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The Brain at War: Stress-Related Losses and Recovery-RelatedButler, Oisin 10 May 2019 (has links)
Stress ist Teil unseres Lebens und unsere Stressreaktion oft adaptiv. Unter extremen
Bedingungen oder chronischem Stress kann diese Stressantwort jedoch maladaptiv werden
und das Gehirn, Verhalten und Kognition negativ beeinflussen. Die Erfahrung von
militärischen Kampfeinsatz ist eine spezifische Form von anhaltendem Stress, die aufgrund
einer zunehmenden Anzahl und zunehmender Intensität militärischer Konflikte auf der
ganzen Welt an Bedeutung gewinnt.
In der vorliegenden Dissertation untersuche ich stressbedingte Verluste und
erholungsbedingte Gewinne der grauen Hirnsubstanz, hauptsächlich in militärischen
Populationen. Diese Dissertation trägt auf vier Wegen zum Wissen über die Beziehung
zwischen Stress und Gehirn bei: Sie untersucht (a) den Zusammenhang zwischen
Stressbelastung und Gehirn in subklinischen Populationen, (b) mögliche funktionelle
Mechanismen für die Entwicklung und Aufrechterhaltung von Posttraumatischer
Belastungsstörung (PTBS) bedingt durch militärischen Einsatz, (c) Veränderungen im
Volumen der grauen Substanz nach therapeutischen Interventionen für einsatzbedingte PTBS,
und (d) die neuronalen Korrelate der Symptomübertreibung in PTBS.
Die Dissertation ist publikationsorientiert und besteht aus sechs Artikeln. Zum
Zeitpunkt der Einreichung sind Artikel I, Artikel II, Artikel III und Artikel IV veröffentlicht.
Artikel V und Artikel VI wurden eingereicht und werden derzeit überprüft. / Stress is an unavoidable part of life and the stress response is often highly adaptive. However,
under conditions of extreme or chronic stress, the stress response can become maladaptive
and can negatively impact the brain, behavior, and cognition. Combat exposure is a specific
instantiation of prolonged stress, and one that is growing in relevance due to an increasing
number and escalating intensity of military conflicts across the globe. In this dissertation, I
investigate stress-related losses and recovery-related gains in gray matter volume, mainly in
combat-exposed military populations.
The present dissertation contributes to knowledge about the relationship between
stress and the brain in four ways: (a) it investigates the relationship between stress exposure
and the brain in subclinical populations, (b) it investigates potential functional mechanisms
for the development and maintenance of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD),
(c) it investigates alterations in grey matter volume following therapeutic interventions for
combat-related PTSD, and (d) it investigates the neural correlates of symptom exaggeration in
PTSD.
The dissertation is publication-orientated and consists of six papers. At the time of
submission, Paper I, Paper II, Paper III and Paper IV have been published. Paper V and
Paper VI have been submitted and are currently under review.
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Ovid's Tristia as Testimony to TraumaNeely, Elizabeth Talbot January 2021 (has links)
No description available.
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Emergency workers' reactions to traumatic incidents.Georgiou, Illeana January 1997 (has links)
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Bachelor of Arts
(Masters). / As the past decade has witnessed a growing interest in the nature, causes and management of stress
reactions in emergency workers, the present study examined emergency workers' reactions to traumatic
work related incidents.
Furthermore, although Job Dissatisfaction and Increased levels of Turnover have been identified in
literature and research on emergency workers as being behavioural manifestations of the traumatic stress
associated with emergency work, the effect of occupational trauma on these variables has not been
documented extensively in trauma literature or research. A second aim of the study was therefore to
provide further insight into the effects of work related trauma on these constructs. Moreover, although
literature on emergency workers has not documented the impact of occasional trauma on Job
Involvement, the present study undertook to examine the effects of trauma on tnis construct. The study
was considered to be exploratory in this regard. By examining how exposure to occupational trauma
impacts on Job Satisfaction, Job involvement and Propensity to Leave, it was hoped that this will lead to a
better understanding of the effects of occupational trauma and its implications for employees and
organisations alike.
One hundred full-time paramedics completed a self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire also included
questions to obtain demographic variables as it has been documented that the relationship between
exposure to traumatic events and the expression of distress is constructed by personal factors. In addition,
qualitative data pertaining to the constructs under investigation was obtained from 30 paramedics.
The reported symptoms revealed that 17% of the sample was suffering from rrso. Correlational
analyses using a non-experimental, cross-sectional design, revealed a significant relationship between
PTSD and Job Satisfaction. A non-significant relationship was found between PTSD and both Job
Involvement and Propensity to Leave, Of the demographic variables measured, stepwise regression
analysis. revealed that gender and previous exposure to trauma were the most efficient predictors of PTSD
Content Analyses performed on the qualitative data indicated that paramedics were subjected to numerous
job stressors which seemed to associated to Job Involvement and Propensity to Leave.
The results of the study are discussed with respect of the literature reviewed and limitations and
implications of these findings are discussed thereafter. Lastly implications of the present study for future
research are presented. / Andrew Chakane 2018
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Péče o přeživší holokaust a její specifika / The Care of the Holocaust Survivors and its SpecificsPončová, Radka January 2010 (has links)
The master's thesis called The Care of the Holocaust Survivors and its Specifics is divided into a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is based on a premise that the specifics of the Holocaust survivors' care have three resources: the Holocaust trauma, the age of the elderly survivors, and Judaism. This part of the thesis discusses the Holocaust aspects and its impacts on the psyche of the survived victims, especially focusing on post-traumatic stress disorder as well as the consequences for the next generation, the children of survived Jews. Moreover, the following issues are examined: Judaism and the community life, the system of the special care of those survived, with regard to social and psychological services. The next chapter concentrates on the specification of this care differences and also of the elderly needs. The second, practical part of the thesis is based on the qualitative research conducted by the method of interviews with experts working with the target group of the survivors. The half- structured interviews imply that the survivors form a group of clients whose needs are partly different from the common elderly population and for whom the care reacting to their needs is preferable by most experts. However, it is impossible to generalise; each elderly who has not...
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Humping it on their Backs: A Material Culture Examination of the Vietnam Veterans’ Experience as Told Through the Objects they CarriedHerman, Thomas S. 05 1900 (has links)
The materials of war, defined as what soldiers carry into battle and off the battlefield, have much to offer as a means of identifying and analyzing the culture of those combatants. The Vietnam War is extremely rich in culture when considered against the changing political and social climate of the United States during the 1960s and 70s. Determining the meaning of the materials carried by Vietnam War soldiers can help identify why a soldier is fighting, what the soldier’s fears are, explain certain actions or inactions in a given situation, or describe the values and moral beliefs that governed that soldier’s conduct. “Carry,” as a word, often refers to something physical that can be seen, touched, smelled, or heard, but there is also the mental material, which does not exist in the physical space, that soldiers collect in their experiences prior to, during, and after battle. War changes the individual soldier, and by analyzing what he or she took (both physical and mental), attempts at self-preservation or defense mechanisms to harden the body and mind from the harsh realities of war are revealed. In the same respect, what the soldiers brought home is also a means of preservation; preserving those memories of their experiences adds validity and meaning to their experiences. An approach employing aspects of psychology, sociology, and cultural theory demonstrates that any cookie-cutter answer or characterization of Vietnam veterans is unstable at best, and that a much more complex picture develops from a multidisciplinary analysis of the soldiers who fought the war in Vietnam.
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A mutual aid group programme for emergency personnelMbutho, Sheron Lindiwe January 2004 (has links)
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Psychology University of Zululand, 2004. / This report presents the findings of a study conducted in 2003-2004, involving eight members of emergency services in Stanger, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. The emergency personnel included five firefighters and three paramedics.
The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate a mutual aid group programme in order to prevent symptoms of trauma, with special reference to anxiety and depression, and promote psychological well-being in emergency personnel.
Emergency personnel are exposed to traumatic events during the line of duty. The study investigated stressors, which were identified as organizational, management style, ineffective communication, stressors relating to patient care (personal loss, traumatic stimuli, high expectations) and low job and high workloads.
The study also investigated psychological, physical and social effects of emergency work. Psychological effects that were identified were mental illnesses such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Symptoms included irritability, anger, frustration, hopelessness, helplessness, fear and anxiety. Physical effects included fatigue, difficulty breathing, startle response, nausea, trembling and racing heart. Social problems such as conflicts with family, friends and colleagues were also identified.
The study provided group members with the ability to identify symptoms of trauma and accept vulnerability, which served as important preventative measures for mental illness. The group created a safe atmosphere where members were able to share their feelings without the fear of being judged. It also provided members with new coping strategies for dealing with their feelings.
Regarding further support systems the group members identified an ongoing need for help via psychologists, psychological debriefing and support from management, family as well as the community. / National Research Foundation
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Stigma, Help-Seeking Behaviors, and Use of Services Among College Students with Self-Reported Posttraumatic Stress DisorderFeagin, Angelina Marie 01 January 2019 (has links)
People experiencing mental health illnesses such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who do not receive mental health treatment services (MHTS) are at a higher risk of committing crimes. The research problem of this study was to fill the gap in the literature concerning gender, sex at birth, and gender identity differences as predictors of attitudes toward perceived stigma in help-seeking behavior (HSB) and use of MHTS. The sample size included 5,000 participants in the de-identified secondary data set of students from 26 universities and colleges across the United States. The Healthy Minds Study collected these data in 2016-2017 using the Patient Health Questionnaire. To address the research questions guiding the study, one-way ANOVA was used to test for differences in groups based on sexual orientation and gender identity for measures of perception of stigma, use of MHTS, and HSB regarding receiving mental health services. Between groups, MANOVA was used to assess differences in groups based on gender identity and sexual orientation on a linear combination of the dependent measures of perception of stigma in use of MHTS and HSB. There were directional differences between groups based on independent variables gender and sexual orientation on measures of the dependent variables perception of stigma in use of MHTS and of HSB. However, a closer examination of the results indicated that the effect size associated with the directional differences was weak. The results from this study may help clinicians to identify treatment challenges related to biological sex and gender identity and help to influence future interventions to better accommodate the contemporary population of men and women experiencing symptoms of PTSD.
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Equine Facilitated Psychotherapy for Veteran Survivors With Full or Partial PTSDMayfield, Mark Aaron 01 January 2016 (has links)
Symptom severity among veteran survivors with partial or full posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) continues to increase, with approximately 40% of U.S. veterans reporting significant symptomology 10 years after initial onset of the condition. Veteran survivors often struggle to find therapeutic interventions that meet their specific needs and have a difficult time maintaining a therapy that is both equitable and evidenced based. Grounded in the Rogerian, client-centered theory, the purpose of this qualitative collective exploratory case study was to explore the effects of equine-facilitated psychotherapy with 3 veteran survivors with partial or full PTSD. A 4-stage process was used to collect data, including initial semistructured interviews, observations, photo-interviews, and researcher interpretations of photo-interviews. Data were transcribed, analyzed, and coded into within-case themes and cross case-themes. The principle findings revealed that veteran survivors with partial or full PTSD engaged in an equine-facilitated psychotherapy program had both here-and-now experiences and relational connection experiences with the horse. Many other significant details provided insight into the veteran participants' experiences with equine-facilitated psychotherapy, such as trust, connection, nonverbal communication, awareness, peace, decompression, communication, empathic reflection, congruence, reciprocity, concern, respect, and selflessness. These findings provide social change implications that may inform mental health professionals and counselor educators about the benefits of equine-facilitated psychotherapy with veteran survivors with partial or full posttraumatic stress disorder; the findings also provide structure to the use of equine-facilitated psychotherapy as an adjunct and/or alternative to traditional posttraumatic stress disorder treatments.
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Patienters upplevelser av kontakten med hälso- och sjukvården vid posttraumatiskt stressyndrom : en litteraturöversikt / Patients ́ experience of contact with health care in post- traumatic stress disorder : a literature reviewAlizadeh, Amir, Kassem, Elisar January 2021 (has links)
No description available.
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The Effects of Resilience and Self-Compassion on Symptoms of Stress and Growth Resulting from Combat Exposure in Service MembersRaiche, Emily M. 05 1900 (has links)
The current study examined the impact of resilience and self-compassion on the relationship between combat exposure and psychological outcomes, specifically post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth. Service members and veterans with combat exposure (N = 143) completed an online survey, through which they were administered a Background Questionnaire, the Combat Exposure Scale, the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Self-Compassion Scale. Results of a path analysis revealed a positive direct effect of combat exposure on post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth and a negative direct effect of self-compassion on post-traumatic stress symptoms. Furthermore, self-compassion moderated the relationship between combat exposure and post-traumatic growth. Implications of these findings and future directions for research are discussed.
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