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Men as well as women are affected by the life-changing events of pregnancy and childbirth. The nature of fatherhood and the role of the male in the birthing process have undergone significant changes in the past several decades. While this phenomenon has been well-documented regarding the changes a father experiences during a healthy pregnancy and birth, there is little research that addresses the implications for the man when his spouse or partner is diagnosed with postpartum depression. Approximately 10 to 20% of birth mothers are affected by some form of this disorder (Greenberg & Springen, 2001). The literature on this topic has grown steadily in an effort to better understand the reasons and implications of such a diagnosis for a woman. This researcher's intent was to identify the perspectives of men whose spouses or partners were diagnosed with postpartum depression. Understanding this situation from their perspectives can represent information regarding the effects of postpartum depression on the interpersonal relationship and, secondarily, the family unit. In particular, relationship strains between the men and their spouses or partners and the impact on the adjustment to having an infant to care for were explored. Medical records were reviewed in a medical practice for significant scores on the mother's Edinburgh Postnatal Screening Scale. After a series of elimination steps, seven men were identified and willing to participate in the research. In an hour-long interview, the men discussed their experience with their spouse/partner's postpartum depression. Field notes were taken before, during and immediately following the interviews to add clarification, using nonverbal responses to the setting and interview questions. The transcripts of the interviews were coded to identify common categories, which in turn generated themes of emotional deregulation, seeking normalcy, understanding self, and disappointment. Anger was noted by the seven men as a response on several levels to the postpartum depression. In addition to anger, frustration was expereinced with the lack of information received and the lack of response from the medical community as a whole. Several of the men reported surprise at their previous emotions resurfacing so readily when answering the interview questions. / Ph. D.

Thesis (D.N.S.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / This study examined the effect that maternal post partum depressive affect had on an infant's affective development at three months of age. A sample of 26 mother-infant pairs, 13 with maternal depressive symptomatology and 13 with no depressive symptomatology were compared for differences in infant affective regulation and affective responses during an age appropriate stressful interaction - the still-face interaction. The implications of this data and the potential complexity of the relationship between maternal depressive affect and infant coping behavior are discussed. Recommendations for further propective research are proposed. [TRUNCATED] / 2999-01-01

Hemorragia pós-parto (HPP) é tradicionalmente definida como perda sanguínea maior ou igual a 500 ml em partos vaginais e acima de 1000 ml em partos cesarianos e/ou queda de 10% do hematócrito comparado ao exame feito à admissão da parturiente e/ou sangramento importante que requeira hemotransfusão. Estima-se que 25 a 30% das mortes maternas são decorrentes da HPP. Além disso, este quadro pode causar impacto na qualidade de vida de mulheres e neonatos, devido às complicações, além da necessidade de intervenções. Objetivo: Estimar prevalência de HPP, efeito do tipo de parto e intervenções obstétricas sobre os valores hematimétricos (hematócrito e hemoglobina) em uma amostra de mulheres primíparas atendidas em hospital de ensino. Metodologia: A amostra constituiu-se de 100 primíparas, independente da via de parto. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de dados retrospectivos obtidos de prontuários (impresso e eletrônico), cartão de pré-natal, dentre outras fontes de consulta, respaldadas por formulário testado previamente em estudo piloto. Resultados: A prevalência de HPP na amostra de estudo foi de 16%. Através da análise simples (teste F), encontrou-se significância estatística para as seguintes variáveis: diabetes, síndromes hipertensivas, anemia diagnosticada durante a gestação, analgesia, tipo de parto e peso do recém-nascido. Porém através da regressão linear múltipla, observou-se significância apenas para as variáveis: diabetes e analgesia. Mulheres portadoras de diabetes apresentaram maiores perdas hemáticas; enquanto que mulheres que realizaram analgesia durante o trabalho de parto, apresentaram menores perdas. Dentre as complicações mais frequentes no período compreendido do puerpério imediato à alta hospitalar detectou-se: necessidade de ocitócito terapêutico adicional (20 UI); nível de hemoglobina < 9 mg/dl; lipotímia; necessidade de suplementação com sulfato ferroso (em dose terapêutica); 22 mulheres apresentaram algum tipo de sintoma (fraqueza, desânimo, entre outros); 62 mulheres apresentaram anemia no período puerperal. Houve correlação positiva (0,89) entre os níveis de queda do hematócrito e da hemoglobina, sendo que para queda de hematócrito >= 10%, a queda de hemoglobina foi de 2,99 mg/dl. Não foram constatadas outras associações significativas. Considerações finais: Acreditamos que a dosagem de hemoglobina e hematócrito 48 horas pós-parto é uma importante ferramenta para auxiliar no diagnóstico precoce e mais fidedigno dos quadros, devendo esta prática ser adotada como rotina nas instituições. Ressaltamos mais uma vez que análise laboratorial não exime o profissional de avaliação clínica rigorosa e minuciosa. Assim, esta prática vem complementar a assistência clínica no puerpério e em hipótese alguma se deve substituí-la. Dada a magnitude do problema e a escassez de estudos sobre a temática acreditamos que todos os trabalhos sobre a questão são louváveis e podem contribuir para a melhoria da assistência ao ciclo gravídico-puerperal. / Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is traditionally defined as blood loss greater than or equal to 500 ml in vaginal parturition and over 1000 ml in cesarean sections and/or 10% drop in hematocrit compared to examination by the admission of the mother and/or major bleeding requiring blood transfusion. It is estimated that 25-30% of maternal deaths are due to PPH. Moreover, this framework can impact quality of life of women, newborns, due to its complications, and the need for interventions. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of PPH and effect of type of delivery and obstetric interventions on the hematological values (hemoglobin and hematocrit) in a sample of primiparous women attended at a teaching hospital. Methodology: The sample consisted of 100 primiparous, regardless of mode of delivery. Data collection was performed with retrospective data obtained from medical records, pregnancy card, among other sources of information, backed-up by a form previously tested in a pilot study. Results: The prevalence of PPH in the study sample was 16%. Through simple analysis (F test), statistical significance was found for the following variables: diabetes, hypertensive disorders, anemia diagnosed during pregnancy, analgesia, mode of delivery and weight of the newborn. But through multiple linear regression, we found significance only for the variables: diabetes and analgesia. Women with diabetes had higher blood loss, whereas women who underwent analgesia during labor, showed smaller losses. The following complications were identified: need for additional oxytocin therapy (20UI), hemoglobin < 9 mg/dl, syncope, need for supplementation with iron (terapheutic dose), 22 women had some type of symptoms (weakness, prostration, etc), 62 women had anemia in the postpartum period. A positive correlation (0.89) between the levels of low hematocrit and hemoglobin, while those for the fall of hematocrit >= 10%, the drop in hemoglobin was 2.99 mg/dl. No association with other variables was found. Final considerations: We believe that dosage of hemoglobin and hematocrit 48 hours after delivery is an important tool for early diagnosis and the most reliable for detection of the frameworks, so, should this practice be adopted as routine in institutions. We emphasize once again that laboratoring testing does not relieve the professional of a rigorous and thorough clinical evaluation. Thus, this practice come to complement the clinical care in puerperium and in no way should replace it. Given the magnitude of the problem and the scarcity of studies on the subject believe that all study on the issue is commendable and may contribute to the improvement of care in pregnancy and childbirth.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Decker School of Nursing, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Postpartum depression (PPD) är ett begrepp som används vid depressioner upp till ett år efter förlossningen. Syftet med studien var att beskriva mödrars upplevelse av PPD. Examensarbetet är en litteraturstudie med deskriptiv design. De 15 kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklarna som ligger till grund för resultatet är hämtade ur databaserna PubMed samt CINAHL. Känslor vid PPD kan förklaras i termer av lidande, förluster och förändringar. Många drabbade var rädda att anses som olämpliga mödrar. De betraktade sig vara fångade i klyftan mellan verkligheten och förväntningarna. Mödrarna anklagade sig själva då dessa inte uppfylldes. Upplevelse av ensamhet var vanligt samt att de inte visste var och till vem de skulle vända sig för att få hjälp. Förtroendet för sjuksköterskan är viktigt för att modern ska våga söka hjälp. Flera kvinnor upplevde ångest och beskrev att känslorna för barnet varierade mellan kärlek och hat. En del kvinnor såg ingen annan utväg än självmord och/eller barnamord, tankar som dessa uppkom särskilt i samband med att ångesten blev för övermäktig att hantera. Det är viktigt att förstå komplexiteten av PPD eftersom symptomen tenderar att hållas dolda. Ett lidande då förväntningarna inte uppfylldes tog sig uttryck i form av känslor av misslyckanden och att känna sig som en oduglig mor. / Postpartum depression (PPD) is a term used for depression up to one year after childbirth. The aim with the study was to describe mothers' experience of PPD. The thesis is a literature review with a descriptive design. The 15 qualitative scientific articles that form the basis of the results are taken from PubMed and CINAHL. Emotions from PPD can be explained in terms of suffering, losses and changes. Many affected were afraid to be regarded as unfit mothers. They considered themselves to be trapped in the gap between reality and expectations. Mothers accused themselves when expectations were not met. Experiences of loneliness were common and they did not know where and who to turn to for help. The mother’s confidence for the nurses was important to dare to seek help. Several women experienced anxiety and described that the feelings for the child varied between love and hate. Some women saw no alternative but suicide and / or infanticide, these thoughts arose particularly in connection with when anxiety became too overwhelming to handle. It is important to understand the complexity of PPD as the symptoms tend to be kept hidden. Suffering when expectations were not met was expressed in form of feelings of failure and feeling like a unfit mother

Thesis (M.S. in pharmacology and toxicology)--Washington State University, May 2010. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 23, 2010). "Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 25-30).

Background: During the early postpartum period, new mothers commonly experience fatigue and depressive symptoms which may affect their ability to function and care for themselves and their newborn. Given the demonstrated positive effects of physical activity on mood and fatigue, the purpose of this study was to describe physical activity levels across late pregnancy and the first three months postpartum, and to determine the associations between physical activity and postpartum functional status, mood, and fatigue at 6- and 12-weeks postpartum. Design: We employed a longitudinal, descriptive study design. Prenatal classes were used to recruit women. Questionnaires containing validated measures of functional status, physical activity, mood, and fatigue were administered at baseline (pregnancy), 6- and 12-weeks postpartum. Results: The sample consisted of 73 primiparous women with a mean age of 30 (+3.7) years. The majority were married (83%), Caucasian (98%), educated (70%) and middle to upper-middle class. Women in this study were physically active, with the majority being moderately active (52%). Few women had low physical activity levels (n = 4-8) throughout the study. Household activities and walking accounted for the majority of physical activity. Women in this study reported moderate levels of fatigue, with fatigue levels decreasing over time. For most postpartum women, mood and fatigue scores improved from six to 12 weeks; however, for 26% of women, scores did not. Self-care and social/community activity subcategories of functional status were the slowest to improve. Women who were low/moderately physically active at six weeks postpartum were three times as likely to have low functional status in comparison to highly physically active women (OR 3.22, 95% CI: 1.07, 9.73). At 12-weeks women with higher mental (OR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.79) and physical fatigue (OR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.40) were more likely to be in the lower functional status group at 12-weeks postpartum. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that high levels of self-reported mental and physical fatigue relate to lower functional status for primiparous women at six and twelve weeks postpartum. Women who are highly physically active at six and twelve weeks postpartum are more likely to have higher functional status, but this effect is influenced by perception of both mental and physical fatigue. / Thesis (Master, Nursing) -- Queen's University, 2011-09-29 15:57:25.901

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Western Australia, 2005.

Alors qu’une maternité heureuse est une aspiration collective, il est établi que de nombreuses femmes souffrent de détresse psychologique dans la période périnatale. Or, la santé psychologique des femmes ne peut être considérée indépendamment de leurs rôles au sein de la société et des normes qui y sont attachées. Ce travail de recherche vise à tester un modèle psychosocial et culturel de compréhension des troubles de l'adaptation à la maternité, (symptômes dépressifs postpartum et burnout). Dans une première étude, différentes étapes auprès de plusieurs populations (N = 250, 22, 474, 249 et 231) ont mené à la validation en langue française d’une échelle de mesure des croyances associées au rôle maternel. Dans un second temps, un suivi longitudinal a été mis en place auprès de femmes rencontrées en fin de grossesse puis à 2 et 4 mois postpartum (N = 129). Ces travaux ont permis d’établir la validité convergente, prédictive et de construit du concept de burnout maternel. Par ailleurs, le poids des caractéristiques psychosociales et normatives du rôle maternel dans le développement de symptômes dépressifs et de burnout a été exploré. Pour finir, des analyses en cluster ont permis de dégager des profils d’articulation, plus ou moins adaptatifs, entre investissement dans la maternité et dans la vie professionnelle. Ces travaux ouvrent des perspectives de recherche concernant le concept de burnout maternel dans la période postpartum et la prise en compte des aspects socio-normatifs du rôle maternel dans la prévention et la prise en charge de ces troubles. / Whereas a happy motherhood is a collective aspiration, it is known that many women are reporting psychological distress during the perinatal period. Yet, women’s psychological health can not be considered regardless of their roles in society and norms associated. This research work aims to test a psychosocial and cultural model to understand adjustment disorder regarding motherhood (postpartum depressive symptoms and burnout). In a first study, various steps with different populations (N = 250, 22, 474, 249 and 231) have led to the validation in French of a scale assessing beliefs associated with the maternal role. Then, a longitudinal follow up was settled with women who were seen during late pregnancy and at 2 and 4 months postpartum (N = 129). This work has served to demonstrate the convergent, predictive and construct validity of maternal burnout. Furthermore, the impact of motherhood psychosocial and normative characteristics in the development of depressive and burnout symptoms have been explored. Finally, cluster analyses were conducted to identify more or less adaptive patterns regarding articulation of investment in motherhood and working life. This research work has opened research avenues regarding maternal burnout in the postpartum period and considerations of socio-normative aspects of the mothering role regarding prevention and care of those troubles.