at longer temporal scales, and PM10 is a locally-scaled pollutant with patterns sensitive to season. Next, this dissertation examines the monitoring network within Maricopa County. Using a novel multiscale indicator-based approach, the adequacy of the network was quantified by integrating inputs from various academic and government stakeholders. Furthermore, deficiencies were spatially defined and recommendations were made on how to strengthen the design of the network. A sustainability ranking system also provided new insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the network. Lastly, the study addresses the question of whether distinct social groups were experiencing inequitable exposure to pollutants - a key issue of distributive environmental injustice. A novel interdisciplinary method using multi-scalar ambient pollution data and hierarchical multiple regression models revealed environmental inequities between air pollutants and race, ethnicity, age, and socioeconomic classes. The results indicate that changing the scale of the analysis can change the equitable relationship between pollution and demographics. The scientific findings of the scale-dependent relationships among air pollution patterns, network design, and population demographics, brought to light through this study, can help policymakers make informed decisions for protecting the human health and the urban environment in the Phoenix metropolitan region and beyond. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Biology 2014