Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:54:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:09:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 12760.pdf: 9547849 bytes, checksum: 332801af390aaffe9d96d0f596a0e048 (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Orientador: Rosângela Barros Zanoni Lopes Moreno / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T09:28:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BonillaSanabria_FabianCamilo_M.pdf: 7814055 bytes, checksum: 6037ae62c4e94a0903183711290b83a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Os surfactantes são utilizados para diferentes propósitos na indústria do petróleo. As formulações de recuperação avançada utilizando surfactantes são aplicadas visando incrementar o fator de recuperação em reservatórios de óleo, tanto na etapa de recuperação secundária como na etapa terciária. Através de poços injetores, os volumes requeridos de uma solução aquosa com uma concentração definida de surfactante são introduzidos no reservatório para induzir à geração de um novo banco de óleo móvel por meio da diminuição da tensão interfacial água-óleo. Tensões interfaciais ultra baixas são obtidas e, consequentemente, o número capilar e a recuperação de óleo são incrementados. A eficiência do processo de deslocamento é influenciada por várias características das soluções de surfactantes, incluindo o comportamento de fases, a tensão interfacial, a concentração de eletrólitos em solução (salinidade) e a adsorção à superfície sólida da rocha. Assim sendo, um projeto de injeção de surfactantes deve ser planejado adequadamente para a obtenção do melhor cenário para a implementação da técnica. Este trabalho mostra um processo metodológico para identificar e avaliar formulações de surfactantes a serem aplicadas como método de recuperação química. Três surfactantes aniônicos e dois surfactantes não-iônicos foram selecionados da literatura para a análise experimental: Dodecil Sulfato de Sódio (SDS), Dodecil Sulfato de Amônio (ADS), Lauriléter Sulfato de Sódio (SLES), Monolaurato de sorbitano (SPAN-20) e o Polisorbato-20 (TWEEN-20). Álcool isopropílico foi utilizado como cosurfactante e poliacrilamida parcialmente hidrolisada (HPAM) foi empregada na solução polimérica usada para deslocar o banco de óleo formado e corroborar com a avaliação das formulações de surfactante. Inicialmente, utilizando-se tensiometria ótica, foram feitas medições de tensão superficial das soluções de surfactante para identificar a Concentração Micelar Crítica (CMC) característica de cada surfactante. A partir dos resultados de tensão interfacial obtidos e seguindo-se com o processo metodológico, foram selecionadas as formulações a serem analisadas nos Testes de Comportamento de Fases. Estes testes foram conduzidos com diferentes formulações de surfactante e uma mistura de óleo de campo e querosene. As soluções aquosas e o óleo foram colocados em pipetas de 5 ml para a análise do comportamento das formulações de surfactante em uma dada faixa de salinidade. Entre as formulações analisadas, algumas foram selecionadas para a avaliação da recuperação avançada de óleo através de testes de deslocamento. Estes testes foram conduzidos em amostras de arenito de alta permeabilidade provenientes da formação Botucatu. Uma vez que nesses arenitos, o fenômeno de histerese pode ser negligenciado, é possível conduzir um processo de injeção de água convencional (embebição) seguido de um processo de injeção de óleo (drenagem) visando restaurar as saturações dos fluidos no meio poroso próximas daquelas obtidas no processo da saturação inicial. Finalmente, a eficiência do método de recuperação melhorada é determinada injetando-se um banco de uma formulação de surfactante de tamanho definido. O banco de surfactante é deslocado ao longo do meio poroso utilizando soluções poliméricas e/ou água. Os resultados sugerem que os surfactantes podem ser utilizados com os requerimentos técnicos para a aplicação como método de recuperação avançada em reservatórios de arenitos / Abstract: Surfactants have been used for many purposes in petroleum industry. EOR surfactants formulations are applied for increasing the recovery factor in oil reservoirs as both secondary and tertiary techniques. By injector wells, required volumes are introduced into the reservoir with surfactant formulations for developing a new stabilized oil bank via ultralow interfacial tension between oil and water phases. Ultralow Interfacial tensions are obtained and, consequently, capillary number and oil recovery are increased. There are several surfactants characteristics involved with the efficiency of the process including phase behavior, IFT (Interfacial Tension), electrolyte concentration and rock solid adsorption. Therefore, it's necessary to design properly the project to obtain the best scenario for implementing the technique. This research work shows an applied methodological process for screening, designing and testing surfactant formulations on reservoir sandstones. Three commercial anionic surfactants and two commercial non-ionic surfactants were selected from literature for experimental analysis: Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Ammonium dodecyl sulfate, Sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), Sorbitan Monolaurate (SPAN-20) and Polysorbate-20 (TWEEN-20). Isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol) was also used as co-surfactant for testing the surfactant formulations. Initially, it was performed surface tensions measurements to identify the critical micellar concentration (CMC) characteristic of each surfactant, using a pendant drop tensiometer. After determining interfacial tensions (IFT), some of the tested formulations were selected for conducting phase behavior tests with field oil and kerosene mixture. Phase behavior tests were conducted by adding brine solutions and crude oil in 5 ml pipettes to analyze the performance of the chemical formulations over a range of salinities. Again, some selected surfactant formulations were tested for enhanced oil recovery using coreflood tests in high permeability Botucatu Formation samples. Since hysteresis phenomena are not significant on these sandstone cores, it's possible to perform a waterflooding followed by another drainage process for returning the porous media saturations close to the initial values. Subsequently, Enhanced Oil recovery is determined by injecting a slug of the surfactant formulation followed by brine, in a new imbibition process. The results suggest that surfactants can be used according technical requirements for their application in sandstones reservoirs as enhanced oil recovery technique / Mestrado / Reservatórios e Gestão / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

Orientadores: Maria Helena Robert, Antonio Celso Fonseca de Arruda. / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T00:29:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge_AlexandreFonseca_D.pdf: 74832769 bytes, checksum: c12f3ee63d8a19711176184c5a9ee729 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o processo de produção de esponjas metálicas e compósitos de baixa densidade por tixoinfiltracao. A liga metálica AA7075 foi submetida a uma analise de tixohabilidade, na qual foi observada sua adequação ao processo e foi definida a temperatura de trabalho para a infiltração. A produção das amostras consistiu em infiltrar a pasta tixotropica da liga AA7075 sobre bloqueadores removíveis (partículas de NaCl), para a produção das esponjas, e sobre bloqueadores não-removíveis de materiais cerâmicos porosos (vermiculita e cinasita), para a produção dos compósitos. Todas as esponjas metálicas e compósitos produzidos foram caracterizados quanto a sua arquitetura interna, propriedades físicas, térmicas e mecânicas. Os resultados mostraram em todos os casos uma boa qualidade geral dos produtos e uma boa repetibilidade do processo. O comportamento de todos os materiais produzidos em compressão estática ou dinâmica se mostrou próximo do comportamento típico de materiais celulares, com grande platô de deformação plástica ocorrendo com valores relativamente baixos de tensão. A analise das curvas obtidas nos ensaios de compressão semi-estática e compressão dinâmica, em conjunto com imagens de amostras parcialmente comprimidas, forneceu informações sobre os prováveis mecanismos de deformação envolvidos, incluindo o papel dos materiais de reforço. Adicionalmente, foi proposto um equacionamento para a condutividade térmica, dos compósitos, cujos resultados se mostraram satisfatoriamente correlacionados com os experimentais / Abstract: This work had the objective to study the process of production of open-cell metallic foams and low-density composites by thixoinfiltration. The AA7075 alloy underwent a thixoability analysis, in which it was observed its adequation to the process, and the working temperature for the infiltration was defined. The samples production consisted in infiltrating the thixotropic slurry of AA7075 alloy into removable space-holders (NaCl particles) for the production of the foams, and into non-removable space-holders of porous ceramic materials (vermiculite and expanded clay) for the production of the composites. All the foams and composites produced were characterized according to their internal architecture, physical, thermal, and mechanical properties. The results in all cases showed a good quality of the products in general, and a good repeatability of the process. The behavior of all the produced materials under semi-static and dynamic compression remained similar to the typical behavior of cellular materials, with a large plastic deformation plateau occurring with relatively low stress levels. The analysis of the obtained curves from the semi-static and dynamic tests, together with images from partially compressed samples, gave information about the possible deformation mechanisms involved, including the role of the reinforcement materials. Furthermore, a calculation for the thermal conductivity of the composites was proposed, with their results satisfactorily correlated to experimental data / Doutorado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

Orientador: Rosângela Barros Zanoni Lopes Moreno / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T17:50:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zampieri_MarceloFerreira_M.pdf: 9750588 bytes, checksum: f5ef8cf9e287b3bac73e8d369efd1839 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O desenvolvimento de métodos de recuperação é extremamente importante para a explotação de petróleo e a escolha entre diferentes métodos pode representar grande diferença na análise de oportunidades e no desenvolvimento dos campos. No método convencional por injeção de água objetiva-se a manutenção de pressão do reservatório e a produção do óleo se dá pelo deslocamento mecânico entre os fluidos. O fluido deslocante (água) tende a ocupar gradualmente o espaço do fluido deslocado (óleo), ficando uma parcela de óleo residual, devido aos efeitos capilares. Entretanto, a depender da razão de mobilidade, a saturação de óleo residual só é atingida após a injeção de quantidades muito grandes de água. A adição de polímero à água de injeção tem o objetivo de aumentar a viscosidade da água e melhorar a razão de mobilidade água/óleo, uniformizando assim a frente de avanço, e melhorando a eficiência de varrido. Uma técnica que vem sendo investigada e é propósito deste trabalho é analisar a injeção de bancos alternados de solução polimérica e água em certos intervalos de tempo. Desta forma os bancos surgem como uma alternativa econômica, pois a injeção contínua de solução polimérica é um processo caro. Reservatórios de petróleo candidatos à utilização de polímeros para recuperação devem atender a alguns critérios de seleção. Neste trabalho, foram utilizados testemunhos do Arenito Botucatu, solução salina NaI, óleo de parafina comercial, e solução polimérica à base de poliacrilamida parcialmente hidrolizada (HPAM). Um porta-testemunho especial foi utilizado para a realização dos testes de deslocamento, sendo monitoradas as pressões ao longo da amostra, além de massas e volumes de injeção e de produção dos fluidos durante o tempo. Foram realizados quatro testes para analisar a influência da injeção de água, polímeros e injeção alternada de bancos de água e de polímeros, sendo ao final comparados os resultados para cada condição de teste. Primeiramente todas as amostras foram submetidas à injeção de água e após a re-saturação com óleo, as mesmas foram submetidas às seguintes condições: injeção contínua de solução polimérica no primeiro e terceiro testes; banco de solução polimérica seguido por banco de água no segundo teste; e por último, dois ciclos alternados de polímero e água. Foram encontrados melhores resultados para a utilização de polímeros e de bancos de água e polímeros em relação à injeção de água / Abstract: Developing an efficient methodology for oil recovery is extremely important in this commodity industry, which may indeed lead to wide spread profitability. In a conventional water injection method, oil displacement occurs by mechanical behavior between fluids. Water tends to take up oil space, gradually leaving a portion of residual oil due to capillary effect. Nevertheless, depending on mobility ratio, a huge quantity of injected water is necessary. Polymer solution injection aims at increasing water viscosity and improving the oil/water mobility ratio, thus smoothing advance front and improving sweep efficiency. A new technique which has been investigated and is also the subject of this investigation is Polymer Alternate Water Injection at specific intervals of time and sequence. By doing so, the bank serves as an economic alternative, since injecting polymer solution is an expensive process. When considering polymer recovery technology, petroleum reservoir candidates should exercise screening criteria. Experiments presented here were conducted using core samples of sandstones and NaI saline solutions, paraffin oil, and HPAM solutions (partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide). The injections were performed through a core-holder with pressure monitoring along the sample, collecting mass and volumes of injected and produced fluids over time. Four experiments were conducted in order to compare continuous water injection, continuous polymer injection and polymer alternate water injection. Primarily every core sample was submitted to continuous water injection. After oil re-saturation, tests included the following injection conditions: continuous polymer injection in the first and third test; polymer bank followed by a water bank in the second test; and in the fourth test, two cycles of polymer alternate water. By comparing normalized results for each condition, it was possible to reach favorable results for polymer alternate water solution methodology, demonstrating the positive benefits of the method applied / Mestrado / Reservatórios e Gestão / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

Dans ce travail, nous avons proposé pour la première fois de synthétiser des sphères de carbone creuses ou poreuses par traitement hydrothermal et pyrolyse ultérieure de «templates», soit d’origine naturelle tels que des œufs de poisson ou des billes d’alginate, ou synthétiques comme des capsules polymères remplies d’un mélange xylitol-érythritol. Le saccharose, le tanin, la résine résorcinol-formaldéhyde, etc., ont été utilisés comme précurseurs de carbone. L’influence des conditions de réaction pendant le traitement hydrothermal ou la pyrolyse a été étudiée afin de trouver les conditions optimales pour contrôler le diamètre et la structure des matériaux finaux. Les propriétés d’absorption des micro-ondes par une hétérostructure consistant en une monocouche ordonnée de sphères de carbone vitreux, creuses ou poreuses, ont été étudiées dans la bande Ka (gamme de fréquences de 26-37 GHz), des points de vue expérimental et théorique. Des tests préliminaires pour concentrer l’énergie solaire, afin d’augmenter l’évaporation thermique solaire, ont également été réalisés dans cette thèse / In the present work, we proposed for the first time to synthesize hollow / porous carbon spheres by hydrothermal treatment and subsequent pyrolysis of templates, either natural such as fish eggs or alginate beads, or synthetic such as polymer capsules filled with xylitol-erythritol blend. Sucrose, tannin, resorcinol-formaldehyde, etc., were used as carbon precursors. The influence of the reaction conditions during the hydrothermal treatment or the pyrolysis was investigated in order to find the optimal reaction conditions and to tune the diameter and the porosity of the resultant materials. The microwave-absorbing properties of a heterostructure consisting of an ordered monolayer of hollow or porous glassy carbon spheres packed in 2D were experimentally and theoretically investigated in the Ka-band (26–37 GHz) frequency range. The first test of the hollow carbon spheres used for concentrating the solar energy and thus improving solar thermal evaporation was also carried out in this thesis

Abstract The subject of this thesis is the characterization of chemical reactions and adsorption by means of remote detection (RD) method of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The thesis consists of three related topics: In the first one, novel RD NMR based methods for characterizing chemical reactions were presented. In the second topic RD NMR methods were used to study the performance of new kind of microfluidic reactors. The third project concentrated on the development of a novel way to quantify the adsorption of flowing gas mixtures in porous materials. Even though all the topics cover quite different areas of research, they have few common nominators: remote detection NMR, microfluidics and method development. Microfluidic devices are of interest for many areas of science (such as molecular biology, disease diagnosis, chemistry) as they offer great promises for future technologies. Small dimensions enable, among many other things, the benefits of small sample volumes, large surface to volume ratio, efficient heat exchange and precise control of flow features and chemical reactions. The efficient evolution of microfluidic processes requires also the development of new innovative ways to characterize the performance of microfluidic devices. In this work, remote detection NMR is utilized for the purpose. RD is a method where the encoding and detection of information are separated physically. In many cases, the encoding and detection are performed with two separate RF coils while a fluid is passing through the studied system. In the first part of the thesis work, we introduced the concept of remote detection exchange (RD-EXSY) NMR spectroscopy. We demonstrated that the RD-EXSY method can provide unique chemical information. Furthermore, the time-of-flight (TOF) information, which is a natural side product of the experimental setup used, can be converted into indirect spatial information, showing the active reaction regions in a microfluidic device. Additionally, we demonstrated that by applying the principles of Hadamard spectroscopy in the encoding of the indirect spectral dimension we were able to produce with high efficiency RD-EXSY TOF images with direct spatial information. This allows even more accurate characterization of the active regions. The second topic concentrates on the development of microfluidc hydrogenation reactors. In the project atomic layer depositon (ALD) method was used for the first time to deposit both catalyst nanoparticles and support material on the surface of wall-coated microreactors. As a model reaction continuous flow propene hydrogenation into propane was studied by means of remote detection NMR. Reaction yield, mass transport phenomena and the activity of the catalyst surface were determined from the RD NMR data. Thirdly we presented a novel method for gas adsorption measurements in porous materials using RD TOF NMR. Traditional adsorption measurements are carried out at static conditions for a single gas component, as multi-component adsorption measurements are challenging and time-consuming. We investigated adsorption of continuously flowing propane and propene gases as well as their mixture in packed beds of mesoporous materials. The unique time-of-flight information obtained using the RD NMR method was utilized in the determination of flow velocity, which was then converted into amount of adsorbed gas.

Le but de ce travail de thèse est de développer des aérogels biosourcés, mécaniquement résistants et thermiquement très isolants (voire super-isolants). Les aérogels à base de cellulose, souvent appelés « aérocelluloses », sont connus pour être très poreux et extrêmement légers. Ils présentent en revanche une grande dispersion de tailles de pores, donnant de propriétés thermiques relativement modestes. Nous avons étudié plusieurs approches pour améliorer la morphologie des aérocelluloses: la modification du solvant, la réticulation chimique de la cellulose et la formation d'hybrides avec d'autres polymères. La réticulation de la cellulose a réellement permis d'affiner la structure poreuse de l'aérocellulose vers une nano-structuration ce qui a amélioré la conductivité thermique, s'approchant du domaine de la super-isolation (0.026 W.m-1.K-1). Un autre polysaccharide, la pectine, a été utilisé pour préparer un aérogel également poreux et très léger, « l'aéropectine ». L'aéropectine et l'aérocellulose présentent de fortes similitudes dans leur morphologie. Cependant, l'aéropectine possède de meilleures propriétés thermiques, super-isolantes (0.020 W.m-1.K-1), grâce à la nano-structuration du réseau poreux. Ces aérogels sont 100% biosourcés avec un faible impact environnemental, et sont très prometteurs non seulement pour l'isolation thermique mais également pour de nombreuses autres applications, telle que la libération contrôlée de médicaments ou la catalyse. La formation d'aérogel de silice à l'intérieur de la structure poreuse d'aéropectine a augmenté la surface spécifique jusqu'à 700 m2/g et a permis de diminuer la conductivité thermique (0.017 W.m-1.K-1). / The work aims at developing a new generation of bio-based aerogels, mechanically robust and thermally very insulating (super-insulating). Cellulose aerogels, called “aerocelluloses”, are known to be very porous and ultra-lightweight materials but present a wide range of pores and therefore moderate thermal insulating properties. We studied several approaches for tuning aerocellulose towards a finer and nanostructured morphology: modification of solvent, cellulose crosslinking and formation of cellulose-based hybrids. It was cellulose cross-linking that greatly improved aerocellulose structure towards a nano-structuration, reflected by the increase of specific surface area and the decrease of thermal conductivity, close to super-insulation (0.026 W.m-1.K-1). Another polysaccharide, pectin, was used for preparing a highly porous and very lightweight aerogel called “aeropectin”. Aeropectin and aerocellulose were compared; they present many similarities in their morphology. However, aeropectin has better thermal properties, reaching super-insulation (0.020 W.m-1.K-1). These bio-aerogels are 100% bio-based, environmentally friendly and present a high potential not only for thermal insulation but also for a broad range of other applications such as controlled drug release and catalysis. The formation of silica aerogel directly inside the porous structure of aeropectin increased the specific surface area up to 700 m²/g and decreased thermal conductivity (0.017 W.m-1.K-1).

M.Sc. (Chemistry) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Magister Scientiae - MSc / In this study SBA-15 mesoporous silica template was synthesized and used as a sacrificial template in the preparation of ordered mesoporous carbon material. A chemical vapour deposition (CVD) technique using LPG or alternatively sucrose, pyrolyzed upon a mesoporous Si matrix were used to produce nanostructured ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) with graphitic character after removing the Si template. The sucrose method was found to be a suitable route for preparing OMC. The OMC was used as a conductive three dimensional porous support for depositing catalytic nanophase Pt metal. Deposition of Pt nanoparticles on OMC was accomplished using a CVD method with Pt(acac)2 as a precursor. The synthesized nano-composite materials were characterized by several techniques such as, HRTEM, HRSEM, EDS, XRD, BET, TGA, FT-IR and CV. / South Africa

Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif de caractériser le comportement anisotrope des mousses acoustiques. Ces matériaux, couramment employés pour lutter contre les nuisances sonores et vibratoireset sont modélisés à l'aide du modèle de Biot. Celui-ci est basé sur le formalisme de lamécanique des milieux continus à deux champs couplés, l'un associé au solide et l'autre au fluidesaturant. Nous nous intéresserons plus particulièrement dans ce travail aux paramètres du solideet aux matériaux présentant une anisotropie (c'est-à-dire des propriétés qui varient suivant lesdirections) du squelette solide. Ici, deux types d'anisotropie sont distingués, l'anisotropie naturelledu matériau et celle induite par une action extérieure, cette dernière ayant pour principale cause lacompression statique des échantillons. Par ailleurs, trois types de symétries naturelles sont considérés : isotropie, isotropie transverse avec et sans rotation de direction principale. Celles-ci sont leplus couramment rencontrées.L'analyse expérimentale du type de symétrie des mousses se fait au moyen d'un dispositif, appelé rigidimètre, qui permet de déterminer la raideur mécanique d'échantillons cubiques de moussesous hypothèse quasi-statique. Celui-ci est couplé à une mesure au vibromètre laser à balayage, permettantde mesurer le déplacement normal des faces des cubes. Des lignes de niveaux des champsde déplacements normaux surfaciques sont ainsi obtenues. Il est alors possible de classer les différentstypes d'anisotropie en analysant ces courbes de niveaux. Ainsi, avec ces a-priori, une méthodea été élaborée pour déterminer les coefficients de Poisson à l'aide de techniques de minimisationà partir des autres constantes élastiques préalablement déterminées. Ce problème est construit àpartir d'indicateurs expérimentaux et d'indicateurs provenant d'un modèle éléments finis.L'influence de la compression statique sur les modules élastiques est ensuite étudiée. Toutd'abord, la variation du module d'Young en fonction du taux de compression est caractérisée àpartir de mesures au rigidimètre. Ensuite, la variation du module de cisaillement en fonction de lacompression statique est caractérisée par une méthode d'ondes guidées (en collaboration avec laKULeuven). Il a été montré que les variations de modules élastiques pouvaient être importantespuisqu'elles peuvent atteindre 50 %. A partir de ces déterminations expérimentales, quatre zones decomportement de la mousse ont été mises en évidence. Ces quatre zones correspondent respectivementà des effets de compression, de flambement, de densification et de réarrangement des cellules.Un modèle éléments-finis microstructural, dans lequel la cellule élémentaire est modélisée par untétrakaidécaèdre de Kelvin, est enfin proposé. Celui-ci permet de modéliser les trois premièreszones, qui correspondent aux compressions statiques usuelles dans les applications acoustiques. / This thesis deals with the characterization of the anisotropic behavior of acoustic foams. Thesematerials, which are commonly used to reduce noise and vibration, are modeled by the Biot model.This model is based on the formalism of continuum mechanics of two coupled elds, one associated to the solid, and the other one associated to the saturating fluid. This work is more particularly focused on the solid parameters and on the materials having an anisotropy (i.e. properties which vary according to directions) of the solid skeleton. Here, two types of anisotropy are distinguished,the natural anisotropy of the material, and the induced anisotropy, which is due to an external action and principally caused by a static compression samples. Furthermore, three types of natural symmetries (which are the most commonly encountered) are considered : isotropy, transverseisotropy with and without rotation of principal direction.The experimental analysis of the type of the foam symmetry is performed with the device calledrigidimeter, which allows to determine the mechanical stiness of cubic samples of foam underquasi-static assumption. This device is coupled with a laser scanning vibrometer, which measures the normal displacement of the faces of cubes. Isovalues of the displacement fields of the normal surface are obtained. According to these results, it is possible to classify the different types of anisotropy by the analysis of the isovalues of the displacement fields. Thus, with these a-priori, a method was developed to determine the Poisson's ratios with minimization techniques from theother elastic constants already determined. This problem is constructed from experimental indicators and indicators taken from a finite element model.The influence of static compression on the elastic moduli is then studied. First, the variation of Young's modulus as a function of compression ratio is characterized from the rigidimeter measurement. Then, the variation of shear modulus as a function of static compression has been characterized by a method of guided waves (in collaboration with KULeuven). It was shown that variations of elastic moduli could be important because they can reach 50 %. From these experimental determinations, four areas of behavior of the foam have been identified. These four areas correspond, respectively, to effects of compression, buckling, densification and rearrangement of cells. A microstructural finite element model, in which the unit cell is modeled by a Kelvin tetrakaidecahedron,is finally proposed. This one models successfully the first three areas, which correspond to the common static compression in the acoustic applications.