This study investigated the impact of the levels of liquidity of Initial Public Offering (IPO) stocks on the long-run performance of IPOs over a five year period. In addition the study sought to investigate if the levels of liquidity of IPO stock were significantly higher than non-IPO stock. The methodology used was the calendar time portfolio approach based on the Fama-French regression equation. The study found that over a five year period IPOs did not underperform or over-perform the market. In addition the study found that the liquidity levels of IPOs were not significantly higher than non-IPOs. While the lower liquidity levels help explain the fact that the IPOs did not underperform the market, they do not indicate the existence of a liquidity risk premium on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

During the last decades, the competition changed from taking place between individual companies to take place between supply chains. As a natural consequence, the importance of buyer-supplier relationships (BSRs) increased since both actors need to work together (Dyer & Singh, 1998; Kannan & Choon Tan, 2006). During a seminar provided by the Swedish trade and employers’ association Trä- och Möbelföretagen (TMF), companies within the Swedish furniture industry revealed the BSR management to be deficient from time to time, where price focus has increased from the producer side. Whereas the suppliers stressed the disinterest to compete on price, the authors formulated the purpose of this thesis as: To investigate how the furniture industry can further develop the management of BSRs for the benefit of both producers and suppliers within the industry segment. To fulfill the purpose, the authors have conducted an observation, interviews and distributed a survey to both producers and suppliers of the studied industry segment, design- and office furniture. The aim was to holistically understand how the BSRs are currently managed, and from the current state provide improvement suggestions. The analysis of the collected data highlights that the problems perceived by the companies are not as wide-ranging as first indicated, but there are rather small-scale changes that need to be done in order to improve the BSR management. The suggested improvements that need to be considered were drafted from earlier theories and merged into a single BSR framework. However, a BSR development model, suggesting that the furniture industry could beneficially manage the BSRs more strategically, also accompanies the BSR framework. The authors conclude that in order for companies to manage BSRs more strategically, the main focus needs to shift from price towards flexibility, long-term commitment and co-development. Only by shifting focus from transactional BSRs towards collaborative BSRs, the authors argue the furniture industry can realize the domestic BSRs’ full potential.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T14:49:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao Tiago Ribeiro Ricardo.pdf: 770441 bytes, checksum: 1fa8c1b0aa7124490ef2da35a95e81a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-31 / The objective of this study was to assess the viability and risk of the main summer season crops in Rio Verde (GO) municipality. To reach this objective, production cost sheets were elaborated from production factors described by the Federação da Agricultura e Pecuária de Goiás and prices obtained from the Instituto de Economia Agrícola , adjusted to Rio Verde s conditions. As indicator of economic viability the profit was used, complemented by deterministic methods like sensitivity analysis and stochastic techniques like portfolio approach. The results showed that rice, bean, maize and soybean crops were viable during the considered period of 2000/01 to 2009/10. Rice crop has shown the lowest viability indexes, with an average profit of R$ 56.29 per hectare and a high risk of R$ 508.66 per hectare. Bean crop has had the beast viability results (average profit of R$ 1,705.06 per hectare), but also with a high risk of R$ 1,919.09 per hectare. Maize and soybean crops have shown similar viability results, with average profits of R$ 737.60 and R$ 639.70 per hectare, respectively. In terms of risk, both crops also have had the lowest risk/profit ratio, being 0.85 and 0.66, in the same order. / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar a viabilidade e o risco das principais culturas de verão no município de Rio Verde (GO). Para se alcançar esse objetivo construiu-se planilhas de custo a partir de fatores de produção descritos pela Federação da Agricultura e Pecuária de Goiás, e preços da base de dados do Instituto de Economia Agrícola convertidos para o município de Rio Verde. Utilizouse como indicador de viabilidade econômica o resíduo (nesta dissertação referido como resíduo econômico) e o auxílio de metodologias determinísticas como análises de sensibilidade e metodologias estocásticas como análise de portfólio. Os resultados demonstraram que as culturas de arroz, feijão, milho e soja foram viáveis no período considerado (safras de verão 2000/01 a 2009/10), sendo que a cultura do arroz apresentou os mais baixos índices de viabilidade (resíduo econômico médio de R$ 56,29 por ha) e um alto risco (risco de R$ 508,66 por ha); a cultura do feijão apresentou os melhores resultados quanto a viabilidade (resíduo econômico médio de 1.705,06 por ha), e em contrapartida apresentou-se como cultura de mais alto risco dentre as culturas avaliadas para o período (risco de R$ 1.919,09 por ha). As culturas de milho e soja apresentaram resultados de viabilidade similares, sendo R$ 737,60 por ha e R$ 639,70 por ha, respectivamente. Em termos de relação risco/resíduo econômico, também apresentaram os menores índices, sendo 0,85 e 0,66, na mesma ordem

The study examines the returns for new and existing holdings in Swedish actively managed equity funds. The hypothesis is based on fund managers paying more attention and effort to analyze and finding new investments for the portfolio than they do to update the analyzes for the existing holdings. The managers can therefore be assumed to create information benefits which in turn generate a higher return for new than existing holdings. Calendar-Time Portfolio Approach is used to measure the development of new and existing holdings. Alpha estimates are performed using the Fama and French (1993) three-factor model and the Carhart (1997) four-factor model. When alpha is estimated using the Carhart four-factor model, the study finds that new holdings generate a slightly higher average return per month, 0.95%, compared with the existing holdings, 0.87%. The study finds similar results when alpha is estimated using the Fama and French three-factor model. The difference was not statistically significant for either method and can therefore be assumed to be random. / I studien undersöks avkastningen för nya, respektive befintliga innehav i svenska aktivt förvaltade aktiefonder. Hypotesen baseras på att fondförvaltare lägger mer uppmärksamhet och ansträngning på att analysera och finna nya investeringar till portföljen än vad de gör för att uppdatera analyserna för de befintliga innehaven. Förvaltarna kan därför antas skapa informationsfördelar som i sin tur genererar en högre avkastning för nya än befintliga innehav. För att mäta utvecklingen av nya respektive befintliga innehav används Calendar-Time Portfolio Approach. Skattningar av alfa genomförs med Fama och French (1993) trefaktormodell och Carhart (1997) fyrfaktormodell. När alfa skattas med Carhart fyrfaktormodell finner studien att nya innehav genererar en något högre genomsnittlig avkastning per månad, 0,95 %, jämfört med de befintliga innehaven, 0,87 %. Studien finner liknande resultat när alfa skattas med Fama och French trefaktormodell. Differensen var inte statistiskt signifikant för någon av de två metoderna och kan därmed antas slumpmässig.

När ett bolag tar in kapital genom en emission kan de antingen använda sig av en riktademissionen eller av en företrädesemission. Tidigare forskning har visat att bolag har ennegativ aktieutveckling efter en nyemission. Senare forskning har visat att både valet avvilken typ av emission som bolaget använder sig av, och det annonserade motivet tillemissionen, påverkar avkastningen. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka abnormavkastning på kort och lång sikt, samt skillnader i avkastning, för de två olikaemissionstyperna. Kort sikt defineras i studien som två dagar, annonseringsdagen samtnästföljande handelsdag, medan lång sikt defineras som 12 månader. Vi mäter även om detannonserade motivet påverkar den kortsiktiga avkastningen. Urvalet består av 187observationer från bolag noterade på Stockholmsbörsen mellan 2012-2016. Bolag somannonserar om att de behöver ta in kapital genom en företrädesemission, har en abnormnegativ avkastning vid annonsering, men ingen abnorm avkastning på lång sikt. För bolagsom valde att ta in kapital genom en riktad emission har ingen annonseringseffekt kunnaturskiljas, men den långsiktiga avkastningen är positiv. Om motivet till en nyemission ärförenat med en investering, förvärv eller expansion, har företagets aktiekurs i genomsnitt haften positv utveckling.