Tidigare forskning har visat att empatin är viktig för arbetare inom vården, så att de kan ge gensvar på kundernas upplevelser. Syftet var att undersöka om det finns skillnader i empati och vad de kan bero på hos kvinnor i vården. Studien använder Davis (1983) mätinstrument IRI som delades ut i pappersformat samt elektroniskt. Studien bestod av 108 kvinnor från olika städer i Sverige. Resultatet visade att (1) de som arbetat länge inom vården har högre perspektivtagande men mindre fantasi, än de som arbetat kortare tid,(2) personer från andra länder, än tre nordiska, känner mer personlig oro, (3) chefer har mer perspektivtagande än undersköterskor, (4) ingen skillnad visade sig i empati beroende på om personer har syskon, eller vilken syskonplacering de har. Förklaring till att perspektivtagande är högre hos dem som arbetat länge, kan bl.a. vara att människor som är äldre har erfarenheter och kunskaper om livet.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Measuring the roll rate or roll position of a rolling airframe can be difficult. Some of the smaller missiles, which have roll rates in excess of 20 revolutions per second, have the least amount of room for a roll sensor such as a laser ring gyro or a quartz rate sensor. The large roll rates coupled with the rate sensor’s resolution can cause large errors in just a few seconds. The cost for these devices can be very high. The roll problem on rolling airframes has been solved by using two magnetic sensors that are 90 degrees out of phase from each other to measure the roll. The cost of the sensor is approximately $15 and is packaged in a 20-pin-surface-mount device. This paper addresses the design and the data processing algorithm to produce roll position. The sensor and algorithm were checked for accuracy on a CARCO table.

This dissertation describes the development of an assist-device aimed to deliver 3D graphic information to the visually impaired people. A human-in-loop approach was used to analyze whether a virtual 3D shape can be transferred correctly to the human users.The proposed device in this dissertation consists of two major parts: (a) A system of position sensors for real time localization based on magnetization, and (b) A single vibratory actuator working at varied frequencies based on its real time location. The error bound of the position measurement was tested to be 2 mm, which defined the machine resolution of the shape display. In order to realize the refresh rate of the localization that can follow user's scanning speed, the parallel data processing sequences for computer and microcontroller were designed. Additionally, vibratory electromagnetic (EM) actuators were discussed based on eddy current and permanent magnet methods. The simulation study showed that eddy current method was not applicable for millimeter size coil. Accordingly, the permanent magnet method was developed and the force detection threshold of human tactile perceptions was studied.Virtual shape perception experiments were made with participation of 3 volunteers who were not aware of the 3D shape information prior to the tests. Based on the four sets of shape tests, we conclude that the majority of the shape information is able to be delivered to users by using the proposed device. Difficulties for perceiving the local sharp profile e.g. thin plates and large curvature in small shapes may be better addressed by multiple actuators simultaneously providing shape information in the local boundary detection.The major contribution of this dissertation is the 3D shape display implemented by a miniature and low cost device. The developed device utilizes both passive stimulation and active search so that a commonly used large scale actuators matrix based on mere active touch method is avoided. The studies on the required force/energy input from the actuator showed that EM actuators can be miniaturized to millimeter scale without sacrificing the ability to induce tactile stimulation. Additional uniqueness of the proposed system is the ability to present hollow features, which is impossible to display by the existing devices.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1992 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / The GPS Satellite System provides precise determination of time, space, and position of aerospace (airborne) vehicles during flight and flight test situations. The cost of "GPS" equipment has been decreasing dramatically -- a phenomenon similar to that which was experienced with "hand held" calculators 20 years or so ago. By the use of a multigain (and beam) antenna and GPS, a very low cost single axis system can be utilized for reception of telemetry and at the same time to provide accurate position, velocity, and acceleration information concerning the airborne vehicle.

The purpose of the present study is to attempt to ascertain whether ordinal position is an indicator of social introversion as measured by number of organizations joined in families of a maximum of three children.

Faculty of Health Sciences Degree of Master of Science in Physiotherapy 9601486g / A study was conducted to determine the optimum position of the handlebar on the Johnny G. Spinning® bicycle to reduce low back pain in cyclists participating in a Spinning® class. A three period open label cross over design, involving thirty six subjects was conducted. Each subject participated in three Spinning® classes with a different handlebar height at each session. The saddle angle, saddle post height and fore/aft position of the saddle remained fixed to eliminate variability. The cyclists’ pain perception was measured via the Visual Analogue Scale, Lickert Scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. The results were analysed with respect to the change in the mean and standard deviation of the Visual Analogue Scale, the Lickert scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. The significance of the study was set at the 0.05 level. A zero value was recorded with respect to pain experienced by the cyclists during a Spinning® class on the VAS, Lickert scale and on the McGill Pain scale, when the handlebars were placed in the high handlebar height position on the Spinning® bicycle; this is the most important outcome of the study conducted. In conclusion, there is a statistically meaningful difference (p<0.001) between the mean values of pain recorded by participants of the low handlebar height compared to the normal handlebar height, with the normal handlebar height being the better position. The standard deviation remains relatively constant. No pain was recorded on the VAS, Lickert scale and on the McGill Pain scale when the handlebars were placed in the high handlebar height position on the Spinning® bicycle. The results of the study indicate that the high handlebar height position is the best position for participants in a Spinning® class.

This thesis is an examination of the ways in which, in what Bourdieu theorises as the 'space of literary or artistic position-takings', Gertrude Stein has been continually positioned and repositioned, constructed and reconstructed: by writers in her own period, in modernism scholarship, and, particularly, by writers staking their claim as the literary avant-garde of the late 20th and early 21st Centuries.1 Since her recuperation by the Language Poets in the 1970s, and in the literary histories proposed by Marjorie Perloff and others, Stein has been positioned as the originator of an alternative avant-garde genealogy which has resisted the 'institutionalised' modernism of the New Critics. This legacy continues to the present day in claims by writers like Kenneth Goldsmith that she is a precursor for Conceptual Writing. Because they are predicated on Stein's resistance to the institution of modernism, and hinge on her removal from its history, none of these arguments discuss in any detail Stein's relationship to the historical movement which is the immediate context for her work - to the institution of modernism itself or to the institutions with which it engages. My thesis challenges the removal of Stein from her milieu by showing how her textual production must be read alongside her activity on her contemporary scene and her representation of and by other modernists. In the thesis, I re-read Stein's work as a series of explicit interventions in the institutions which form the context of the cultural production of the early 20th Century. In doing so, I consider the motivations for the reconstructions and repositionings of Stein, tracing the historiography of her presentation as an exceptional figure dislocated from her context.

This thesis deals with the topic of money management and various methods of its use in trading on the stock markets. The work tries to show the important role played by money management and how such discipline can fundamentally change the behavior of business systems. There is also pointed out the importance of reconciling money management and psychological factors of a trader. In the practical part, I work with real data from the Commodity Exchange and by using Monte Carlo analysis I simulate how a suitable money management can gigantically affect the overall system performance.