Residential roofs have traditionally formed the weakest part of the structure. The connections of roofs to the walls has lacked a clear load path with the result that the structure is weak at this point, leading to the compromise of the structure. Indeed roofs have multiple points of failure that lead to the weakness of the residential structure as a whole. Even if structural failure does not occur, compromise the roofing membrane can lead to high repair costs and property loss. The failure lies in the complex forming of the roof components as the roof aesthetics are placed to protect the underlayment and the underlayment protects the sheathing and trusses. However, the aesthetics, such as the roof tile, not being structural can be damaged easily and lead to the compromise of the roofing system as well as endangering surrounding structures. The shape of the roof tile lends itself well to structural design. The wave motion leads to structural redundancy and provides a significant ability to provide stiffness. Using the shape of the roof tile, a structure can be created to encapsulate the shape and provide structural strength. The aesthetics are already accounted for in the shape and the shape is strengthened according to necessity. A system has been devised for flexural strength and applicable connections to demonstrate the constructability and feasibility of creating and using such a system. Design concepts are accounted for, the components are tested and confirmed, and a full-scale test is carried out to demonstrate the concepts ability as a system. The outgrowth of this work is to produce design tables that allow the designer the ability to design for certain building conditions. Taking the concepts of flexural strength and wall to roof, panel to panel, and ridge connections, the design is broken down into appropriate design parameters. Tables are developed that allow the concept to be used under different structural conditions and geographical needs. The conclusion allows us to show specifically how the concept can be applied in specific geographical regions.

Following some incidents in high-rise buildings, such as Ronan Point London 1968, in which collapse of a limited number of structural elements progressed to a failure disproportionate to the initial cause, consideration of robustness was introduced in British Standard. The main method of preventing progressive collapse for providing robustness to steel framed buildings with precast concrete floor slabs focuses on the allowable tying forces that the reinforcement in between the slabs and in hollowcores should carry. However there are uncertainties about the basis of the practical rules associated with this method. This thesis presents the results of numerical and analytical studies of tie connection behaviour between precast concrete floor slabs (PCFS). It is shown that under current design regulations the tie connection is not able to resist the accidental load limit applied on the damaged floor slabs. By establishing the capability of a finite element model to depict and predict the behaviour of concrete members in situations such as arching and catenary action against several experimental tests, an extensive set of parametric studies was conducted in order to identify the effective parameters in enhancing the resistance of the tie connection between PCFSs. These parameters include: tie bar diameter, position, length, yield stress and ultimate strain; the slab’s height, length; and the compressive strength of the grouting concrete in between the slabs that encases the tie bar. Recommendations are made based on the findings of this parametric study in order to increase the resistance of the tie connection. Based on the identified effective parameters in the parametric study a predictive analytical relationship is derived which is capable of determining the maximum vertical displacement and load that the tie connection is able to undergo. This relationship can be used to enable the connection to capture the accidental limit load on a damaged slab. The identified parameters are examined in a three dimensional finite element model to assess their effect when columns of the structure are lost in different locations such as an edge, corner or internal column. Based on the findings of this study methods for improving the connections performance are presented. Also the effect of alternative transverse tying method is evaluated and it is concluded that although this kind of tie increases the load carrying capacity of the connection, its effect on the catenary action is not significant.

Orientador: Newton de Oliveira Pinto Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T03:07:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernandes_Andrea_M.pdf: 3789790 bytes, checksum: 3995163d23effcb84c04682718a55ef9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O reforço do concreto através da utilização de fibras de aço vem se mostrando, ao longo dos anos, como alternativa econômica e tecnicamente viável para diversos tipos de aplicações . Sua ampla utilização na indústria da construção mundial, em diversos casos de sucesso, despertou interesse também do segmento tuneleiro moderno. Passou-se a utilizar fibras para reforçar o concreto das aduelas dos anéis montados por tuneladoras (TBM- Tunnel Boring Machines ¿ máquina de escavar túneis) nas principais obras ao redor mundo. Desta forma, após diversos anos sem obras importantes de túneis metroviários no Brasil, a construção da linha 4 (Amarela) do Metrô de São Paulo, utilizará uma destas máquinas de escavar túneis, sendo do tipo EPBM (Earth Pressure Balanced Machine), cujo revestimento será feito com anéis segmentados (aduelas) de concreto. O projeto básico desta obra (década de 60) prevê armação das aduelas de forma tradicional (em desuso) com gaiolas de aço. Em virtude dos benefícios que o reforço com fibras oferece, e ainda, baseando-se no sucesso da experiência mundial, surgiu a necessidade de um estudo no Brasil sobre esta tecnologia. Assim, tomando como base os dados do projeto básico do projeto da linha 4 (cargas, geometrias, etc.), iniciou-se um estudo comparativo do reforço com gaiolas e do reforço com fibras de aço. Este trabalho apresenta algumas etapas deste estudo, procura abordar aspectos relevantes do processo desde a fabricação até a instalação das aduelas no túnel, explica os benefícios possíveis de serem atingidos, resume alguns dos principais motivos que levaram a indústria tuneleira a adotar a tecnologia de reforço com fibras de aço, vantagens e desvantagens / Abstract: The reinforcement of the concrete using steel fibers became possible, through the years, by it¿s economical and technical viability. It¿s wide range of utilization in civil construction, in several success work cases, made the modern tunneling industry realize the necessity of studding it as well. Concrete Segmental Lining Rings placed by TBMs - Tunnel Boring Machines - have been produced with Steel Fiber in the ultimate reference jobs around the world. After several years without of Metro projects in São Paulo Brasil, the already under construction line 4 with total 12,8 km of tunnels, will use one EPBM - Earth Pressure Balanced Machine ¿ witch lining is being considered made by reinforced concrete. The Basic Project (from the 60¿s) primarily considered steel bars as cage reinforcement. To benefit from the steel fiber reinforcement concrete, still, based on successful practical cases world wide, became the necessity to study this technology locally, in Brasil. Thus, taking the basic data from the original Line 4 project (geometry, etc.) a comparative study between steel cages and steel fibers started. This work contents some of the steps from this study and intents to evaluate key aspects from the whole process, since production phase at the segment plant, transport, installation and maintenance of the tunnel. Also explains the basic reasons of migration to the steel fiber reinforcement, including the benefits for the whole tunneling industry and society / Mestrado / Edificações / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

The aim of the thesis is to design a load-bearing precast concrete structure of production facility. Part of the diploma thesis is to design alternative roofing construction including economic comparison. Internal forces analysis was processed by Dlubal RFEM 5.16 software. In order to find out the expected results, were created simple bar models and the spatial model of the structure was processed later. Structural design report was created for selected elements of the concrete structure including drawings.

The diploma thesis deals with the design of selected parts of reinforced concrete elements of the exhibition room. Simultaneously, the optimization of selected elements according to valid standards and Eurocodes was carried out and the impact of these changes on the economy of construction was developed.

This dissertation analyses precast walls made of plain concrete and lightly reinforced concrete. The main focus is on evaluating the concrete and the reinforcement of precast concrete wall panels in relation to manufacturing, handling, and final phases. The dynamic load component of panels during handling was measured in controlled tests. Shrinkage measurement was implemented during the maturing process of the concrete used for panel manufacturing. The value of cohesion was observed between the reinforcement and the concrete that had matured for 20 hours. It was also looked at the value of adhesive strength between the panel surface and the casting table. The experimental study checked the panel strain during removal from the casting table, the panel compression during a truck ride over an obstacle, and the tension in the carriage strap during panel transportation to the building site. Mathematical formulas were drawn up to validate the concrete and reinforcement of wall panels made of lightly reinforced concrete. Those mathematical formulas were applied in a specific panel wall design and the results were verified by nonlinear numerical models.

The subject of the diploma thesis is the project documentation of the dental center. The documentation is for the execution of the construction. The building has 2 floors above ground and one underground floor. The building is located in the inner city of Ostrava. The interior spaces provide 5 functional surgeries, laboratories for the production of dental supplies and office spaces located on the 2.NP floor. The building serves as a medical facility. The building is barrier-free thanks to the used elevator and meeting the internal parameters.

Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) techniques have resulted in innovative options that save time and money during the construction of bridges. One such group of techniques that has generated considerable interest is the usage of individual precast concrete members. Utilizing precast concrete decks allows for offsite curing, thus eliminating long delays due to formwork and concrete curing time. These precast concrete decks have inherent joints between the individual panels. These joints are locations for potential leakage, which can lead to corrosion or inadequate long-term performance. Post-tensioning the precast deck panels helps to eliminate leakage; however, conventional longitudinal post-tensioning systems require complete deck replacement in the event of a single faulty deck panel. A proposed post-tensioned, curved-strand connection allows for a single panel to be replaced. The capacity of the proposed curved-strand connection was investigated in order to compare its behavior to other systems that are currently in use. Tests were performed in composite negative bending, beam shear, and positive bending. The curved strand connection was found to behave similarly to the standard post-tensioning system in positive bending and shear. The curved-strand connection was found to be comparable to a standard post-tensioning system. The ultimate capacity of the curved-strand connection in negative bending was found to be 97% of the standard post-tensioning. Pre-stress losses were measured and predicted for the service life of the connection and were found to be 6% at the 75- year service life of a bridge.

Several connection details have been developed for the connection of precast cap beams to precast columns in Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) applications. Currently, the suggested details involve some form of either reinforcement or portion of the precast column to penetrate inside the cap beam. Such details present many challenges in the field, such as necessitating bundling of reinforcement in the cap beam or creating a congested reinforcement arrangement. Furthermore, closer inspection of some of the test data indicates that for currently used details, cap beams could sustain some damages during major seismic events, whereas they are designed to be capacity protected. Additionally, construction of such details demands precision. To overcome these challenges, two new connection details are envisioned. Both details completely eliminate penetrating of column into the cap beam. In the first detail, the rebar of the cap beam and the column are spliced in the column and joined with a layer of Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC). The use of UHPC in the splice region allows the tension development of reinforcing bars over a short length. High workability of UHPC and large tolerances inherent with the suggested details can facilitate and accelerate the on-site construction. In the second detail, to confine the plastic hinge with a limited length in the column, two layers of UHPC were employed. Confining the plastic hinge is achieved by sandwiching a desired length of the column, using normal strength concrete (plastic hinge region) in between two layers of UHPC. The most interesting aspect of this detail is the exact location and length of the plastic hinge. The primary goal of this research is to provide a description of the newly developed details, verifying their structural performance and recommendation of a design guide. These goals are achieved through a diverse experimental and numerical program focused on the proposed connections. Results show that both details are equally applicable to seismic applications and able to achieve adequate levels of ductility. Lack of failure in splice region indicated that UHPC can provide a good confinement and shear capacity even when confining transverse reinforcement was not used.

Precast concrete multistory buildings are used in an attempt to optimize the available construction space and reduce costs. However, little is known about predicting their capacity in a brittle response mode due to the sudden loss of a critical element that could induce a Progressive Collapse Scenario. Therefore, the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) developed an explicit approach in the design of precast concrete systems that is intended to mitigate a progressive collapse by enhancing the rotational capacity of joints and the robustness of the structural system. A full-scale experiment was conducted to investigate the structural performance of a prototype design under a column-removal scenario. The test assembly frame, consisting of three columns and two beams, was subjected to a displacement controlled vertical force acting at the center to characterize the failure modes and collapse mechanisms. Brittleailures of critical structural elements were observed and significantly impacted the performance.