In this report, mainly three different problems are considered. The first problem considered is how to filter position data of vehicles. To do so the vehicles have to be tracked. This is done with Kalman filters. The second problem considered is how to control a camera to keep a vehicle in the center of the image, under three different conditions. This is mainly solved with a Kalman filter. The last problem considered is how to use the color of the vehicles to make classification of them more robust. Some suggestions on how this might be done are given. However, no really good method to do this has been found. / Den här rapporten behandlar huvudsakligen tre olika problem. Det första problemet är hur man ska filtrera fordons positions data. För att göra detta måste fordonen följas. Detta är gjort med ett Kalmanfilter. Det andra problemet var att styra en kamera så att ett givet fordon ligger mitt i bild, tre olika förhallånde har betraktats. Detta löstes huvudsakligen med ett Kalmanfilter. Det sista problemet var hur man ska använda fordonens färg så att man får säkrare klassificering av dem. Några förslag på hur detta kan göras ges, men ingen riktigt bra metod har hittats.

In order to investigate if difference in personality is depended on the teat positions in piglets, Sus scrofa, 63 piglets, from 21 litters, were studied. The piglets were at an age between 9 and 31 days. 3 piglets in each of the 21 litters, one that suckled at an anterior teat, one at a middle teat, and one at a posterior teat, were studied during lactation, undisturbed activity, and introduction to a novel object respectively to new straw. In total thirteen behaviors were recorded. The only significant difference between the teat position were disputes during suckling (P=0.018). There was a tendency of playing during undisturbed activity (P=0.062) between the teat positions. There were significant differences between the litters for every behavior except for inactive piglet lying alone (P=0.108) and when exploring new straw (P=0.584). There is only evidence for behavioral differences for the frequency of disputes during suckling between piglets at different teat positions. A principal component analysis, which accounted for 64.2 % of the variance, suggested four personality traits: exploration (19.2 %), playfulness (17.5 %), interest in food (14.8 %), and interest in straw (10.9 %). However, no significant differences were found for these components for the different teat positions.

The pharmaceutical market is a billon euro industry and the competition on the market is highly intensive. Primarily there are two competitors on the market, partly the originators which provide the market with new drugs, and partly the generics which produce copies of the originators‟ drugs. The originators are able to be granted patent protection of the drug under the European patent system, provided that the drug fulfils the requirements for patentability. During the period of patent protection the generics are not able to produce copies of the drug, but once the duration of the patent has expired the generics are able start the production. Thus, in order to hinder the generics to make copies of the drug, the originators apply various patent strategies. This has been noted by the European Commission, which conducted a sector inquiry of the pharmaceutical market in 2009. The presentation of the competition within the market focused on the applied strategies by the originator and concluded that all measures will be taken to hinder restrictions on the competition. In conjunction, the General Court judged in a recent case that the originator AstraZeneca constituted an infringement of the competition law when their strategies were applied. The complexity of determine whether a strategy is lawful or not, is due to the interface between the intellectual property law and the EC competition law. This implies that the strategy can be lawful under the IP law but unlawful under the competition law. The Court has established that any strategy, regardless of its legality under the IP law, constitutes an infringement of the competition law if it might restrict the competition. The Courts do not provide sufficient guidelines of the conditions that constitute the infringement. Consequently, the strategies‟ legality is at present time uncertain.

The development of X-ray Beam Position Monitors (XBPM) used on the Canadian Light Source front ends is described in this thesis, from the design concepts to the practical implementation and commissioning. Surveyed into position to provide a fiducialized point of origin for incoming synchrotron radiation, the primary purpose of the XBPM is to provide a measure of synchrotron beam motion. Currently XBPMs have been installed on three beamlines at the Canadian Light Source, a 2.9 GeV third generation synchrotron radiation source. Two of the XBPMs are comprised of chemical vapour deposition synthetic diamond blades coated with gold and installed on insertion device beamlines, while the third makes use of molybdenum blades for a dipole beamline. By incrementally scanning the blades of the XBPM through the synchrotron beam it is possible to determine the monitors� spatial resolution to beam motion. For the commissioned XBPM a typical spatial resolution of +/- 1 micron of beam motion was achieved; and the thermal power loading capacity has been tested to the 2/5 of maximum value. An independent white beam profiler, comprised of a converter crystal and image acquisition software, was constructed to corroborate the functionality of the XBPM.

Syftet har varit att undersöka om det föreligger ett samband mellan socioekonomisk position och psykisk ohälsa i ålderdomen och om detta samband till någon del kan förklaras av ett samband mellan socioekonomisk position och fritidsaktiviteter. Det har för detta ändamål gjorts ordinala logistiska regressionsanalyser där utbildningens alternativt inkomstens samband med psykisk ohälsa kontrollerats för fritidsaktiviteter. Den beroende variabeln har skapats utifrån befintligt datamaterial från de representativa undersökningarna SWEOLD och LNU. Kombinationen av datamaterial från dessa två undersökningar har möjligjgjort longitudinella analyser. Studiens analyser visade att kulturella aktiviteter och ett generellt rikare fritidsliv förklarade till viss det negativa sambandet mellan utbildning och psykisk ohälsa alternativt inkomst och psykisk ohälsa.

The Strategies of the firms in Patent are not only about the future, but also forming the barrier for competitor. For the sake, we should develop the patent strategies and technological position.This study goes to the discussion of technological position by the patent multivariate analysis, and suggest the patent strategy by the difference within and between the groups which were clustered from IC design companies. This study selects twenty gobal IC design companies,which are always on the top25 of the industry.In case1 ,we wonder figure out the technological postion and the path of technology shift.In case2,we can recognize the technological position as industrial position. In case 1, we got four clusters by cluster analysis.Cluster 1 is called SpecialistII,and cluster2 is called Strong Generalist, and cluster 3 is called Specialist I,and cluster 4 is called Weak Generalist. For further observation, the firms with technology shift will shift from cluster 1 to cluster 2 in the same direction.Others still maintain the same strategies in their clusters. In case 2 , we also got four clusters by the analysis. Cluster 1 is called Weak Generalist ,and cluster 2 is called Strong Generalist, and cluster 3 is called Specialist I,and cluster 4 is called Specialist III.As financial results , we got homogeneity within a cluster except cluster 4. Performance between clusters, we made and observed the line chart of trend in the selected financial ratio and we used the median of samples within a cluster. In case 2,it seems heterogeneous in ROA and Price-to-book ratio in the chart.In case1,it is also heterogeneous in ROA and price-to-book ratio.It¡¦s significant and positively correlated in R&D productivity(GrossMargin-to-R&D ratio) between others by the correlation coefficient matrix.It seems to be the proxy to the other financial ratio.

Family-owned governance is a typical governance structure in Taiwan¡¦s companies, including those ones engaged in high-tech industry. For those family-owned companies in high-tech industry, they need to assign professional managers in key decision-making roles in order to compete in this industry characterize by fast-moving, rapidly changing, and highly competitive. Thus, the mechanism to solve the possible agency problem caused from separation of ownership and management is a rather tough issue for those high-tech family-owned companies. Utilizing the over-five-year data, this study examines the possible relationships between the assignment of professional managers in key decision-making roles, the family sharing, and the performance in Taiwan¡¦s family-owned companies in personal computer industry. The results indicate that assigning professional managers in key decision-making roles will negatively moderate the negative relationship between family indirect sharing and performance. However, the assignment of professional managers in key decision-making roles will not significantly influence the relationship between family direct sharing and performance in high-tech family-owned companies. The finding highlights the importance of giving professional managers decision-making positions to solve the agency problem besides the typical compensation mechanism in family-owned company context. Furthermore, it also provides referable values in agency issues in family businesses.

This thesis presents and discusses research associated with locating wireless devices. Several algorithms have been developed to determine the physical location of the wireless device and a subset of these algorithms only rely on received signal strength (RSS). Two of the most promising RSS-based algorithms are the LC and dwMDS algorithms; however each algorithm has only been tested via computer simulations with different environmental parameters. To determine which algorithm performs better (i.e., produces estimates that are closer to the true location of the wireless device), a fair comparison needs to be made using the same set of data. The goal of this research is to compare the performance of these two algorithms using not only the same set of data, but data that is collected from the field. An extensive measurement campaign at different environments provided a vast amount of data as input to these algorithms. Both of these algorithms are evaluated in a onedimensional (straight line) and two-dimensional (grid) setting. In total, six environments were used to test these algorithms; three environments for each setting. The results show that on average, the LC algorithm outperforms dwMDS in most of the environments. Since the same data was inputted for each algorithm, a fair comparison can be made and doesn’t give any unfair advantage to any particular algorithm. In addition, since the data was taken directly from the field as opposed to computer simulations, this provides a better degree of confidence for a successful realworld implementation.

This thesis presents the design of various closed-loop real-time control of a novel linear magnetostrictive actuator. The novel linear magnetostrictive actuator which uses Terfenol-D as the magnetostrictive material was developed by Sadighi. It solves the problem of power consumption in a conventional magnetostrictive actuator. However, the control system of this magnetostrictive actuator cannot control the current in the coils, which limits the performances of the real-time position control. In the closed-loop real-time control system proposed in this thesis, the controller is designed depending on the change of current. The closed-loop real-time control design focused on the position control of the active element in the novel linear magnetostrictive actuator. The closed-loop position-control system of the linear magnetostrictive actuator was successfully designed by implementing a closed-loop current-control system as an inner loop of the entire control system. This design offers the flexibility to design various position controllers in the closed-loop position-control system. The closed-loop current-control design uses pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal to change the current in the coils of the novel linear magnetostrictive actuator. By changing the duty ratio of the PWM signal, the current in the coils can be changed from zero to its maximum value. With a current controller using an integrator with a gain of 10, the current can be controlled with high response time and an error of /- 0.01 A. The position-controller design was successfully conducted by using four different approaches. First, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller which was designed by relay-auto tuning method with experiments exhibited a position error of ±1 μm with a 5 μm peak-to-peak position noise. Second, a PID controller which was designed by root-locus can control the position with a position error of /- 3-4 μm with a 5 μm peak-to-peak position noise. Third, a linear variable velocity controller exhibited a position error of /-5 μm with a 5 mu m peak-to-peak position noise. Then, the sliding mode control (SMC) exhibited a position error of /-5 μm with a 5 μm peak-to-peak position noise.

This research aims at the related cultural heritage of the domestic and international Financial Holding Company to carry on the collection and analysises, and make use of the individual cases in the research analysis method to carry on the research, then the way of the interview through expert, induce to tidy up¡¨ financial merchandise diversification¡¨,¡¨ the control of the marketing thoroughfare and base¡¨ and¡¨ the government-businessman relation ¡§ ,these finally three the items succeeds at the present time for the most main Key Success Factors of the Taiwan Financial Holding Company. This research also develops¡¨ Competitive Advantage¡¨ and¡¨ Competition Scope¡¨ two greatest strategies factor of the Taiwan Financial Holding Company according to the industry competition mode analysis that M. E. Porter put forward, controlling two kinds of Competitive Advantage to be classified into ¡§the government-businessman relation¡¨ and ¡§the profession conducts¡¨, then add to calculate the Financial Holding Company to compete an ¡§Competitive Scope Index¡¨ totally by the amount of the multi-field degree in Financial Holding Company and marketing thoroughfare and base in¡¨ Competition Field¡¨. Because this research problem still belongs to the exploratory research stage, past adoption¡¨ time class data method¡¨ assists to carry on the research with¡¨ expert interview method¡¨. This research assists to regard the concept of the strategic group as the core to carry on the research, the research result knows the Taiwan Financial Holding Company, really can operate according to the strategy different from resource of be classified into four different strategic groups, become the competition strategy matrix compartment of the formation to¡¨ professional niche¡¨,¡¨ the government-businessman relation is concentrated¡¨,¡¨ customer direction¡¨,¡¨ the government-businessman relation is diverse¡¨ four greatest strategic groups, this research and inquire into one by one at the different strategic groups in the Key Success Factors, and each competition set the difference that the Financial Holding Company operation caused , further categorize by a set of as a result the relation of study strategic groups and its results. The research result finds the Taiwan Financial Holding Company controlling the industry development, walking obviously of is a diversification route. The Financial Holding Company of Taiwan is in the operation in the market also be much more than only in order to acquire the economic resource and customers, also must fight for the political power and benefit in the industry, because the latter usually is just the important item of the existence. Therefore, along with for resource, include the marketing of the market and control the increment of the ability with marketing thoroughfare etc., a Financial Holding Company relies on the original government- businessman relation advantage and then be good enough to continue to survive, it is the most important decision factor that profession turn. Large Financial Holding Company due to it oneself have the better finance strength and operation efficiencies, plus the advantage of the scale, a Financial Holding Company of ¡§professional niche¡¨ , although walk the difference turns the management route, the current under the yoke of property scale shortage and product lineses are scattered, can't highlight the main business core competencies, competing down in these three years, perhaps the existence space will be gradually squeezed and smaller and smaller.