The birth of a non-racial democracy in South Africa brought many challenges such as the supply of potable water to all societies irrespective of their colour or even location. Migration of people from rural to urban has increased the demand of potable water supply in many areas that were previously neglected by the former Apartheid regime. The increase of the human population in urban or developing areas of South Africa will therefore imply that various public services such as potable water supply, proper housing, electricity supply, schooling and basic health facilities should be provided in an efficient, effective and economic manner. As the resident of Khuma Township, the researcher has a keen interest in the management of potable water supply in this area, inter alia, the nature and extent of the physical environment and the efficiency and effectiveness of a potable water supply as a means of improving service delivery by the Matlosana Local Municipality to Khuma Township. The area has the history of gold mining and the majority of the people from other rural areas and neighbouring states moved into this area and were later joined by their families. This resulted in an increase in the population to a point where people were placed in dangerous areas such as underlying dolomite and along the Koekemoer spruit. For example, extension 6 is known to experience sinkholes due to underground mining activities and the underline dolomite rock. The population has increased in Khuma Township to such an extent that a shortage of potable water supply is been experienced. Khuma Township had one water reservoir for the past 40 years and Matlosana Local Municipality did not improve or developed infrastructure related to potable water supply to be able to cater for the increasing population of this area. An empirical study was conducted in among the residents of Khuma Township, Matlosana Local Municipality and role-players in the management of potable water supply. From this study, it was evident that the supply of potable water in Khuma Township is insufficient, and there was poor communication, cooperation and participation between Matlosana Local Municipality and the residents of Khuma Township. The ineffective management of potable water supply in Khuma Township by the Matlosana Local Municipality as well as ignoring the significance of settling people in a safe area that is free from water pollution, sinkholes and underlying dolomite rock left a lot to be desired. The researcher arrived at logical conclusions and recommendations with regard to all aspects related to future management of potable water supply in Khuma Township. / M Development and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This mini–dissertation addresses the management of the potable water supply in the Mkhwanazi Tribal Authority's area of jurisdiction. The main objectives of the study were to determine the organisational structures and public policies governing the potable water supply in the uMhlathuze Local Municipality with a view to establishing the factors that hinder the provision of potable water to some parts of the Mkhwanazi Tribal Area and also determine how the present potable water situation is perceived by the MTA residents. The Mkhwanazi Tribal Authority's area of jurisdiction is predominantly a residential area for the Zulu speaking people under the uMhlathuze Local Municipality's area of responsibility in the Province of KwaZulu–Natal. The organisational structures governing the potable water supply in the MTA identified in the study are the ULM comprising of the Municipal Council and the administrative; Integrated Development Plan; Water Services Provider; Water Committee; and the Mkhwanazi Tribal Council. The provision of potable water in the MTA is regulated through the UMhlathuze Water Services By–Laws which are based on the standards of basic water and sanitation in terms of the White Paper on Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) (SA, 1994:17). The study established that the challenges affecting the potable water supply are the lack of funds in the Municipality, rising water demand, human capacity and water loss. The MTA residents appreciate the current potable water supply by the ULM but have a negative attitude towards paying for water services because they consider water as a natural resource that must be freely supplied to them by the Government. Therefore, the study recommended that water awareness campaigns be conducted regularly amongst the MTA community to raise the importance of having potable water in the community. / Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

This mini–dissertation addresses the management of the potable water supply in the Mkhwanazi Tribal Authority's area of jurisdiction. The main objectives of the study were to determine the organisational structures and public policies governing the potable water supply in the uMhlathuze Local Municipality with a view to establishing the factors that hinder the provision of potable water to some parts of the Mkhwanazi Tribal Area and also determine how the present potable water situation is perceived by the MTA residents. The Mkhwanazi Tribal Authority's area of jurisdiction is predominantly a residential area for the Zulu speaking people under the uMhlathuze Local Municipality's area of responsibility in the Province of KwaZulu–Natal. The organisational structures governing the potable water supply in the MTA identified in the study are the ULM comprising of the Municipal Council and the administrative; Integrated Development Plan; Water Services Provider; Water Committee; and the Mkhwanazi Tribal Council. The provision of potable water in the MTA is regulated through the UMhlathuze Water Services By–Laws which are based on the standards of basic water and sanitation in terms of the White Paper on Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) (SA, 1994:17). The study established that the challenges affecting the potable water supply are the lack of funds in the Municipality, rising water demand, human capacity and water loss. The MTA residents appreciate the current potable water supply by the ULM but have a negative attitude towards paying for water services because they consider water as a natural resource that must be freely supplied to them by the Government. Therefore, the study recommended that water awareness campaigns be conducted regularly amongst the MTA community to raise the importance of having potable water in the community. / Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Der Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist eine neue Optimierungsmethode zur Minimierung der Produktkosten von Kraftwerksprozessen ohne und mit nachgeschalteten Anwendungen. Diese Methode, die Planern und Projektanten als Werkzeug zur Auslegung von Kraftwerken dienen soll, wird erläutert und exemplarisch zur Optimierung eines ausgewählten Gas- und Dampfturbinenkraftwerkes verwendet. Im Rahmen der Untersuchungen werden dabei zwei Varianten betrachtet: Der Kraftwerksentwurf/-betrieb ohne und mit Auskopplung von Energie- und Stoffströmen. Beim Kraftwerksentwurf/-betrieb mit Auskopplung von Energie- und Stoffströmen wird das Gas- und Dampfturbinenkraftwerk mit einer nachgeschalteten hybriden Meerwasserentsalzungsanlage verknüpft. Zur Identifizierung der jeweils zu optimierenden Komponenten/Parameter werden bei der neuen Methode Elemente der thermo- bzw. exergoökonomischen Analyse und der Sensitivitäts- und Trendlinienanalysen verwendet. Die Optimierung selbst folgt dem Koordinatenverfahren nach Gauß und Seidel. Anhand der Optimierungsergebnisse und der Kriterien ’Auswahl/Beitrag der Komponenten/Parameter’ sowie ’Rechenumfang’ wird die neue Optimierungsmethode mit bekannten thermo- bzw. exergoökonomischen Optimierungsmethoden (Quadranten-/Matrix-Methode, thermo-/exergoökonomische Kennzahlen-Methode) verglichen und bewertet. Zur Ergebnisdiskussion werden Parameterstudien erstellt. Abschließend werden Empfehlungen zur Gestaltung des untersuchten Gas- und Dampfturbinenkraftwerkes gegeben und Ansätze für weiterführende Forschungsarbeiten in der Kraftwerkstechnik abgeleitet.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GuillermoVEC_TESE.pdf: 6213025 bytes, checksum: d3b714c7e267456f45d8fb37e52fccfd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Brazil has vast amounts of hydric resources, whose quality has been deteriorating due to pollutant dumping. Household waste disposal is one of the main sources of water pollution, stimulating bacteria proliferation and introducing microorganisms, including those from fecal matter. Conventional water disinfection methods are a solution, but on the downside, they lead to the formation byproducts hazardous to human health. In this study, aiming to develop bactericidal filters for the disinfection of drinking water; silver nanoparticles were deposited on alumina foams through three routes: sputtering DC, dip coating and in situ chemical reduction of silver nitrate. The depositions were characterized through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and EDS element mapping. The influence of the depositions on permeability and mechanical properties of the ceramic foams was assessed and, in sequence, a preliminary antibacterial efficiency analysis was carried out. Characterization results indicate that the chemical reduction routes were efficient in depositing homogeneously distributed silver particles and that the concentration of the metallic precursor salt affects size and morphology of the particles. The antibacterial efficiency analysis indicates that the chemical reduction filters have potential for water disinfection / O Brasil apresenta vastos recursos h?dricos cuja qualidade tem deteriorado como consequ?ncia do despejo de poluentes. A descarga de res?duos domiciliares ? uma das principais fontes de polui??o dos mananciais, estimulando a prolifera??o de bact?rias e inserindo outros microrganismos, incluindo aqueles oriundos de mat?ria fecal. O tratamento ou purifica??o da ?gua residencial se apresenta como solu??o, entretanto os m?todos tradicionais de desinfec??o da ?gua t?m sido contestados por conduzirem ? forma??o de subst?ncias prejudiciais ? sa?de humana. No presente estudo, com o intuito de desenvolver filtros com a??o bactericida para desinfec??o de ?gua para consumo humano, nanopart?culas de prata foram depositadas em s?lidos celulares cer?micos de alumina atrav?s de tr?s rotas distintas: sputtering DC, dip coating e redu??o qu?mica in loco de nitrato de prata. As deposi??es foram caracterizadas por difra??o de raios-X (DRX), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) e mapeamento por espectrometria por dispers?o de energia de raios-X (EDS). A influ?ncia da deposi??o sobre as propriedades mec?nicas e de permeabilidade do s?lido celular cer?mico foi avaliada, sendo posteriormente executada uma an?lise preliminar de efici?ncia antibacteriana. Os resultados da caracteriza??o indicam que as rotas via redu??o qu?mica in loco de nitrato de prata foram eficientes na deposi??o de part?culas homogeneamente distribu?das e que a concentra??o do precursor met?lico afeta o tamanho e a morfologia das part?culas. A an?lise de efici?ncia antibacteriana indica que os filtros confeccionados por redu??o qu?mica apresentam potencial para a desinfec??o de ?gua para consumo humano

The present article aims to review the development of universal access to potable water in Peru, for this, firstly it analyses the regulations applicable to potable water and sanitation, the main actors of the activity and universal access policy. Subsequently, it explains how the access of all users to potable water in urban and rural areas, respectively is planned. / En el presente artículo se da cuenta del desarrollo del acceso universal al agua potable en el Perú. Para conseguir ello, previamente, se analiza el régimen jurídico del agua potable y saneamiento, los principales actores de la actividad y la política de acceso universal. Esto permite, posteriormente, explicar cómo es que se ha previsto conseguir el acceso de todos los usuarios al agua potable en los sectores urbanos y rurales, respectivamente.

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-01T17:20:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ ADAILTON LIMA SILVA - TESE (PPGRN) 2017.pdf: 6315966 bytes, checksum: ca1d3dc8490aae77fa90c914695bb644 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-01T17:20:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ ADAILTON LIMA SILVA - TESE (PPGRN) 2017.pdf: 6315966 bytes, checksum: ca1d3dc8490aae77fa90c914695bb644 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Capes / As condições edafoclimáticas do semiárido brasileiro têm conduzido à escassez de água, a qual tem contribuído para que inúmeras famílias rurais consumam água de má qualidade que, por vezes, estão com elevados níveis de sais ou contaminadas por microrganismos patógenos. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar, de forma comparativa, como o uso de um condensador acoplado a um dessalinizador solar poderia aumentar a oferta de água potável às famílias rurais que convivem com a escassez hídrica, e com isso obter benefícios socioeconômicos e ambientais. Neste sentido, foram analisados alguns aspectos: i) potencial máximo e mínimo de obtenção de água em função da radiação solar e das temperaturas médias diárias; ii) evidenciar a eficiência do condensador extra na promoção de uma maior obtenção de água potável; iii) analisar o potencial de captação de águas de chuvas adquirido com o uso dos dessalinizadores solar, e investigar possíveis variações de produção de água em função da salinidade da água; iv) averiguar a qualidade/potabilidade das águas antes e depois dos processos de dessalinização e desinfecção com os dessalinizadores solar; e v) diagnosticar os benefícios socioeconômicos e ambientais advindos do uso de dessalinizadores solar no tratamento de águas. Com estas premissas, foi realizada, no Assentamento Olho D’água, município de Seridó-PB, no semiárido paraibano, uma pesquisa experimental e qualiquantitativa, tomando por base: fundamentos teóricos e documentais; visitas técnicas e observações in loco; levantamento de dados e realização de cálculos estatísticos; realização de pesquisas participativas junto às famílias rurais; além da realização de análises laboratoriais de amostras de águas. Com isso, pôde-se observar que: o grande potencial de energia solar disponível localmente torna possível o tratamento de águas salinas; o uso do condensador proporcionou um aumento médio de 42% na obtenção de água advinda do dessalinizador; os dessalinizadores solar mostraram-se eficientes na captação de água de chuva, o que contribuiu para aumentar a oferta de água; a salinidade é um fator que reduz a obtenção de água; e, por fim, os dessalinizadores solar possibilitaram inúmeros benefícios socioeconômicos e ambientais (baixo custo de implantação, fornece água de boa qualidade, contribuiu para a gestão e segurança hídrica, utiliza energia solar limpa e renovável, entre outros.). Assim, concluiu-se que o dessalinizador solar com condensador extra é uma tecnologia social e sustentável para a gestão dos recursos hídricos, isso porque o mesmo mostrou-se ser economicamente viável, socialmente justo/disseminável, e ambientalmente correto. / The soil and climatic conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid region have led to water scarcity, which has contributed to the fact that numerous rural families consume poor quality water that is sometimes high in salts or contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms.. The objective of this study was to evaluate, in a comparative way, how the use of an condenser coupled to a solar desalinator could increase the supply of drinking water to the rural families living with the water shortage, thus obtaining socioeconomic and environmental benefits. In this sense, some aspects were analyzed: i) maximum and minimum potential for obtaining water as a function of solar radiation and average daily temperatures; Ii) to demonstrate the efficiency of the extra condenser prototype in the promotion of a greater obtaining of drinking water; Iii) to analyze the rainwater harvesting potential acquired with the use of solar desalinators, and to investigate possible variations in water production as a function of water salinity; Iv) to check the quality / potability of the water before and after the desalination and disinfection processes with the solar desalinizers; And v) to diagnose the socioeconomic and environmental benefits derived from the use of solar desalinizers in water treatment. With these premises, an experimental and qualiquantitative research was carried out, in the Olho D'água settlement, in the city of Seridó-PB, in the semi-arid region of Paraíba, based on theoretical and documentary foundations; Technical visits and on-site observations; Data collection and statistical calculations; Conducting participatory research with rural families; In addition to performing laboratory analyzes of water samples. Thus, it could be observed that: the great potential of locally available solar energy makes it possible to treat salt water; The use of the extra condenser provided an average increase of 42% in obtaining water from the desalinator; The solar desalinators were efficient in the capture of rainwater, which contributed to increase the supply of water; The salinity is a factor that reduces the obtaining of water; And finally, solar desalinators have provided numerous socio-economic and environmental benefits (low cost of implementation, good quality water, contributed to water management and safety, uses clean and renewable solar energy, among others.). Thus, it was concluded that the solar desalinator with condenser is a social and sustainable technology for the management of water resources, because it has proved to be economically viable, socially fair / disseminable, and environmentally sound.

O desempenho de unidades de flotação por ar dissolvido (FAD) depende significativamente do projeto da zona de contato (ZC) dessas unidades, situada na entrada das mesmas e responsável por promover condições adequadas para que ocorram taxas satisfatórias de colisão entre as microbolhas de ar e os flocos formados na etapa antecedente de floculação da água para abastecimento. Os dois principais parâmetros de projeto da ZC são o tempo de detenção hidráulico ou tempo de contato (Tzc) e o gradiente médio de velocidade na ZC (Gzc). A presente dissertação apresenta os resultados de estudo sobre a influência do Tzc e do Gzc na ZC de uma unidade piloto de flotação por ar dissolvido (UPFAD) com escoamento contínuo aplicada ao tratamento de água para abastecimento. Foram utilizados módulos contendo tela metálica em seu interior com malha de #25 mm com diferentes dimensões, de modo a se obterem diferentes valores de Gzc e Tzc. Foram investigadas duas configurações na unidade de FAD (Configurações A e B), nas quais o comprimento (Lzc) e a altura (Hzc) da ZC foram variados, permitindo a alteração do Tzc e mantendo-se controlados os valores de Gzc (com a introdução ou não de diferentes módulos de tela metálica na ZC) e vice versa. Os demais parâmetros do processo de FAD não sofreram variações, tais como taxa de aplicação superficial (TAS) na zona de separação, tempo de floculação, entre outros. Para a configuração A, foram estudadas três alturas diferentes na ZC e para a configuração B, quatro alturas diferentes na ZC, o que acarretou, para cada valor de Gzc variação do Tzc. Para cada configuração da ZC, também foram testados três valores de vazão de recirculação de água saturada com ar de modo a se obterem três diferentes concentrações de ar (A/V) no processo de flotação. Para todos os parâmetros analisados (Turbidez, Cor, Absorbância), as maiores eficiências de remoção foram obtidas nos ensaios realizados com o uso da tela #25 mm tanto na configuração A (TASzc = 136 m/h e G = 6,1 s-1) quanto na configuração B (TASzc = 87 m/h e G = 3,2 s-1). Os resultados permitem concluir que o par de valores (Tzc, Gzc) é mais apropriado para o projeto da zona de contato de unidades FAD do que o par (Tzc, TASzc) usualmente adotado pelos projetistas, sendo que, na faixa de valores investigados a UPFAD apresentou melhor desempenho para o par: Tzc de 41 s e Gzc de 6,1 s-1. / The performance of units dissolved air flotation (DAF) depend significantly of design on the contact zone (CZ) of these units, situated at the entrance thereof and responsible for promoting appropriate conditions to occur satisfactory collision rates between air microbubbles and the flocs formed in the step of flocculation of potable water. The two main design parameters of the CZ are the hydraulic detention time or contact time (Tcz) and the velocity gradient in the CZ (Gcz). This work presents the results of study of the effects of varying the Tcz and Gcz at the contact zone of pilot unit DAF with continuous flow applied to the treatment of potable water. Were used modules containing metal grille with mesh of #25 mm, with different dimensions in order to obtain different values of Gcz and Tcz. Were investigated two configurations in the unit FAD ( configurations A and B) where the length (Lcz) and height (Hcz) of contact zone were varied, allowing the variation of Tzc and keeping the values of Gcz controlled (with the introduction or not of different modules in the metal grille in CZ) and vice versa, without changes in other process variables FAD, such as rate of surface application (TAS) in the separation zone, flocculation time, among others. For the configuration A were studied three different heights in the CZ and in configuration B, four different heights in the CZ, which resulted, for each value of Gcz (relative to the chosen value of Lcz) the variation of Tzc. For each configuration of CZ were also tested three values of recirculation flow of air saturated in order to obtain three different values of concentration in air (A/V) in the flotation process. For all parameters analyzed (turbidity, color, absorbance), the highest efficiencies were obtained in assays performed using the grille #25 mm, both in configuration A (TAScz = 136 m/h and L = 6,1 s-1) and configuration B (TAScz = 87 m/h and G = 3,2 s-1). The results indicate that the pair of values (Tcz, Gcz) is more suitable for project of the CZ of units FAD than the pair (Tcz, TAScz) usually adopted by the designers, and values in the range investigated in UPFAD showed performed better for Tcz of 41 s and Gcz of 6,1 s-1.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a influência do gradiente médio de velocidade (Gzc), associado ao tempo de detenção hidráulico (tzc) e à taxa de aplicação superficial (TASzc), na zona de contato, na eficiência de clarificação de uma unidade retangular de flotação por ar dissolvido, em escala piloto, tratando água para abastecimento. Foram estudadas duas configurações da Unidade Piloto de Flotação por Ar Dissolvido (UPFAD) (A e B), as quais diferem no comprimento da zona de contato A (90 mm) e B (140 mm). A TASzc - A (133 ± 3 m/h) e B (86 ± 1 m/h) - e o tzc - A (54 ± 1s) e B (84 ± 1 s) - são diferentes. Foram avaliados três valores do Gzc A (1,8; 6,5;10,2) e B (0,9; 4,7; 6,3), através da inserção de telas com características diferentes no interior da zona de contato. E, Para cada valor de Gzc, foram investigados três valores de A/V (3,73; 4,90; 6,41). Em todos os ensaios realizados, foram fixados os seguintes parâmetros: vazão da água bruta preparada (5,4 m³/h); temperatura da água bruta preparada (26 ± 1ºC); pH de coagulação (6,5 ± 0,1); tempo de floculação (17,2 min); gradiente médio de velocidade de floculação (110 s-1); vazão de descarte após a floculação (0,8 m³/h); vazão de entrada para a flotação (Qe) (4,6 m³/h); velocidade de entrada para a flotação (ve) (180 m/h); velocidade cross-flow (45 m/h); TASzs (14,6 ± 0,2 m/h); pressão de saturação (4,5 ± 0,1 Kgf/cm²). A unidade piloto FAD foi alimentada com água preparada, que apresentou turbidez em torno de 7,4 ± 0,6 UNT, e cor aparente, em torno de 39,4 ± 4,3 UH. A fração removida dos parâmetros analisados para cada Gzc é menos sensível a variações de A/V na configuração A que na configuração B. Na configuração A, a tela que apresentou Gzc em torno de 6,5 s-1 gerou melhores resultados para cada A/V analisado. Na configuração B, a tela que gerou Gzc em torno de 4,7 s-1 proporcionou melhor fração removida de turbidez e cor para cada A/V estudado. Além disso, na configuração B, a fração removida de turbidez e cor foi menos sensível a variações de A/V, para Gzc de 4,7 s-1 que para os demais valores de Gzc. A tela que gerou resultados mais eficientes na configuração A foi a mesma para a configuração B. Portanto o uso da referida tela favoreceu o desempenho das configurações A e B. Comparando todas as situações estudadas nas duas configurações, o ensaio com a configuração A (com tzc de 54 s) com Gzc de 6,3 s-1 e A/V de 4,9 g/m³, apresentou as maiores frações de remoção de cor e turbidez. / The present work aimed to study the influence of velocity gradient (Gzc) associated with the hydraulic detention time (tzc) and the rate of surface application (TASzc) in the contact zone in the efficiency of clarification of a unit rectangular dissolved air flotation pilot scale, treating water supplies. Two different kinds of configurations of the reactor dissolved air flotation in pilot scale (UPFA) (A and B) were studied, which differ in the length of the contact zone - A (90 mm) and B (140 mm). The TASzc - A (133 ± 3 m/h) and B (86 ± 1 m/h) - and tzc - A (54 ± 1 s) and B (84 ± 1 s) were different. Three different values of Gzc were analysed - A (1.8, 6.5, 10.2 s-1) and B (0.9, 4.7, 6.3 s-1) by insertion of grilles with different characteristics within the zone contact. And for each value of Gzc, three values of A/V (3.73, 4.90, 6.41 g/m³) were investigated. In all trials, the following parameters were set: flow of synthetic raw water (5.4 m³/h), synthetic raw water temperature (26 ± 1ºC), coagulation pH (6.5 ± 0.1); flocculation time (17.2 minutes), the speed gradient flocculation (110 s-1); flow disposal after flocculation (0.8 m³/h), input flow to the flotation (Qe) (4, 6 m³/h), input speed for flotation (ve) (180 m/h), cross-flow velocity (45 m/h), TASzs (14.6 ± 0.2 m/h), saturation pressure (4.5 ± 0.1 kgf/cm ²). The pilot plant was fed with synthetic water, which showed turbidity of approximately 7.4 ± 0.6 NTU, and apparent color, about 39.4 ± 4.3 HU. The removal efficiency of the analyzed parameters for each Gzc is less sensitive to variations in the A/V in the configuration A than in the configuration B. In configuration A, the grille that showed Gzc about 6.5 s-1 gave better results for each A/V analysis. In configuration B, the grille that has generated Gzc around 4.7 s-1 provided the best removal efficiency of turbidity and color for each A/V studied. Furthermore, in the configuration B, the removal efficiency of color and turbidity was less sensitive to variations in A/V for Gzc 4.7 s-1 than for other values of Gzc. The grille that generated the best results in the configuration A was the same for the configuration B. Therefore the use of that grille favored the performance of configurations A and B. Comparing all the situations studied in two configurations, the test with the configuration A (with tzc the 54 s) with Gzc of 6.3 s-1 and A/V of 4.9 g/m³, had the highest removal efficiencies of color and turbidity.

The diploma thesis deals with micro-fuels in drinking water sources and their subsequent removal. In the thesis mainly pesticides and pharmaceuticals are described. The reader is first introduced to the most common pesticides occurring in water and their consumption. Drugs are described in a similar context. In addition, there are practical studies on the occurrence, degradation and removal of micro-pollutants from water. The final thesis is a laboratory experiment dealing with the removal of salicylic acid from water by filtration through the filtration material Bayoxide E33 and activated carbon. The thesis describes the procedure and results of the experiment.