Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yara Diwondo Brasil Chaves.pdf: 1247139 bytes, checksum: 9a60c4bbd095ee5e6779c0feda7cc239 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-22 / The property regime chosen to apply between spouses implies several consequences in the administration of property and family relations ships. This study is primarily designed to evaluate the elements and conjecture economic, legal and social legislation that led to the country to choose the regime of partial community property as statutory or supplementary, applied to situations where the spouses do not realize deed of prenuptial agreement with arrangements other than marriage set to take effect. The agreament of comparative law, in this narrow way, appears as a necessary tool for understanding the legislative option. Reflections on the historical evolution of the institute and the intense debates taking place in the doctrine and case law after the enactment of Law 6515 of December 26, 1977, also assist in the task of making more effective the analysis desired. The study of property regime is a tool to solve increasingly intricate issues, raised by the continuous evolution of the world and busnises a society increasingly multiple relationships, goals and interests / O regime patrimonial escolhido para vigorar entre os cônjuges implica inúmeras consequências na administração dos bens e nas relações familiares do casal. O presente estudo tem por finalidade precípua avaliar os elementos e conjecturas econômicas, jurídicas e sociais que levaram a legislação pátria a optar pelo regime da comunhão parcial de bens como regime legal ou supletivo, aplicado às situações em que os nubentes não realizam escritura de pacto antenupcial com regime diverso do estabelecido para vigorar no casamento. A abordagem de direito comparado, nesse caminho estreito, aparece como ferramenta necessária para a compreensão da opção legislativa. Reflexões acerca da evolução histórica do instituto e dos intensos debates promovidos na doutrina e na jurisprudência após a edição da Lei 6515, de 26 de dezembro de 1977, também auxiliam na tarefa de tornar mais efetiva a análise pretendida. O estudo do regime patrimonial é ferramenta para a resolução de questões cada vez mais intrincadas, suscitadas pela contínua evolução do mundo negocial e por uma sociedade cada vez mais múltipla de relacionamentos, objetivos e interesses

Text in Afrikaans / By ontbinding van 'n huwelik buite gemeenskap van goed beskik die hof oor 'n diskresionere bevoegdheid om 'n herverdeling van bates van die onderskeie boedels te gelas. Die voorvereiste, naamlik 'n bydrae tot die instandhouding of vergroting van die boedel van die ander en die uitleg van die bewoording van die wet bring egter mee dat die hof se diskresie om 'n billike herverdeling te beveel ingekort is. Bydrae behoort op gelyke vlak tesarne met al die relevante faktore 'n rol te speel. Huwelikswangedrag behoort 'n beperkte rol te speel by herverdelingsbevele. In sekere gevalle sal dit egter onbillik wees om skuld as faktor te ignoreer. Die skuld van die party teen wie die verdeling gevra word behoort nie 'n rol te speel nie. Sekere wetswysiginge is nodig ten einde die doel van die wet, naamlik bereiking van geregtigheid tussen die partye, te bewerkstellig. / On dissolution of a maniage out of commwrity of property the court has discretionary power to order a distribution of the assets of the different estates. The precondition, namely a contribution to the maintenance or increase of the estate of the other, and the interpretation of the words of the act, however, results in a curtailment of the court's discretion to order a just and equitable distribution. Contribution should play a role on the same level as all the other relevant factors. Misconduct should play a restricted role in a redistribution order. However, in certain cases it would be inequitable to ignore misconduct as a factor. The misconduct of the party against whom the redistribution is sought should not play a role. Certain amendments of the act are necessary to achieve the aim of the act, namely the attaining of equity between the parties. / Private Law / LL. M.

The topic of my diploma thesis is "Law regulating property of spouses". The diploma thesis concerning marital property law is focused mainly on community property. This institute comes into power as a result of entering into a marriage. The aim of the diploma thesis is to describe ways how to secure separate property of spouses in a marriage. The thesis consists of seven chapters, the first chapter is an introduction to this topic and the seventh chapter is a conclusion. The second chapter of my thesis is devoted mainly to the historical development of the community property since 1811 to the current legislation often called as the "new" Civil Code (no. 89/2012). The diploma thesis describes in its third chapter which property consists of community property and which property is excluded from community property. The fourth chapter is focused on a division of community property in case of dissolution of a marriage. Community property can be divided equally between spouses (a husband and a wife) or differently. Spouses can agree on the division of property or it could be decided by court ruling. If either of the spouses does not ask for court decision, the division of community property is achieved by legal presumption (the rules set in the Civil Code for the division of property used after certain...

The topic of this Master thesis is Matrimonial property law, that is encoded within the Act no. 89/2012 Sb., Civil Code. The aim of this thesis is to analyze and describe current matrimonial property law regime, mainly the community property regime. The focus is on defining the legal framework of the community property regime and its modification options, such as community property contract or court decision. It also provides a look at the possibilities of protection and defense of the so called debt- free spouse. The text of the thesis is divided into seven chapters, introduction and conclusion. The first chapter provides a definition of some basic terms, such as the matrimonial property law and community property regime. The second chapter focuses on the legal provisions of the community property regime, meaning the general regime. It describes the scope of the community property regime, the assets and liabilities within and out of the scope of the community property. It also introduces the asset management within the community property legal framework. The aim of the third chapter is the contractual community property, as set out by the legal provisions. The law allows for three, alternatively four types of contractual regimes, such as separate property, regime that reserves the moment of...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:28:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiana Domingues Cardoso.pdf: 2058533 bytes, checksum: 13b2624e9c15233ae0f8c78f533caeb0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-20 / This study focuses the Pre Nuptial Agreement, analyzing the formalities required for its elaboration, as well as, the legal aspects and possibilities of its content, emphasizing the prevention against litigation that the institute can offer, which is currently not much explored in the national scenery. This work studies the legal business elaborated by the spouses before they get married institutes rules, mainly on the future family s patrimony. It regards and presents the legal nature of the pre nuptial agreement, and focuses the importance of such agreement as a tool to prevent disputes in the ambit of family law, presenting its legal and social usefulness. This study also debates forms for the optimization of the use of this tool. This study details the formal elements indispensable to any pre nuptial agreement, as well as the doctrinaire and jurisprudential views on the agreement content. This work also demonstrates a brief background of family and marriage in order to make the understanding of its main subject easier. It presents a number of types of property rulings, how they are dealt with in the Brazilian legal system and their correlation with the pre nuptial agreement. The study also explores examples of provisions that may be set forth in clauses of pre nuptial agreements, both in the patrimonial and extra-patrimonial ambits. It points out polemic matters related to the pre nuptial agreements, debating hypothesis of solution for each of them. Furthermore, it presents the effect of the pre nuptial agreement in private international law and the hypothesis of invalidity of pre nuptial conventions / O presente trabalho aborda o Pacto Antenupcial, analisando as formalidades exigidas para sua elaboração, bem como os aspectos e possibilidades jurídicas do seu conteúdo, enfatizando a função preventiva a litígios que o instituto pode oferecer, atualmente pouco explorado no cenário nacional. Explora o negócio jurídico elaborado pelos nubentes antes do casamento que institui regras especialmente sobre o patrimônio da futura família. Conceitua e apresenta a natureza jurídica do pacto antenupcial, e foca a importância do pacto como ferramenta de prevenção de conflitos no âmbito do direito de família, apresentando sua utilidade jurídica e social. Também debate formas para a otimização do uso dessa ferramenta. Detalha os elementos formais indispensáveis a qualquer pacto pré-nupcial, bem como apresenta exemplos e o enfoque doutrinário e jurisprudencial sobre o conteúdo dos pactos. Demonstra uma breve evolução histórica da família e do casamento visando auxiliar o entendimento do tema principal. Apresenta as diversas espécies de regimes de bens, seu tratamento no ordenamento jurídico nacional e a correlação com o pacto antenupcial. Explora exemplos de conteúdo clausulares que os pactos podem conter, tanto no âmbito patrimonial, quanto no extra-patrimonial. Aponta questões polêmicas relativas aos pactos, debatendo hipóteses de solução a cada uma delas. Ademais, apresenta a repercussão do pacto antenupcial no direito internacional privado e as hipóteses de invalidade das convenções pré-nupciais

Text in Afrikaans / By ontbinding van 'n huwelik buite gemeenskap van goed beskik die hof oor 'n diskresionere bevoegdheid om 'n herverdeling van bates van die onderskeie boedels te gelas. Die voorvereiste, naamlik 'n bydrae tot die instandhouding of vergroting van die boedel van die ander en die uitleg van die bewoording van die wet bring egter mee dat die hof se diskresie om 'n billike herverdeling te beveel ingekort is. Bydrae behoort op gelyke vlak tesarne met al die relevante faktore 'n rol te speel. Huwelikswangedrag behoort 'n beperkte rol te speel by herverdelingsbevele. In sekere gevalle sal dit egter onbillik wees om skuld as faktor te ignoreer. Die skuld van die party teen wie die verdeling gevra word behoort nie 'n rol te speel nie. Sekere wetswysiginge is nodig ten einde die doel van die wet, naamlik bereiking van geregtigheid tussen die partye, te bewerkstellig. / On dissolution of a maniage out of commwrity of property the court has discretionary power to order a distribution of the assets of the different estates. The precondition, namely a contribution to the maintenance or increase of the estate of the other, and the interpretation of the words of the act, however, results in a curtailment of the court's discretion to order a just and equitable distribution. Contribution should play a role on the same level as all the other relevant factors. Misconduct should play a restricted role in a redistribution order. However, in certain cases it would be inequitable to ignore misconduct as a factor. The misconduct of the party against whom the redistribution is sought should not play a role. Certain amendments of the act are necessary to achieve the aim of the act, namely the attaining of equity between the parties. / Private Law / LL. M.

In der Arbeit wird eine translationsorientierte Rechtsvergleichung des deutschen und französischen Güterrechts vorgenommen, um daraus übersetzungsrelevante Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede in Bezug auf die Textsorte Ehevertrag abzuleiten. Die grundsätzliche Fragestellung lautet, wie Eheleute ihre güterrechtlichen Verhältnisse in Deutschland und Frankreich per Ehevertrag regeln können. Nach ausführlichen Länderberichten werden ausgewählte Ehevertragsmuster exemplarisch dargestellt. Parallel dazu wird ein zweisprachiges Glossar erstellt, das relevante güterrechtliche Termini mit teils eigenen Übersetzungsvorschlägen enthält. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, dem/der Übersetzer:in eine Übersicht über die güterrechtlichen Strukturen beider Länder zu vermitteln und konkrete Übersetzungsvorschläge zu bieten, insbesondere auch für nicht deckungsgleiche Termini und Rechtsinstitute. Die Arbeit soll damit angesichts einer zunehmenden Zahl von Ehen mit Auslandsbezug oder binationalen Ehen einen rechtstranslatologsichen und translationspraktischen Beitrag für Übersetzer:innen leisten.:1 Einleitung 1.1 Statistiken 1.2 Abgrenzung zu PACS 2 Textsorte Ehevertrag 2.1 Begriffliche Definitionen 2.2 Übersetzungspraxis bei Eheverträgen 2.3 Besonderheiten des Urkundenübersetzens 2.4 Besonderheiten des juristischen Übersetzens: zwischen Sprach- und Rechtsvergleich 3 Grundsätzlicher Aufbau des deutschen und französischen Rechtssystems 3.1 Unterschiedliche Rechtskreise 3.2 Tendenz der Annäherung nationaler Rechtssysteme 3.3 Unterschiedliche Kodifikationsstile des BGB und C. civ. 3.4 Einführung in das Vertragsrecht 3.4.1 Das deutsche Vertragsrecht 3.4.2 Das französische Vertragsrecht 3.4.3 Bewertung von Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden 3.5 Funktionale Rechtsvergleichung als Mittel der Wahl 4 Länderberichte: Güterrecht in Deutschland und Frankreich 4.1 Deutschland 4.1.1 Einführung in das deutsche Güterrecht 4.1.2 Der gesetzliche Güterstand der Zugewinngemeinschaft 4.1.3 Vertragliche Güterstände a. Die Gütertrennung b. Die Gütergemeinschaft 4.2 Frankreich 4.2.1 Einführung in das französische Güterrecht 4.2.2 Der gesetzliche Güterstand der communauté réduite aux acquêts a. Vergleich der gesetzlichen Güterstande in Deutschland und Frankreich 4.2.3 Vertragliche Güterstände a. Die communauté universelle b. Die communauté de meubles et acquêts c. Die séparation des biens d. Die participation aux acquêts 4.3 Abschließende Bewertung von Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden 4.4 Güterrecht bei Ehen mit Auslandsbezug 4.4.1 EU-Verordnungen zum Güterrecht 4.4.2 Probleme bei Ehen mit Auslandsbezug 4.5 Die deutsch-französische Wahl-Zugewinngemeinschaft 4.5.1 Bestrebungen zur Vereinheitlichung des Güterrechts 5 Der Ehevertrag aus juristischer Perspektive 5.1 Der deutsche Ehevertrag 5.1.1 Funktion und Regelungsinhalte a. Eheverträge im engeren Sinne b. Eheverträge im weiteren Sinne c. Abgrenzung zu Scheidungsfolgen- und Trennungsvereinbarungen 5.1.2 Abschluss und Wirksamkeitsvoraussetzungen 5.1.3 Inhaltliche Vertragsfreiheit und ihre Grenzen 5.2 Der französische Ehevertrag 5.2.1 Funktion und Regelungsinhalte 5.2.2 Avantages matrimoniaux (güterrechtliche Vorteile) 5.2.3 Abschluss und Wirksamkeitsvoraussetzungen 5.2.4 Inhaltliche Vertragsfreiheit und ihre Grenzen 5.3 Bewertung von Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden 6 Eheverträge aus translatorischer Perspektive 6.1 Betrachtung ausgewählter Vertragsmuster 6.2 Textsortenkonventionen 6.3 Übersetzungsverfahren 7 Zusammenfassung und abschließende Bewertung Verzeichnisse und Anhänge Literatur Ehevertragsmuster Glossar / The main focus of the thesis lies on a translation-oriented legal comparison of the German and French matrimonial property law. The goal is to identify legal, formal, and linguistic similarities and differences of prenuptial agreements in Germany and France, which might be important for translators. The central question of the research is how spouses can set up their property relations in Germany and in France through prenuptial agreements. After a detailed representation of the country specific legal structures, some German and French prenuptial agreements will be discussed as examples. The final section consists of a bilingual glossary which contains relevant legal terminology in this field with possible translation solutions. The main goal of the paper is to provide translators with an overview of the German and French property law system and to offer potential translation solutions, especially with respect to terms and legal institutions without direct equivalents in the other legal system.:1 Einleitung 1.1 Statistiken 1.2 Abgrenzung zu PACS 2 Textsorte Ehevertrag 2.1 Begriffliche Definitionen 2.2 Übersetzungspraxis bei Eheverträgen 2.3 Besonderheiten des Urkundenübersetzens 2.4 Besonderheiten des juristischen Übersetzens: zwischen Sprach- und Rechtsvergleich 3 Grundsätzlicher Aufbau des deutschen und französischen Rechtssystems 3.1 Unterschiedliche Rechtskreise 3.2 Tendenz der Annäherung nationaler Rechtssysteme 3.3 Unterschiedliche Kodifikationsstile des BGB und C. civ. 3.4 Einführung in das Vertragsrecht 3.4.1 Das deutsche Vertragsrecht 3.4.2 Das französische Vertragsrecht 3.4.3 Bewertung von Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden 3.5 Funktionale Rechtsvergleichung als Mittel der Wahl 4 Länderberichte: Güterrecht in Deutschland und Frankreich 4.1 Deutschland 4.1.1 Einführung in das deutsche Güterrecht 4.1.2 Der gesetzliche Güterstand der Zugewinngemeinschaft 4.1.3 Vertragliche Güterstände a. Die Gütertrennung b. Die Gütergemeinschaft 4.2 Frankreich 4.2.1 Einführung in das französische Güterrecht 4.2.2 Der gesetzliche Güterstand der communauté réduite aux acquêts a. Vergleich der gesetzlichen Güterstande in Deutschland und Frankreich 4.2.3 Vertragliche Güterstände a. Die communauté universelle b. Die communauté de meubles et acquêts c. Die séparation des biens d. Die participation aux acquêts 4.3 Abschließende Bewertung von Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden 4.4 Güterrecht bei Ehen mit Auslandsbezug 4.4.1 EU-Verordnungen zum Güterrecht 4.4.2 Probleme bei Ehen mit Auslandsbezug 4.5 Die deutsch-französische Wahl-Zugewinngemeinschaft 4.5.1 Bestrebungen zur Vereinheitlichung des Güterrechts 5 Der Ehevertrag aus juristischer Perspektive 5.1 Der deutsche Ehevertrag 5.1.1 Funktion und Regelungsinhalte a. Eheverträge im engeren Sinne b. Eheverträge im weiteren Sinne c. Abgrenzung zu Scheidungsfolgen- und Trennungsvereinbarungen 5.1.2 Abschluss und Wirksamkeitsvoraussetzungen 5.1.3 Inhaltliche Vertragsfreiheit und ihre Grenzen 5.2 Der französische Ehevertrag 5.2.1 Funktion und Regelungsinhalte 5.2.2 Avantages matrimoniaux (güterrechtliche Vorteile) 5.2.3 Abschluss und Wirksamkeitsvoraussetzungen 5.2.4 Inhaltliche Vertragsfreiheit und ihre Grenzen 5.3 Bewertung von Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden 6 Eheverträge aus translatorischer Perspektive 6.1 Betrachtung ausgewählter Vertragsmuster 6.2 Textsortenkonventionen 6.3 Übersetzungsverfahren 7 Zusammenfassung und abschließende Bewertung Verzeichnisse und Anhänge Literatur Ehevertragsmuster Glossar

Mr. Eduard Němeček, MD Divorce issue and its consequences Diploma Thesis 5. Summary: This work proposes a closer look at the divorce-related topics with consequential impacts both on financial situation of divorced spouses and destinies of minor children as resulting from divorced marriages in Czech Republic. Till date, this issue has been solved in different ways at both district and regional courts. In our republic, a more unifying element is represented by decisions of the Supreme and Constitutional Courts. This is a very serious social phenomenon which, according to statistics affects a large number of parents, children, but also childless partners. Yet from ancient times this phenomenon is known to be socially undesirable being almost entirely rejected by the Catholic Church in its canon law. The increase in divorces has resulted namely from the advancement procedure of society. It is a societal phenomenon known to occur irrelatively of the states and political systems, from the totalitarian regimes through those autocratic, up to highly democratic systems of developed countries worldwide. During the creation of this work, up to 40% of marriages have been critically monitored as expected to be ended in divorce. It's a long-term social phenomenon that surpassed all political systems from the...

Substantive gender equality has yet to be achieved in South Africa. As such, when a decision is made for one of the spouses to a civil marriage to stay at home and care for the children born of the marriage, or make career sacrifices to care for children, that spouse is usually the wife. As a result, while the husband continues to amass wealth and grow his earning potential, the wife is unable to do so. In circumstances where such spouses are married out of community of property or subject to the accrual system with onerous exclusion clauses in the antenuptial contract, the wife may be left with little more than a claim for rehabilitative maintenance in the event of a divorce. The courts only have the discretion to make an equitable distribution of marital property in civil marriages with complete separation of property concluded prior to 1 November 1984 (or 2 December 1988) and customary marriages. It is arguable that this limitation of the judicial discretion violates the equality clause contained in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. A broad judicial discretion to equitably redistribute the spouses’ assets upon divorce is therefore proposed in this dissertation. / Private Law / LL.M.

Substantive gender equality has yet to be achieved in South Africa. As such, when a decision is made for one of the spouses to a civil marriage to stay at home and care for the children born of the marriage, or make career sacrifices to care for children, that spouse is usually the wife. As a result, while the husband continues to amass wealth and grow his earning potential, the wife is unable to do so. In circumstances where such spouses are married out of community of property or subject to the accrual system with onerous exclusion clauses in the antenuptial contract, the wife may be left with little more than a claim for rehabilitative maintenance in the event of a divorce. The courts only have the discretion to make an equitable distribution of marital property in civil marriages with complete separation of property concluded prior to 1 November 1984 (or 2 December 1988) and customary marriages. It is arguable that this limitation of the judicial discretion violates the equality clause contained in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. A broad judicial discretion to equitably redistribute the spouses’ assets upon divorce is therefore proposed in this dissertation. / Private Law / LL. M.