The major subject of this graduation thesis is political extremism in its basic forms. In the theoretical part the author focuses in particular on division of political extremism and description of individual extremists groups. He also addresses criminal activities committed by extremists. Large attention is paid mainly to racially motivated criminality. The main objective of this graduation thesis is to ascertain the opinions of two different target groups on the extremist movements and the forms of criminal activities committed by them. The first group of informants consists of people who were brought up in the time of totalitarian regime. The second group of informants is made up of people who were brought up after the revolution in 1989. The output should be the comparison of the opinions, positions and prejudices of these two groups of informants in respect of extremists and their activities. In the practical part the qualitative research method is used. In order to collect the information, the author used the method of phenomenological interviews that were structured and prepared beforehand. The informants were people living in České Budějovice or its close surroundings. Their number and selection was purposeful to secure equal representation of men and women so that the data contain the opinions of both these groups.

O objeto de estudo deste trabalho é caracterizar um transdutor magnético de posição absoluto de longo percurso e robusto quanto à sua resposta dinâmica. O transdutor foi concebido na dissertação de mestrado do autor e denominada de ¨Régua Magnética¨na qual foi estudada a sua resposta estática. Diferentemente de outros transdutores magnéticos este tem como princípio de funcionamento a divisão do fluxo magnético entre dois caminhos distintos, cujas dimensões variam em função da movimentação da bobinas de excitação. Neste estudo analisa-se então a resposta dinâmica do transdutor, pois, quando o seu carro se desloca com velocidade constante, há uma modificação na grandeza física que é responsável pelo sinal de saída correlacionado à posição daquele carro. O estudo foi desenvolvido em dois transdutores de aproximadamente 2 m de comprimento confeccionados com lâminas de Fe-Si cortadas a laser. Os sinais de tensão induzida nas culatras, corrente e fluxo magnético no eletro-ímã do carro bem como o sinal de posição deste são coletados por um dispositivo digital e processados em um computador de modo a se poder obter as curvas estáticas e dinâmicas e assim compará-las. Com este propósito, foi desenvolvida uma bancada original de ensaio de transdutores de posição lineares para a medição da diferença dos sinais entre o caso estático e o dinâmico, denominado de diferença dinâmica, na qual foi empregado um transdutor de posição resistivo para a referência de posição, um sistema de aquisição de sinais para a medição das grandezas envolvidas no processo e um conjunto movimentador e servomotor para controle da velocidade e posição da parte móvel do transdutor. No final deste trabalho são comparados os resultados analíticos e experimentais obtidos como antes descritos. / The aim of this work is to characterize a long-span absolute magnetic position transducer that presents a robust dynamic response. The transducer was conceived by the MSc studies of the author and is called named “Magnetic Ruler” by which its static response was studied. Unlike other magnetic transducers, the magnetic ruler is based on the principle of the division of magnetic flux between two distinct magnetic paths that depends on the linear position of its movable part along the span of the transducer. This present study examines the dynamic response of the transducer when its movable part or car is moving with constant speed. Under such conditions, there is a change in the signal output that is correlated to the position of that car. The study was conducted by means of two transducers of approximately 2-m long laminations of Si-Fe that were laser cut. The voltage signals induced through the search coils on the end yokes, current and magnetic flux in the excitation coil on car, and the position are acquired by a digital device and processed by a computer. That is done to obtain the static and the dynamic curves and, thus, to allow the comparison between the two behaviors. With this objective, a specially built and unique test bench was developed to test linear position transducers under static and dynamic cases. The difference between the two results is called dynamic difference. That test bench employs a resistive position transducer to provide position reference, a signal acquisition system for measuring the quantities involved in the process, and a controlled traction system based on a servo system to control the speed and the position of the moving part of the transducer under test. At the end this work the analytical and experimental results obtained as described above are compared.

abstract: Our ability to estimate the position of our body parts in space, a fundamentally proprioceptive process, is crucial for interacting with the environment and movement control. For proprioception to support these actions, the Central Nervous System has to rely on a stored internal representation of the body parts in space. However, relatively little is known about this internal representation of arm position. To this end, I developed a method to map proprioceptive estimates of hand location across a 2-d workspace. In this task, I moved each subject's hand to a target location while the subject's eyes were closed. After returning the hand, subjects opened their eyes to verbally report the location of where their fingertip had been. Then, I reconstructed and analyzed the spatial structure of the pattern of estimation errors. In the first couple of experiments I probed the structure and stability of the pattern of errors by manipulating the hand used and tactile feedback provided when the hand was at each target location. I found that the resulting pattern of errors was systematically stable across conditions for each subject, subject-specific, and not uniform across the workspace. These findings suggest that the observed structure of pattern of errors has been constructed through experience, which has resulted in a systematically stable internal representation of arm location. Moreover, this representation is continuously being calibrated across the workspace. In the next two experiments, I aimed to probe the calibration of this structure. To this end, I used two different perturbation paradigms: 1) a virtual reality visuomotor adaptation to induce a local perturbation, 2) and a standard prism adaptation paradigm to induce a global perturbation. I found that the magnitude of the errors significantly increased to a similar extent after each perturbation. This small effect indicates that proprioception is recalibrated to a similar extent regardless of how the perturbation is introduced, suggesting that sensory and motor changes may be two independent processes arising from the perturbation. Moreover, I propose that the internal representation of arm location might be constructed with a global solution and not capable of local changes. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Bioengineering 2012

A literatura mundial jà vem demonstrando, hà bastante tempo, que a assistÃncia mÃdica em obstetrÃcia trouxe benefÃcios incalculÃveis aos partos distÃcicos. Por outro lado, as tecnologias utilizadas para a assistÃncia ao parto normal, a nÃvel hospitalar, vÃm sendo questionada e, intervenÃÃes, como a episiotomia, o uso abusivo de ocitÃcicos para abreviar o perÃodo de dilataÃÃo, e a posiÃÃo horizontal (deitada) da parturiente, durante o perÃodo expulsivo do parto, estÃo sendo analisadas e criticadas por um largo nÃmero de pesquisadores. O presente estudo visou testar a hipÃtese de que a assistÃncia ao parto normal na posiÃÃo vertical (sentada), durante o perÃodo expulsivo, seria mais apropriada, por ser fisiolÃgica. AlÃm disso, nÃo se usou o procedimento da episiotomia e observou-se a influÃncia da sucÃÃo do mamilo materno pelo RN no tempo de delivramento e perdas sanguÃneas, sem o uso de ocitÃcicos. A diferenÃa mÃdia de 3,4 minutos em favor da menor duraÃÃo do perÃodo expulsivo, para as parturientes que foram assistidas sentadas, merece destaque, apesar da significÃncia do dado estar em seu limiar estatÃstico, ao nÃvel de 95% (p=0,06). A maioria das parturientes delivraram espontaneamente atà 25 minutos depois do parto, nÃo importando se assistidas na vertical, ou na horizontal; as perdas sanguÃneas tambÃm tiveram equivalÃncias estatÃsticas(p=0,52). A sucÃÃo do mamilo materno mostrou alguma influÃncia mas nÃo logrou significÃncia estatÃstica em relaÃÃo a perdas sanguÃneas (p=0,19) e ao tempo de delivramento (vertical: p=0,08; horizontal: p=0,52). Mesmo sem o procedimento da episiotomia, as laceraÃÃes vulvo-perineais se mantiveram em 44,1% e 47,1% para as mulheres que pariram na vertical e horizontal, respectivamente (incidÃncia mais baixa do que os 52,3% que se encontra na literatura), sendo que mais de 80% em ambos os grupos, a laceraÃÃo foi de 1 grau e o restante apenas de 2 grau. NÃo ficou evidenciada qualquer vantagem na posiÃÃo vertical sobre a posiÃÃo horizontal materna durante o perÃodo expulsivo do parto e delivramento, sendo portanto indicado que se permita a livre escolha da parturiente. A abstenÃÃo do uso de ocitÃcicos e de episiotomia nÃo acarretou prejuÃzo Ãs mÃes que pariram, em qualquer das duas posiÃÃes. Assim, os achados do estudo nÃo apontam para a necessidade de intervenÃÃes obstÃtricas de rotina, na assistÃncia ao parto normal; indicando, outrossim, que elas sejam mais criteriosas, evitando-se iatrogenias e promovendo assistÃncia de melhor qualidade e mais humanizada. / Since a long time, world literature has been demonstrating that medical assistance brought large benefits to complications on deliveries. In the other hand, overused obstetric technologies on normal delivery assistance in hospitals are being questioned. Interventions such as episiotomy, the abuse of oxytocic to shorten the dilatation period and the laying down posture imposed to women during labor are being criticized by a large number of researchers. This study intended to find out if the sitting position to assist the second period of womenâs delivery is more appropriate for it is considered physiological. Besides that, no episiotomy has been performed and immediate breastfeeding consequences on blood loss and on the delivery of placenta were observed. The 3.4 minutes difference on favor of the length of time expulsion period to the group of women who delivered on vertical position versus horizontalâs was considered important but not statistic significant (p=0.06). The great majority of mothers has delivered the placenta within the first 25 minutes, regardless they were on the upright (sitting) or neutral (laying down) position. Blood loss was also equivalent on both groups (p=0.52) and breastfeeding did not show any influence on that (p=0.19) and on the time for delivering the placenta (sitting-p=0.08; laying down-p=0.52). The incidence of perineal trauma was 44.1% and 47.0% for women who delivered on vertical and horizontal position, respectively (this incidence was even lower than the 52.3% which is reported on literature). More than 80% of the spontaneous injuries were 1st degree posterior perineal trauma and the rest was just 2nd degree ones, for both groups. It was not evident any advantage of the vertical position over the horizontalâs, during the expulsion period of labor and delivery of placenta. So, mothers could be given the choice in the posture to be assumed during parturition. The absence of oxytocic and episiotomy did not bring any harm to women delivering in any of the two positions. The outcomes do not support medical intervention should be used as routine on normal delivery and for that, those interventions could have a better criteria, avoiding more harm than good and offering a more humanized delivery assistance.

O objeto de estudo deste trabalho é caracterizar um transdutor magnético de posição absoluto de longo percurso e robusto quanto à sua resposta dinâmica. O transdutor foi concebido na dissertação de mestrado do autor e denominada de ¨Régua Magnética¨na qual foi estudada a sua resposta estática. Diferentemente de outros transdutores magnéticos este tem como princípio de funcionamento a divisão do fluxo magnético entre dois caminhos distintos, cujas dimensões variam em função da movimentação da bobinas de excitação. Neste estudo analisa-se então a resposta dinâmica do transdutor, pois, quando o seu carro se desloca com velocidade constante, há uma modificação na grandeza física que é responsável pelo sinal de saída correlacionado à posição daquele carro. O estudo foi desenvolvido em dois transdutores de aproximadamente 2 m de comprimento confeccionados com lâminas de Fe-Si cortadas a laser. Os sinais de tensão induzida nas culatras, corrente e fluxo magnético no eletro-ímã do carro bem como o sinal de posição deste são coletados por um dispositivo digital e processados em um computador de modo a se poder obter as curvas estáticas e dinâmicas e assim compará-las. Com este propósito, foi desenvolvida uma bancada original de ensaio de transdutores de posição lineares para a medição da diferença dos sinais entre o caso estático e o dinâmico, denominado de diferença dinâmica, na qual foi empregado um transdutor de posição resistivo para a referência de posição, um sistema de aquisição de sinais para a medição das grandezas envolvidas no processo e um conjunto movimentador e servomotor para controle da velocidade e posição da parte móvel do transdutor. No final deste trabalho são comparados os resultados analíticos e experimentais obtidos como antes descritos. / The aim of this work is to characterize a long-span absolute magnetic position transducer that presents a robust dynamic response. The transducer was conceived by the MSc studies of the author and is called named “Magnetic Ruler” by which its static response was studied. Unlike other magnetic transducers, the magnetic ruler is based on the principle of the division of magnetic flux between two distinct magnetic paths that depends on the linear position of its movable part along the span of the transducer. This present study examines the dynamic response of the transducer when its movable part or car is moving with constant speed. Under such conditions, there is a change in the signal output that is correlated to the position of that car. The study was conducted by means of two transducers of approximately 2-m long laminations of Si-Fe that were laser cut. The voltage signals induced through the search coils on the end yokes, current and magnetic flux in the excitation coil on car, and the position are acquired by a digital device and processed by a computer. That is done to obtain the static and the dynamic curves and, thus, to allow the comparison between the two behaviors. With this objective, a specially built and unique test bench was developed to test linear position transducers under static and dynamic cases. The difference between the two results is called dynamic difference. That test bench employs a resistive position transducer to provide position reference, a signal acquisition system for measuring the quantities involved in the process, and a controlled traction system based on a servo system to control the speed and the position of the moving part of the transducer under test. At the end this work the analytical and experimental results obtained as described above are compared.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / No Nordeste brasileiro a eficiÃncia da produÃÃo animal foi incrementada ao combinar pastagens nativas e forrageiras adaptadas em conseqÃÃncia da baixa produtividade das forrageiras nativas, principalmente na Ãpoca de estiagem. Tendo em vista a importÃncia da palma forrageira como um dos mais importantes recursos forrageiro, pela sua elevada produtividade e qualidade para os ruminantes. No entanto, essa pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento vegetativo, produÃÃo e composiÃÃo quÃmico-bromatolÃgica da palma forrageira consorciada com cajà (Spondias spp) no semi-Ãrido cearense. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Lavoura Seca, em QuixadÃ, CE no perÃodo de 2003 a 2007, com o plantio realizado em novembro de 2003 em solo classificado como Luvissolo de textura Franco Arenosa. O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso com arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 com 4 repetiÃÃes, com os seguintes tratamentos: T1 â Plantio Sol NÃo Adubado Leste/Oeste; T2 â Plantio Sol Adubado Leste/Oeste; T3 â Plantio Sol NÃo Adubado Norte/Sul; T4 â Plantio Sol Adubado Norte/Sul; T5 â Plantio Sombra NÃo Adubado Leste/Oeste; T6 â Plantio Sombra Adubado Leste/Oeste; T7 â Plantio Sombra NÃo Adubado Norte/Sul; T8 â Plantio Sombra Adubado Norte/Sul. Nos tratamentos com adubaÃÃo foi colocado 1 kg/cova de esterco bovino curtido, correspondendo a 20 t/ha. A planta utilizada para o sombreamento foi a cajà (Spondias ssp.), espaÃadas de 7 x 7 m e copa com 1,5 m de altura. Para realizar as medidas morfomÃtricas comprimento, largura e espessura utilizou uma rÃgua graduada de 50 cm e um paquÃmetro, respectivamente. Durante a coleta de cada planta os cladÃdios foram numerados por ordem, sendo os cladÃdios primÃrios aqueles originÃrios do cladÃdio base, os secundÃrios aqueles originÃrios de primeira ordem e assim sucessivamente e pesados. Em seguida foi retirada uma amostra composta para determinar os teores de Fibra em Detergente Ãcido, Lignina, Extrato EtÃreo, ProteÃna Bruta, ResÃduo Mineral. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a anÃlise de variÃncia para verificar a significÃncia dos fatores (sol e sombra, leste/oeste e norte/sul, adubado e nÃo adubado e a interaÃÃo entre os fatores) e as mÃdias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Foi verificado efeito significativo (P<0,05) para interaÃÃo sol/sombra e adubado/nÃo adubado para as variÃveis comprimento, largura, espessura dos cladÃdios, produtividade da palma forrageira, resÃduo mineral e carboidratos totais. Jà para a Fibra em Detergente Ãcido foi verificado efeito significativo (P<0,05) para a interaÃÃo sol/sombra e leste/oeste norte/sul. Conclui-se que nas condiÃÃes edafoclimÃticas em que foi conduzido o experimento, a adubaÃÃo orgÃnica e o plantio no sol induzem a um melhor desempenho da palma forrageira (Opuntia fÃcus-indica (L.) Mill). / In the Brazilian Northeast the efficiency of the animal production was increased when combining native pastures and grass adapted in consequence of the low productivity of the native grass, mainly at that time of drought. The importance of the forager palm as one of the most important grass, for your high productivity and quality for the ruminant. However, this research had the objective to evaluate the vegetative growth, production and composition chemistry-bromatologic of the joined forager palm with caja (Spondias spp) in the semi-arid person from the state of CearÃ. The experiment was led in the Experimental Farm, in QuixadÃ, CE in the period from 2003 to 2007, with the planting accomplished in November of 2003 in soil classified like texture Luvissolo Sandy Franco. The experimental desig was randomly blocks with factorial by 2x2x2 with 4 repetitions, with the following treatments: T1 - Plant Sun Not Fertilized east/weast; T2 - Planting Fertilized Sun east/weast; T3 - Plant Sun Not Fertilized Noth/South; T4 - Planting Fertilized Sun North/South; T5 - Plant Shadow Not Fertilized east/weast; T6 - Plant Shandow Fertilized east/weast; T7 - Plant Shandow Not Fertilized North/South; T8 - Plant Shandow Fertilized North/South. In the treatments with manuring 1 kg/cov of tanned bovine manure was placed, corresponding to 20 t / ha. The plant used for the shandow it was the caja (Spondias ssp.), spaced of 7 x 7 m and cup with 1.5 m of height. To accomplish the measures morphometric length, width and thickness used a ruler of 50 cm and a caliper, respectively. During the collection of each plant the cladodes were numbered by order, being the primary cladodes those original of the cladode base, the secondary ones those original of first order and so forth and heavy. Soon after a composed sample was removed to determine the tenors of Fiber in Acid Detergent, Lignina, Ethereal Extract, Crude Protein, ash. For the appraised parameters a variance analysis was accomplished to verify the significant of the factors (sun and shade, east/weast and north/south, fertilized and not fertilized and the interaction among the factors) and the averages compared by the test of Tukey to 5% of probability. Significant effect was verified (P<0.05) for interaction sun/shade and fertilized/not fertilized for the variable length, width, thickness of the cladodes, productivity of the forager palm, ash and total carbohydrates. Already for the Fiber in Acid Detergent verified significant effect (P<0.05) for the interaction sun/shandow and east/weast, north/south. Conclude that in the edafoclimatic conditions where the experiment was lead, the organic fertilization and the plantation in the sun they induce to one better performance of the forager palm (Opuntia fÃcus-indica (L.) Mill)

O propósito do presente estudo foi determinar, radiograficamente, os efeitos da desprogramação neuromuscular, por meio do uso da placa miorrelaxante superior, na posição craniocervical. A desprogramação neuromuscular foi feita objetivando-se realizar o diagnóstico ortodôntico com a mandíbula em relação cêntrica (RC), de acordo com filosofia de Roth (1981). Foram avaliados 39 indivíduos assintomáticos, com maloclusões Classe I de Angle, separados em dois grupos, o controle, contendo 15 indivíduos, com média de idade de 26 anos, não submetidos a qualquer forma de tratamento, e o tratado, contendo 24 indivíduos, com média de idade de 23 anos e 10 meses, submetidos à desprogramação neuromuscular. De cada paciente, foram obtidas duas telerradiografias em norma lateral, na posição natural da cabeça (PNC). No grupo controle, o intervalo médio entre ambas foi 6 meses e 17 dias. No grupo tratado, a primeira telerradiografia foi realizada previamente, e a segunda, após a desprogramação neuromuscular. O tempo médio de uso da placa miorrelaxante foi de 6 meses e 7 dias. A análise cefalométrica craniocervical foi realizada avaliando-se as angulações craniovertical (SN/VER), craniocervical (OPT/SN e CVT/SN), cervicohorizontal (OPT/HOR e CVT/HOR) e o ângulo da curvatura cervical (OPT/CVT). Concluíu-se que houve extensão significativa da cabeça, tanto em relação à linha vertical verdadeira, demonstrada pelo aumento do ângulo SN/VER, quanto à coluna cervical, demonstrada pelo aumento do ângulo CVT/SN. A coluna cervical apresentou alteração significativa em sua inclinação, em relação à linha horizontal verdadeira, demonstrado pelo aumento do ângulo CVT/HOR. Não houve alteração significativa da curvatura cervical. Foram, ainda, observadas correlações significativas entre as alterações das variáveis SN/VER e OPT/HOR, SN/VER e CVT/HOR, SN/VER e CVT/SN, OPT/CVT e OPT/HOR, OPT/CVT e OPT/SN, OPT/HOR e CVT/HOR, OPT/HOR e OPT/SN, assim como OPT/SN e CVT/SN. / The purpose of this study was to determine, radiographically, the effect of neuromuscular deprogramming, through the use of an upper occlusal splint, on the craniocervical position. Neuromuscular deprogramming was performed in order to carry out orthodontic diagnosis with the mandible in centric relation (CR), according to Roth’s philosophy. Thirthy nine asymptomatic individuals, presenting Angle's Class I malocclusion, were evaluated. The sample was allocated into two groups, the control or untreated group (n=15), with mean age of 26 years, that was followed about 6 months and 17 days, and the treated group (n=24), with mean age of 23 years and 10 months. Two lateral radiographs in natural head position (NHP) were taken from each subject, one before and the other one after neuromuscular deprogramming. The average usage period of the occlusal splint was 6 months and 7 days. Craniocervical cephalometric analysis was carried out by evaluating the craniovertical (SN/VER), craniocervical (OPT/SN and CVT/SN), and cervicohorizontal (OPT/HOR and CVT/HOR) angles, as well as the angle of the cervical curve (OPT/CVT). No significant changes were seen in the control group. It was concluded that there was a significant extension of the head, both in relation to the true vertical line, as demonstrated by the increase of the SN/VER angle, and to the cervical column, as demonstrated by the increase of the CVT/SN angle. Likewise, the cervical column showed significant backward inclination in relation to the true horizontal line, as demonstrated by increase of the CVT/HOR angle. No significant alteration of the cervical curve was observed. In addition, significant correlation coefficients were observed between the differences of the pre- and post-deprogramming values of the measurements the measurements SN/VER and OPT/HOR, SN/VER and CVT/HOR, SN/VER and CVT/SN, OPT/CVT and OPT/HOR, OPT/CVT and OPT/SN, OPT/HOR and CVT/HOR, OPT/HOR and OPT/SN, and OPT/SN and CVT/SN.

Push is an Internet technology, which allow people to subscribe to a content- or service provider that automatically update the subscriber?s computer or Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) with the latest information without having the subscriber to first request for new information. The Ericsson Mobile Positioning Center (MPC) is a gateway that provides geographical positions of mobile stations to various applications. This Master Thesis gives the reader an overview of these technologies and presents an alternative way in integrating a third part Push-solution with the MPC. The integration proposal is also evaluated against the current Push functionality that Ericsson has developed and integrated into the MPC. / Push är en Internetteknik som ger Internetanslutna användare möjlighet att abbonnera på automatisk nyhetsuppdatering från olika informationskällor direkt till deras dator utan att användaren behöver efterfråga densamma upprepade gånger. Ericsson Mobile Positioning Center (MPC) är en gateway vilken förser olika nyhetstjänster den geografiska positionen av en mobiltelefon. Denna Magisteruppsats ger en översikt inom båda dessa områden samt presenterar ett förslag på hur dessa tekniker kan integreras. Integrationsförslaget jämförs även med den lösning Ericsson själva har valt att implementera. / Stellan Boström Adress: Vendesgatan 1B Tel: 044-218793 / 0733-228105 E-mail: stellan_bostrom@hotmail.com

I dagens samhälle har Geografiska Informations System (GIS) blivit allt mer integrerade inom tekniken och kan appliceras inom alla situationer då position är tillgänglig. Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka de befintliga metoderna som hanterar tidsinformation inom GIS och att hitta en sätt som underlättar hantering av tidsinformation på ett nytt sätt. Resultatet av detta arbete är en applikationsmodell som föreslår ett alternativt sätt att skapa och lägga till tidstämplar för geodatainformation, samt hur dessa kan hanteras inom applikationssystemet. Det har även skapats en demo webbapplikation som visualiserar ett alternativt sätt att söka efter data utifrån de nyskapade tidsstämplarna.

Theoretical part of dissertation was focused to defined concept teacher and his social and economic position. These concepts were focused from professional literature and law of Czech Republic. Practical part then is turn on in first line on the research of teacher's job. Some of them refer to prestige of teacher, another generally teachers position, his intensity and complexity, another was devoted education system universally. The second part explores from qualitative research of some respondents their attitudes and opinions to teachers position. The target of thesis was compare of idea trainees with conclusion, where was found out from researches of teachers job and professional literature. The thesis come to the conclusion in teacher's prestige and together was alert to some phenomenon, where are charted but not appropriately resolved. KEYWORDS teacher, social and economic position of the teacher, salary, prestige