Investigation of the entrepreneurial potential of the pharmacists of Jönköping. A quantitative case study.

A study is presented on the synthesis and characterization of nanoporous AgPt and AgAu alloys after annealing and dealloying in 5% HClO4. Dealloying removes the less-noble atom from the alloy surface to produce nanoporous, highly-interconnected ligaments. Voltammetry of AgPt and AgAu shows the critical potential, Ec, at various potential scan rates. Potential hold current decay experiments on Ag-23Pt and Ag-23Au further show the intrinsic Ec to be 275 mV and 290 mV, respectively. Ec was governed by thermodynamic clustering in the alloys as opposed to dissolution-diffusion kinetic effects. EDX shows the starting 77Ag-23Pt material changes composition after dealloying to about 12Ag-88Pt. XRD indicates the presence of ordering in AgPt via a superlattice (100)-peak for a specific anneal treatment. EIS measurements done on as-annealed and dealloyed AgPt and AgAu samples show the onset of bulk porosity and show that capacitance increase is equal for both alloys at two different dealloying potentials.

A study is presented on the synthesis and characterization of nanoporous AgPt and AgAu alloys after annealing and dealloying in 5% HClO4. Dealloying removes the less-noble atom from the alloy surface to produce nanoporous, highly-interconnected ligaments. Voltammetry of AgPt and AgAu shows the critical potential, Ec, at various potential scan rates. Potential hold current decay experiments on Ag-23Pt and Ag-23Au further show the intrinsic Ec to be 275 mV and 290 mV, respectively. Ec was governed by thermodynamic clustering in the alloys as opposed to dissolution-diffusion kinetic effects. EDX shows the starting 77Ag-23Pt material changes composition after dealloying to about 12Ag-88Pt. XRD indicates the presence of ordering in AgPt via a superlattice (100)-peak for a specific anneal treatment. EIS measurements done on as-annealed and dealloyed AgPt and AgAu samples show the onset of bulk porosity and show that capacitance increase is equal for both alloys at two different dealloying potentials.

名古屋大学博士学位論文 学位の種類 : 博士(医学)(課程) 学位授与年月日:平成10年6月4日 李鍾國氏の博士論文として提出された

This dissertation consists of three chapters; each models competition in natural gas markets. These models provide insight into interactions between changes in market conditions/policies and market players’ strategic behavior. In all three chapters, we apply our models to a natural gas trade network formed by using BP’s Statistical Review of World Energy 2010 major trade flows. In the first chapter, we develop a model for the world natural gas market where buyers and sellers are connected by a trading network. Each natural gas producer is a Cournot player with a fixed supply capacity. Each of them is also connected to a unique set of importing markets. We show that this constrained noncooperative Cournot game is a potential game and its potential function has a unique maximizer. In the scenario analysis, we find that any exogenous change affecting Europe also has an effect in the Asia Pacific. The reason is that two big producers, Russia and the Middle East, are connected to both markets. We also find that a collusive agreement between Russia and the Middle East leads them to specialize in supply to markets based on their marginal costs of exporting natural gas. The second chapter is devoted to analyzing the impacts of North American shale gas on the world natural gas market. To better represent the North American natural gas market, this chapter also allows for perfect competition in that market. We find that North America exports natural gas when its supply curve is highly elastic and hence the domestic price impact of its exports is very small. Even so, the price impacts on the importing markets are substantial. We also find that shale gas development in North America decreases dominant producers’ market power elsewhere in the world and hence decreases the incentive of any parties to form a natural gas cartel. In the third chapter, we relax the assumption of fixed supply capacities and allow for natural gas producers to invest in their supply capacities. We assume a two period model with no uncertainty and show that there is a unique Cournot-Nash equilibrium and the open-loop Cournot-Nash equilibrium and closed-loop Cournot-Nash equilibrium investments coincide.

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Kaohsiung is a densely populated harbor city, in which the density of motor vehicles is also high. Since the temperature and sunlight is also relatively high in Southern Taiwan, tending to transform ambient volatile organic compounds to ozone thus causes high ozone events. This study measured the concentrations of 63 hydrocarbon (HC) species from C2 to C15 simultaneously at the Nan-Chie and Hsiung-Kong sites in Kaohsiung city during the morning (07-10), the afternoon (13-16), and the evening (18-21) periods on three successive days in winter 2004. Results show that the most abundant species of Kaohsiung¡¦s air is toluene (43.01-60.95 £gg/m3), followed by i-pentane, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, benzene, n-butane, propane, and acetylene, in the range 9.55-16.93 £gg/m3, while the concentrations of halocarbons is 0.17-4.12 £gg/m3. Alkanes (44.7-45.9%) represent the largest proportion of the total HC, followed by aromatics (35.4-36.8%), alkenes (10.5-10.9%) and halocarbons (3.6-3.9 %). The OFP (ozone formation potential) of HC species were evaluated based on the MIR (maximum incremental reactivity). Results show that aromatics (45.9-54.3%) represent the largest proportion of the OFP, followed by alkenes (17.7-37.5%), and alkanes (16.5-23.6%). The results from the factor analyses show the major sources of ambient HC in Kaohsiung city are the vehicle exhausts, industrial processes, solvent evaporations, combustion exhausts, and petrochemical processes.

­^¤åºK­n A time-independent finite-difference numerical scheme is developed to study the dynamic response of a submerged and a floating breakwater under the wave loading of a fully numerical force. The coupled surge, heave and pitch motion of a floating breakwater and the wave-structure interaction are included in the model. The numerical results are validated uses several bench mark studies and results available elsemlse. The wave reducing effect of a submerged and a floating breakwaters were analysis and discusse.

The purpose of this study was to examine the time course and kinetics of L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) from pituitary GH3 cells in response to various action potential (AP) waveforms using the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. The major findings in this study are: 1. ICa,L evoked during the AP waveform exhibited an early and a late component. The early component of ICa,L occurred on the rising phase of the AP, whereas the late component coincided with the falling phase. 2. A prolongation of the falling phase of APs led to an increase in Ca2+ charge carried by ICa,L, although the amplitude of the late ICa,L was reduced. 3. When the peak voltage of AP waveforms was prolonged without changing the rising and falling phases, the amplitude of the late components was significantly increased. 4. ICa,L was also found to inactivate during a train of AP waveforms. When Ba2+ ions were used as the charge carriers, current inactivation during a train of APs was decreased. 5. The amplitude of ICa,L evoked by the AP templates with irregular bursting pattern was inactivated. 6. When spontaneous APs with the depolarizing potentials were replayed to GH3 cells, Ca2+ entry was not only spread over the entire AP, but also occurred during the interspike voltage trajectory. 7. When cells were exposed to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH; 10

<p>Investigation of the entrepreneurial potential of the pharmacists of Jönköping. A quantitative case study.</p>