Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Rochelle A. Marrinan, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Anthropology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Feb.1, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains x, 126 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Originally published as the author's thesis--Freiburg Universität, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. Also issued online.

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Collota, Netahaha and the Development of the Wari Power in Cotahuasi Valley, Arequipa, PerúAn enduring problem in the study of ancient states and empires is modem recognition of different forms of regional consolidation when employing only data available in the archaeological record. The construction of an administrative center is one of the clear indicators of a state's presence. Areas with these types of centers are often described as pockets of direct control in an imperial mosaic. During the Middle Horizon (600-1000 A.D.), significant changes in settlement patterns and subsistence regimes occurred in the Cotahuasi Valley of Peru that were a significant departure from its previous course of development. At the same time, two new administrative centers, Collota and Netahaha, were constructed, in the architectural style of the Wari Empire. Architectural and ceramic evidence from Collota and Netahaha, however, suggest that the installations were not constructed by the Wari Empire as part of a strategy of direct control in the valley. Instead, the sites were local administrative centers constructed by local elites who emulated Wari style. Although the empire probably did exercise substantial control over the affairs of the valley during the Middle Horizon, local elites initiated the changes that we see in the material record. / Uno de los problemas más difíciles en el estudio de los estados e imperios antiguos es la identificación de formas diferentes de consolidación regional con los datos arqueológicos. La construcción de un centro administrativo es un indicador muy claro de la presencia de un estado y áreas con este tipo de centro han sido descritas como islas de control directo dentro del mosaico imperial. Durante el Horizonte Medio (600-1000 a.C.) ocurrieron cambios significativos en el asentamiento y subsistencia del valle de Cotahuasi, Perú, los cuales son, obviamente, una divergencia del desarrollo local. En ese mismo momento se construyeron dos centros administrativos nuevos, Collota y Netahaha, en el estilo del imperio Wari. La evidencia cerámica y arquitectónica, sin embargo, sugiere que Collota y Netahaha no eran instalaciones construidas por el imperio como parte de un sistema de control jerárquico directo, sino, más bien, como centros administrativos locales construidos por elites locales, los cuales emularon, quizá por coerción, al imperio Wari para organizar la producción de la región. De este modo, aunque este logró ejercer un control substancial durante el Horizonte Medio, las elites locales, bajo su creciente influencia, originaron estos cambios.

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The Mīqāt of al-Juhfa is located in the west of Saudi Arabia about 187 km northwest of the Holy City of Mecca. Al-Juhfa is one of the five fixed places called Mawāqīt, or entry stations to the pilgrimage (Hajj). These Mawāqīt were designated during the early Islamic period for any pilgrim comes through them with the intention of Hajj. During the early Abbasid period, al-Juhfa was the largest occupied Mīqāt in the Islamic world. This study focuses primarily on historical and archaeological aspects of the Mīqāt of al-Juhfa during the early Islamic period. To illustrate these aspects, the study analyzed many primary sources that mention al-Juhfa in order to reconstruct the historical and cultural development of the site and to establish the extent to which it functions as an urban center. The study benefited from important information provided by these sources in this respect, such as the chronology of the site, its strategic location, topographical features, the nature of the landscape at different times, the function of specific objects, human activities that took place at the site, and factors that led to its prosperity and decline. The study also undertook a fieldwork at al-Juhfa site—primarily archaeological survey and excavation. This fieldwork enabled us to test the results of the textual analysis and to reveal other characteristics of the site (such as its cultural role, urban elements, planning and defences, architectural functions, building technique, building material, and other features). Moreover, the study analyzed both the formal and technical qualities of all archaeological discoveries on the site, comparing them with their analogues at other early Islamic sites in the Middle East. The study derived many results that clearly indicate the great importance of al-Juhfa as an urban center characterized by several urban functions during the early Abbasid period in the late of 8th century until its importance began to decline gradually between the second half of 11th century and the first half of 12th century. This chronology is supported by both written sources and the archaeological evidence. Several architectural elements and a collection of archaeological finds of different pieces of pottery, ceramic, glass, worked stone, and metal were discovered at al-Juhfa. These discoveries provide us with more information about the extent of mutual influence and active interaction between various cultures during pre-Islamic period as well as the high cultural and commercial level achieved by al-Juhfa and the relationship it had with other Islamic sites in the Middle East. / Graduate / 2019-06-26

Since the 1970s, the study of molecular organics preserved in archaeological ceramics, commonly referred to as organic residue analysis, has been used to infer vessel use and study dietary, economic, and ritual activities in the past. The purpose of this project is to analyse organic residues from a variety of ancient vessels and attempt to understand further the relationship between molecular organic preservation and vessel characteristics. It has been previously assumed that the absorption of these organics in the ceramic matrix is predominantly responsible for their preservation. The clarification of this or other preservative mechanisms and the further understanding of the relationships of vessels with their contents has a direct impact on the interpretation of organic residues and vessel use. The first section addresses the preservation of molecular organics in pottery vessels from Tel Kabri, Israel; Tel Megiddo, Israel; and Lefkandi, Greece. The one hundred and thirty-three samples from these three sites represent vessels used in domestic, burial, ritual, and elite contexts from the Early Bronze Age through the Iron Age Eastern Mediterranean. The focus of the study is the quantification of residue yields and identification of potential links with vessel properties and characteristics of the ceramic samples. Sequential extractions using two methods, conventional chloroform/methanol solvent extraction and direct FAME extraction/derivatisation, were applied to the sherds to test the absorption and adsorption of organics into ceramic materials. The majority of samples were tested non-destructively, enabling the comparison of residue yields to certain vessel properties and characteristics displayed in the same sherds. Where available, data concerning vessel form, sampling location on the vessel profile, thickness measurements were recorded, and XRF measurements were taken, with this in mind. The second section investigates the question of whether bronze and copper alloy vessels have the capability to preserve molecular organics within their corrosion products. Twenty-two samples of corrosion and associated material from five Early Roman bronze vessels found in cremation burials during the A2 Pepperhill to Cobham project in County Kent, United Kingdom were studied for organic material. These samples provide some of the first evidence that the residues of original content are preserved in copper alloy vessels either through entrapment in or reactions with copper corrosion.

This thesis is an investigation of Roman pottery from the Maltese islands from the 1st century BC to the mid-4th century AD, and how pottery can help assess Malta's economic role in the wider central Mediterranean region. The archipelago's locally produced vessels, its range of ceramic exports, and the quantification of the types of amphorae, fine, and cooking wares the islands imported, were studied and the data were used to compare with the pottery available from the small islands of Pantelleria, Lampedusa and the Kerkennah isles. The aim is to revisit the theme of the economic role of the Maltese islands and other similar-sized islands in the region by moving away from the tradition of unilateral and monographic narratives, which more often than not, omit the wealth of information that can be garnered from pottery. In the first instance, a detailed study of three complete and new ceramic assemblages, including amphorae, fine, cooking and coarse wares, was undertaken. The opportunity to quantify identifiable imports and compare them with local products - the first of its kind for fine, cooking and coarse wares - provided valuable proxy data for comparing Malta with neighbouring islands and centres, and demonstrated what proportion of ceramic vessels were locally supplied, and how these changed over time. These data were also fed into a series of network analyses, which plotted the common pottery links shared between small-island and mainland sites in the region. The analyses were interpreted in conjunction with a critique of existing pottery quantification methods, and the potential acceptance for utilising all known pottery data irrespective of the quality and quantity of the published data available. Most importantly, the import trends obtained from this study were incorporated into the existing narrative of how small islands and their local industries featured in the central Mediterranean's regional economy, highlighting the types of archaeologically visible industries that existed; how these developed symbiotically alongside other larger supply networks; and what effect this might have had on the integration of small islands in the Roman Mediterranean.