Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

This research examined the role of communication – and in particular public relations (PR) and public affairs activities – in the decision-making processes around the proposal to build a bypass road around the city of Aberdeen. The study focused on the relative power of various discourses embodied in the arguments and strategies pursued by the promoters and opponents of the Aberdeen Western Peripheral Road (AWPR) to affect eventual outcomes. The research sought to revisit theoretical accounts of democratic decision-making as conceptualised by Habermas (1984) in the deliberations of the public sphere, and Foucault (1970) on the role of discourse in structuring civil debates. In his classic study of New Haven, Dahl (2005) found empirical evidence to support a pluralist paradigm. Yet in Flyvbjerg’s (1998a) study of urban planning in Aalborg, Denmark, Lukes’s theories on the second dimension of power and a Foucauldian conceptualistion of power were found to have more acute explanatory power. These major theories have been applied tentatively to the field of public relations by Burkart (2009) who advocates for the utility of a consensus-oriented approach to public relations (COPR). Motion and Leitch (2009) theorise that discourse analysis provides important analytic tools for PR practitioners. This research used the AWPR issue as a case study spanning four key decision-making phases from 2004 to 2012. These stages include representations to the Scottish Parliament; a public local inquiry (PLI); judicial review to the Court of Session in Edinburgh, and a hearing in the UK Supreme Court. The research drew upon triangulated methodologies including Fairclough’s (2012) political discourse analysis; observations at public meetings; and semi-structured interviews The research found that whilst both sides promoted a range of established discourses and PR strategies, the relative power of these discourses and the implementation of the strategies was determining. Political discourse analysis of key texts from the pivotal post PLI phase of the case study provided evidence of the dominance of discourses around economic development and community over weaker environmental discourses. Save Camphill’s campaign was more effective due in large part to the calibre of the professional public relations advice retained. Road Sense used public relations strategies in the early phases of their campaign but the implementation of these activities tended to be tactical, partial or counter-productive. Road Sense focused resources on a legislative strategy which largely eschewed any further attempt to engage with government, community and media stakeholders. The route of judicial review was unsuccessful due to a combination of second dimension power factors, including the reluctance of the UK courts to intervene in planning issues despite the existence of European directives to protect the environment. The AWPR case study concluded that examples of decision-making, as demonstrated by Save Camphill’s success in altering the route, confirm the existence of both the public sphere and pluralism in action. Yet, following Lukes (2005) and Flyvbjerg (1998a), there is equally evidence of a second dimension power variable which yielded more plausible explanatory accounts of the decision-making in favour of the Scheme at the PLI, and subsequently in the Courts. The case study also finds that a Foucauldian interpretation of discourse is required to fully appreciate the weakness of the environmental agenda at the local level especially when pitted against prevailing discourses of economic growth and the popularity of the contemporary car culture. Against this background, Road Sense’s PR strategies were secondary to their ultimate legislative strategy and lacked the requisite consistency on goal alignment and relationship building in lobbying and media relations. For campaigns to be effectual, public relations professionals must audit the power of prevailing discourses as theorised by Motion and Leitch (2009) before Burkart’s consensus-oriented public relations (COPR) approach can realise pluralist outcomes consistent with deliberative democracy.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-09-05T18:05:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VALTECINO EUFRÁSIO LEAL.pdf: 636488 bytes, checksum: 45674ed9c91ffc071145fa69701692c8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-05T18:05:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VALTECINO EUFRÁSIO LEAL.pdf: 636488 bytes, checksum: 45674ed9c91ffc071145fa69701692c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-04 / This study intends to examine the humanitarian situation of violation of the right food. Its development occurs in five chapters. In Chapter I, I present the theoretical basis for the primary and secondary research, which was marked by the literature, emphasizing the importance of the human right of food. In Chapter II, do an analysis of social rights and hunger, demonstrating that the indignity in a history in question is not something new. In this chapter, seeking specifics about the international and national legal framework surrounding the issue. In Chapter III dedicate the notions of development and environment, tying together these issues in food law. In chapter IV, I wonder about the biofuel and the broader socio-economic policies in the area for feeding. In Chapter V, I try to trace the idea of interference with the right food, defending the theoretical point of view, the importance of case law, the need for coherent policies and the participation of civil society in mitigating the framework of world hunger. / O presente trabalho pretende examinar a situação da violação humanitária ao direito alimentar. O seu desenvolvimento ocorre em cinco capítulos. No capítulo I, apresento o embasamento teórico principal e secundário para a pesquisa, que teve como marco o levantamento bibliográfico, enfatizando a importância do direito humano alimentar. No capítulo II, faço uma análise dos direitos sociais e da fome, demonstrando em histórico que a indignidade em questão não é assunto recente. Em tal capítulo, procuro especificidades sobre o quadro normativo internacional e nacional que envolve a matéria. Dedico o capítulo III a noções de desenvolvimento e meio-ambiente, enfeixando tais temas no direito alimentar. No capítulo IV, discorro sobre o agrocombustível e as implicações sócio-econômicas das políticas na área, para a alimentação. No capítulo V, procuro traçar a ideia de violação ao direito alimentar, defendendo do ponto de vista teórico, a importância da jurisprudência, a necessidade de políticas públicas coesas e da participação da sociedade civil organizada na atenuação do quadro de fome mundial.

The aim of the thesis is to characterize the institution of the Ombudsman, his place in the distribution of powers and, above all, to analyze its relationship to the judicial power. The thesis is divided into five parts, with the first three parts focused on the theoretical description of the institution of the Ombudsman and its role in the control system of public administration. The fourth part characterizes the institution of the Ombudsman, his place in the distribution of power and its relationship to the judicial power. The fifth part is focused specifically on the relationship of the Ombudsman and the courts. The institution of the Ombudsman has the duty to protect citizens against acts of authorities, which may be in conflict with the law, against their inactivity and against the behavior that does not conform to the principles of good governance and the principles of the rule of a democratic State. Unlike an Ombudsman, the courts only protect citizens against unlawful acts. The courts have the availability to render decisions which are enforceable by the State power. The relationship between the Ombudsman and judicial power is characterized by a high degree of independence.

O escopo desta dissertação é fazer um estudo teórico e conceitual da obra de Émile Durkheim no que se refere à questão educacional e verificar em que medida seus escritos contribuem para a compreensão do ensino superior do Brasil contemporâneo, o qual está submetido às leis e às regulamentações do poder público. Apresentam-se o método e o objeto da Sociologia de Durkheim, propondo comparações entre a perspectiva sociológica educacional clássica ou tradicional do pensador e a humanista, que vige no Brasil contemporâneo. Focaliza-se a moralidade relacionada à educação na obra de Durkheim como um ato que atende aos interesses da sociedade, enquanto estruturas formais da razão, não da religião. Os indivíduos são socializados tornando-se conscientes da necessidade da adesão voluntária às regras impostas socialmente, que são determinantes dos deveres do estudante, e que se assemelham às regras que prescrevem a conduta do adulto. A educação moral insere-se em toda a vida escolar do discente. Também são analisados acordos internacionais, globalização das políticas educacionais e a transformação da educação em fonte de investimentos, que caracterizaram as últimas décadas do século XX e início do século XXI, quando a teoria do capital humano foi recuperada e aplicada no âmbito educacional, associando a escolarização superior à consecução de competências que possibilitam a ascensão social. Nessa perspectiva, o que importa é a inserção no mercado de trabalho, enquanto uma imposição do sistema vigente sobre a formação do capital humano, aliada a adequação dos alunos aos preceitos neoliberais, em que a competência e a obtenção de habilidades são mais relevantes que o conhecimento histórico-científico capaz de transformar, por meio do processo de escolarização, o modo de pensar a realidade. / The scope of this dissertation is to make a theoretical and conceptual study of the work of Émile Durkheim with regard to the educational question and to verify to what extent his writings contribute to the understanding of the higher education of contemporary Brazil, which is subject to the laws and regulations Of public power. The method and object of Durkheim's Sociology are presented, proposing comparisons between the classical or traditional educational sociological perspective of the thinker and the humanist, which is present in contemporary Brazil. It focuses on education-related morality in Durkheim's work as an act that serves the interests of society as formal structures of reason, not religion. Individuals are socialized by becoming aware of the need for voluntary adherence to socially imposed rules that are determinant of the student's duties and which resemble the rules that prescribe adult conduct. Moral education is embedded throughout the student's school life. International agreements, globalization of education policies and the transformation of education into an investment source, which characterized the last decades of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century, were also analyzed, when human capital theory was recovered and applied in the educational sphere, associating Higher education to the achievement of skills that enable social ascension. In this perspective, what matters is the insertion in the labor market, while an imposition of the current system on the formation of human capital, coupled with the students' suitability to the neoliberal precepts, in which competence and the attainment of skills are more relevant than the historical-scientific knowledge capable of transforming, through the process of schooling, the way of thinking reality. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

La tesi ha per oggetto l’autotutela amministrativa, specialmente quella c.d. decisoria “spontanea”, ovvero quell’insieme di poteri che consentono all’amministrazione di riesaminare i propri provvedimenti e di rimuoverli a vario titolo.
Di questi poteri si è indagato il fondamento dogmatico e positivo. La questione del fondamento è stata per lunghi anni affrontata dalla dottrina e dalla giurisprudenza in termini totalmente pre-critici e non problematici: l’esistenza di questi poteri era semplicemente scontata e le riflessioni sulla loro base giuridica si esaurivano perlopiù nella constatazione della loro necessità nell’immemore consenso circa la loro ammissibilità. Negli ultimi anni, invece, una parte degli Autori ha disconosciuto la natura implicita e per così dire “originaria” di questi poteri e ne ha perciò patrocinato la stretta riconduzione al principio di legalità: in altre parole, l’annullamento e la revoca non sarebbero affatto conseguenza della c.d. inesauribilità del potere amministrativo – negata da questa dottrina – e sarebbero perciò oggi ammissibili unicamente nei casi e nei modi disciplinati dalle due norme introdotte nella legge sul procedimento nel 2005. Ciò a garanzia della certezza dei rapporti giuridici e del legittimo affidamento dei destinatari dei provvedimenti ampliativi. Secondo un filone ricostruttivo in pare contrastante con il primo, altri Autori hanno inteso valorizzare gli elementi de iure condito a favore della obbligatorietà dell’avvio del procedimento di riesame, auspicandone contemporaneamente la generalizzazione, nell’ottica di una più complessiva trasformazione dell’annullamento d’ufficio in un nuovo istituto ibrido, rispondente alla funzione di alternative dispute risolution system o, se si vuole, di ricorso gerarchico. Per le stesse ragioni, l’istituto dovrebbe perdere il carattere ampiamente discrezionale, in favore di una vincolatezza totale o parziale. Questo secondo “fronte di attacco” alla ricostruzione tradizionale intende offrire soluzione al venir meno del sistema dei controlli di legalità sull’azione amministrativa. Lo studio ha sottoposto a verifica entrambi i filoni evolutivi richiamati, discostandosi dal secondo e, pur accogliendo parte delle argomentazioni ad esso sottostanti, anche dal primo. Quanto alla teoria dell’esauribilità del potere amministrativo, oggetto della prima linea evolutiva, si è ritenuto di condividere le considerazioni circa la tutela dell’affidamento degli interessati e della stabilità dei rapporti giuridici. È parsa tuttavia meglio rispondente alle categorie generali e alle esigenze del sistema (anche sulla base di una visione del diritto amministrativo quale “diritto dei terzi”, per natura volto alla tutela dell’interesse generale e non solo dell’interesse privato particolare coinvolto dall’esercizio del potere) la conservazione della tradizionale inesauribilità del potere, seppur assai mitigata, nella pratica, con riferimento all’esercizio dei poteri di ritiro degli atti favorevoli ai privati il cui affidamento sia concretamente meritevole di tutela. La natura discrezionale dell’annullamento d’ufficio (e della revoca), sottoposta a critica dalla seconda linea evolutiva, viene difesa sia sul piano del diritto positivo e pretorio (attraverso la riconduzione dei principali casi di annullamento c.d. doveroso al modello generale), sia sul piano delle categorie generali, a partire dalla natura dei poteri coinvolti e dall’analisi delle posizioni giuridiche dei soggetti interessati dai procedimenti di secondo grado. / The thesis focuses on the Italian system of so called autoprotection or selfprotection. This expression refers to the powers of public administration to revoke its own acts when deemed necessary to repair a vice of legitimacy or a vice of opportunity, without being bind to resort to the courts. Given the aim of this powers – the same of first grade powers plus a semi-judicial one – they are usually meant by judges and scholars as “widely discretionary”. Furthermore, it has always been believed that the choice to activate the correspondent proceeding is totally free for public administration; consequently, a demand of interested parties does not make binding the start of the procedure, opposite to what happens with administrative appeal proceedings. In recent years ECJ, ECHR and national case law has emboldened the limits to selfredress, making clear that legitimate expectations and the public interest to legal certainty must be taken into consideration and given sufficient protection. Lately, also the Legislator followed, making the annulment and the revocation harder to be put in effect when the first act is favorable to the addressed subject. In such cases, the revocation cannot be ordered for a mere reconsideration of already known circumstances (ius poenitendi) but only if new ones show up. At the same time, ex officio annulment is precluded after 18 months from the issuing of the first act, instead of the previous general limit of a “reasonable time”. On the other hand, the case law has apparently pointed out some hypothesis of mandatory annulment, such as for “anticomunitarian acts” and cost-producing acts. Based on these two orientation, some scholars suggested a global rethinking of the self-protection, its bases and its rules. The study analyzes the case law and the latest legislative reforms, proving that no mandatory annulment exists in the Italian legal system. Therefore, nor the ECJ principle of equivalence nor other principles require that selfredress become generally obliged. The thesis also aims to prove that selfprotection remains a discretionary power, in order to ensure that the contrasting needs (the rule of law on the one hand, and the legal certainty and legitimate expectation on the other hand) can be properly balanced in every decision, according to the Constitutional provision of article 97, which requires that both impartiality and good administration are pursued.