Utah Lake, located near Provo, Utah, is a lake of relatively low recreational development. There are certain inherent conditions that contribute to this situation. Four of them are, water level fluctuation, pollution, turbidity and the close proximity of other recreation sites of possible high desirability. This thesis explores these four problems and offers solutions and recommendations to solve or otherwise control their effect on recreation at Utah Lake. The water level fluctuation will be under greater control after the Central Utah Project completes certain alterations in the lake and its watershed. Some fluctuation will continue but by proper design of facilities, the effect will be minimal. The pollution situation is much improved now that the Water Pollution Control Act has stopped the flow of raw sewage to the lake. Turbidity is caused by the wind action on the surface of this shallow lake and may be an insoluble problem. However, by altering the bottom situation of the lake, the effect of this problem can be lessened. Other recreation sites are readily available to the residents of Utah Valley. However, Utah Lake offers some opportunities of its own that are not found elsewhere at these nearby mountain sites. By providing facilities to capitalize of the lake's major attractions, namely, boating, fishing, and hunting, the major effect of these other recreation sites on Utah Lake will be slight. Certain shoreline locations provide definite potential for specific types of recreational developments. If these sites are carefully planned and properly designed, the existing problems can be lessened and the recreational potential at Utah Lake greatly increased.

Low-earth orbit (LEO) contains plasma which can impact satellite charging and radio frequency (RF) communications. Quantifying both the composition and movement of ions in LEO can improve efficiency of the forecasting models that predict the impact plasma will have on satellite communications and accuracy of global positioning satellite measurements. Two instruments known as the Retarding Potential Analyzer (RPA) and the Ion Drift Meter (IDM) have been used in tandem to measure ionospheric properties including ion temperature, velocity, and density. These instruments are costly and occupy large areas on a spacecraft. In recent years, space mission budgets have diminished. This change has driven innovation towards creating new instruments which are compatible with smaller and cheaper satellites yet still yield measurements of comparable quality. This thesis presents the design of a new instrument that encompasses the functionality of both the RPA and IDM, known as the Plasma Velocity Vector Instrument for Small Satellites (PVVISS). PVVISS has compact form factor and low power requirements, making it a viable option for smaller, low cost nano-satellite sized missions. Missions utilizing the PVVISS sensor will allow increased exploration of the ionospheric impact on satellite communications.

An isotopic dilution method was used to test the effects of osmotic potential, (IJ' ,), upon nitrification, ammonification, N-immobilization, and nitrous oxide production rates in soil at solute concentrations encountered in Penoyer soil. A nitrification potential assay was also performed to approximate maximum nitrification rates. Nitrification potential rates in soil slurries exponentially declined in response to decreased osmotic potential. However, nitrification was independent of salt concentration at the ambient NIL+ concentrations of the soil. The differential response was attributed to the variable NIL+ substrate quantities. The effects of osmotic potential were secondary to NIL+ substrate levels in controlling nitrification rates. Ammonification rates declined exponentially as a function of decreased osmotic potential; however, the 33% reductions in ammonification rates were restricted to a range of osmotic potentials between 0 and -500 kPa. Ammonification rates were independent of osmotic potential at potentials between -500 and -1800 kPa. Immobilization rates of both NH/ and N03- declined exponentially as osmotic potential decreased. Absolute rates ofN03- immobilization exceeded those of N~ • by a factor of 4, indicating that under N~+ limited conditions, substantial N03- assimilation occurred. However, the generalization that N~ + is the preferred N source was in fact supported by the data, where immobilization rates relative to the respective pool sizes clearly favored NH4 + assimilation. Nitrous oxide production rates increased linearly as osmotic potential decreased. An NH4 + dependence indicated the evolved N20 was derived from nitrification rather than denitrification.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医科学) / 甲第21023号 / 医科博第84号 / 新制||医科||6(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医科学専攻 / (主査)教授 斎藤 通紀, 教授 萩原 正敏, 教授 小川 誠司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

The purpose of the project was to design and test the components of a potential package sewage treatment plant suitable for the Arctic environment. The designed treatment plant was simplistic in concept while utilizing the advantages of both biological and physical-chemical treatment. The system was tested over a ten-week period. The emphasis of the testing was on treatment of high-strength wastes. In addition the effects of temperatures and system start-up-shutdown conditions were assessed. The results indicated that the system operated well under most of the conditions tested. Both the physical-chemical and biological processes complemented each other with the former providing the necessary treatment at start-up and the latter providing low cost treatment once the system had been in. operation for a month. With the high degree of treatment performance achieved, it was felt the process was feasible for Arctic application. However, further testing was recommended to develop the complete package unit. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

Denna uppsats analyserar fyra litterära teman i Astrid Lindgrens Bröderna Lejonhjärta (1973) med syfte att se verkets didaktiska potential för gymnasieskolans svenskundervisning. Temana som analyseras är mod, frihet, godhet och död, vilka alla kopplas till skolans styrdokument; både i form av ämnesplan och värdegrund. Undersökningens teoretiska utgångspunkt är dels i begreppet didaktisk potential, vilken innebär en undersökning av verkets möjligheter att användas i undervisningen kopplat till styrdokument, dels i tolkningsmöjligheter, vilket innebär en analys av hur framställningen av verket och dess teman kan tolkas på olika sätt. Uppsatsen inspireras av forskning som visat på fördelar med att använda barnlitteratur i undervisning för elever i högre åldrar, både på grund av igenkänningsfaktorer och tidseffektivitet. Den tidigare forskningen som lyfts fram handlar dels om tidigare tolkningar av verket som undersökningen sedan sätter in i ett didaktiskt perspektiv, dels om hur spänningen mellan realism och fantasi ter sig i andra av Lindgrens verk och därmed vilka olika anledningar det finns att tolka saker på skilda sätt. Undersökningen visar hur de olika temana framställs i boken och på vilka olika sätt dessa kan tolkas. Med de olika perspektiven konstateras att läsningen av Bröderna Lejonhjärta kan skapa diskussioner som i sin tur hjälper elever att förstå sig själva och andra.

Utgångspunkterna till denna studie är alla individers rätt till utbildning och det faktum att många elever, exempelvis de i språklig sårbarhet, möter hinder i sin matematikutveckling. Detta ledde till studiens syfte att undersöka hur åtta lärare beskriver att de arbetar med språkstödjande aspekter i undervisning om positionssystemet för att göra den tillgänglig för elever i språklig sårbarhet. Vidare syftade studien till att utröna vilken funktion lärarna beskriver att lärarhandledningarna har i detta hänseende, samt att analysera handledningarna för att se vilka typer av övergripande stöd och språkstödjande aspekter som förekommer i dessa. Studiens kvalitativa ansats innebar att semistrukturerade intervjuer hölls parallellt med analys av lärarhandledningar. Resultatet visade att lärare nämner olika språkstödjande aspekter samt att lärarhandledningen tillskrevs olika funktioner. Vidare blev det synligt i resultatet att handledningarna innehåller både övergripande stöd och språkstödjande aspekter, men i olika omfattning och på olika sätt. Resultatet i studien tolkas som att lärarhandledningar har potential att bidra med stöd att göra undervisningen tillgänglig för elever i språklig sårbarhet, men att flera faktorer kan vara viktiga i relation till denna potential.

Die Ableitung Vagus-somatosensibel evozierter Potentiale (VSEP) ist eine vielversprechende, kostengünstige und nicht-invasive Methode zur Frühdiagnostik von Alzheimer-Demenz. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Retest-Reliabilität der VSEP untersucht. Des Weiteren wurden alternative Stimulationsbedingungen (Stimulation in der Cymba conchae und im anterioren äußeren Gehörgang) und alternative Ableitbedingungen (referentielle Ableitungen mit Elektroden an Mastoid, Spina scapulae, Vertebra prominens und Handrücken) getestet und mit der herkömmlichen Methode verglichen. Die Reliabilitätsuntersuchungen wurden an 24 gesunden Probanden im Abstand von sechs Monaten durchgeführt. Die alternativen Stimulations- und Ableitbedingungen wurden an je zehn bis zwölf Probanden angewandt und die Ergebnisse mit denen von Messungen mit der herkömmlichen Methode verglichen. Es zeigte sich eine besonders gute Reliabilität in den Ableitungen T3/O1 und T4/O2. Außerdem liegen Hinweise darauf vor, dass das Alter der Probanden die Reliabilität beeinflusst. Als beste alternative Ableitposition erwies sich das Mastoid. Die Messungen mit alternativen Stimulationspositionen ergaben stark von der herkömmlichen Methode abweichende Ergebnisse, deren Ursache die vorliegende Studie nicht sicher klären kann. / The recording of vagus somatosensory evoked potentials (VSEP) is a promising, cheap and non-invasive method for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer´s disease. The present study examined the retest-reliability of VSEP. Furthermore alternative stimulation sites (stimulation at cymba concha and at the anterior side of the external auditory canal) as well as alternative recording sides (recording electrodes at mastoid, spina scapulae, vertebra prominens and dorsum of the hand) were examined and compared to the standard method. For the reliability tests, VSEP-measures were performed on 24 healthy subjects at intervals of at least six months. For the alternative stimulation and recording sites VSEP measures were carried out on ten to twelve subjects for each site and the results were then compared to the ones of measures with the conventional method. The recording positions T3/O1 and T4/O2 showed the highest reliability. Additionally there is evidence for an affection of reliability by the subjects´ age. Among the alternative recording sites, mastoid showed to be the most appropriate one. The VSEP-measures with alternative stimulation sites revealed highly divergent results compared to the results from standard measures. The present study cannot certainly clarify the reasons for these divergences.

We have applied an electrophysiologic technique (Reuss L.(1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 6014) to measure changes in steady-state hepatocyte volume during osmotic stress. Hepatocytes in mouse liver slices were loaded with tetramethylammonium ion (TMA+) during transient exposure of cell to nystatin. Intracellular TMA+ activity (αiTMA) was measured with TMA+ -sensitive, double-barrelled microelectrodes. Loading hepatocytes with TMA+ did not change their membrane potential (Vm), and under steady-state conditions αiTMA remained constant over 4 min in a single impalement. Hyperosmotic solutions (50, 100 and 150 mM sucrose added to media) and hyposmotic solutions (sucrose in media reduced by 50 and 100 mM) increased and decreased αiTMA, respectively, which demonstrated transmembrane water movements. The slope of the plot of change in steady-state cell water volume, [(αiTMA)O/(αiTMA)4min] - 1, on the relative osmolality of media, (experimental mosmol/control mosmol) -1, was less than predicted for a perfect osmometer. Corresponding measurements of Vm showed that its magnitude increased with hyposmolality and decreased with hyperosmolality. When Ba2+ (2 mM) was present during hyposmotic stress of 0.66 × 286 mosmol (control), cell water volume increased by a factor of 1.44 ± 0.02 compared with that of hyposmotic stress alone, which increased cell water volume by a factor of only 1.12 ± 0.02, P< 0.001. Ba2+ also decreased the hyperpolarization of hyposmotic stress from a factor of 1.62 ± 0.04 to 1.24 ± 0.09, P < 0.01. We conclude that hepatocytes partially regulate their steady-state volume during hypo- and hyperosmotic stress. However, volume regulation during hyposmotic stress diminished along with hyperpolarization of Vm in the presence of the K+ -channel blocker, Ba2+. This shows that variation in Vm during osmotic stress provides an intercurrent, electromotive force for hepatocyte volume regulation.