Magister Chirurgiae Dentium - MChD / Aim: To determine the prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and the association between systemic and local risk factors

We compared several group and individual testing strategies in terms of cost and accuracy and then showed which one is more accurate while costing as little as possible for a specified prevalence rate. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Since the inception of the 1974 Education for all Handicapped Children legislation, the number of students referred and placed in special education has been steadily rising. The largest increase is in the learning disabilities category. With the reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 and the federal requirements for schools under the No Child Left Behind law, schools are required to take a closer look at their rising special education numbers and identify alternative solutions for children's needs other than a certain placement in special education. There are different levels of variables that influence a teacher's decision to refer a student to special education. This study aimed to understand the mesosystem school variables that influence this process. Using two scales, the Organizational Health Inventory for Elementary Schools (OHI-E) and the Collective Efficacy Scale (CE-Scale) this study used purposive sampling to survey ten elementary school faculties in a large suburban district in Virginia. LD prevalence rates were collected for all elementary schools in the district. Data was analyzed to answer the following questions: (a) How does school organizational health correlate with the number of students referred to special education in a given school? (b) How does collective teacher efficacy correlate to the number of students referred for special education services? The overall return rate for the survey was 87% with 490 teacher surveys completed. Teachers did not have many teaching years in their buildings. Teachers with twelve or more teaching years experience were more likely to refer students to special education. Collective teacher efficacy scores were correlated to school health scores but not to LD prevalence rates. Higher institutional integrity was seen in smaller schools. Title I schools did not correlate with higher LD prevalence rates. Two variables predicted referrals to special education; years teaching in combination with teacher efficacy resulted in greater referrals to special education. The findings of this study may aid educational leaders in making sound changes within school environments to affect the school's LD prevalence rate, addressing particularly teacher efficacy and referral habits of more experienced teachers. / Ed. D.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a prevalência do uso de benzodiazepínicos (BZDs) em mulheres de uma unidade da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). Analisou-se também as possíveis associações do uso de BZD com fatores sociodemográficos, acometimento de doenças crônicas e uso de outros psicotrópicos. O recorte de gênero justifica-se pelas evidências científicas de maior uso destes fármacos por mulheres. O lócus da atenção básica foi escolhido a partir da observação sobre a carência de estudos, especialmente brasileiros, neste setting. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, de corte transversal e caráter correlacional e descritivo. Os dados foram coletados nos prontuários, fichas cadastrais e arquivo de receitas da farmácia responsável pela região. Foram realizadas análises através de estatística descritiva, análises bivariadas e regressão logística considerando como variável desfecho o uso de BZDs. A prevalência encontrada no presente estudo foi de 7,4% (n=1094), abaixo das descritas em estudos similares. Entende-se que o foco mais preventivo das ESFs possam contribuir para estes achados ou que a qualidade dos registros tenha interferido nestes resultados. As usuárias de BZDs estudadas estavam em sua maioria na faixa de idade de 56 a 74 anos (48,4%), estudaram somente até o primeiro grau completo (65,6%), autorreferiram pelo menos uma doença crônica (82,2%) e quase metade usava, concomitantemente, pelo menos um outro psicotrópico (48,4%). Houve associação significativa entre usar BZDs e ter baixa escolaridade (p=0,005), apresentar doenças autorreferidas (p=0,000) e consumir outros psicotrópicos (p=0,000). A associação entre idades mais elevadas e uso de BZDs (p=0,005) também foi significativa. As análises apontaram ainda que as mulheres que usavam outros psicotrópicos apresentaram cinco vezes mais chances de usar BZDs do que as que não usavam. As mulheres com doença autorreferida apresentaram quase cinco vezes mais chances de usarem BZDs do que as que não referiram doenças. Conclui-se que o grupo que deve ser priorizado em relação ao consumo destas substâncias é o de mulheres de meia idade ou mais, com pouca escolaridade e doença crônica. Recomenda-se que as equipes se atentem para as necessidades psicossociais das pessoas com transtorno mental, discutam e empreendam esforços para implementar ações para inserção e reinserção social e de ampliação das redes de apoio que possam ser estratégicas no auxílio à contenção dos sintomas e melhoria da qualidade de vida dessas pessoas, na tentativa de evitar o uso de mais psicotrópicos e/ou de serviços de maior complexidade / The aim of the present study was identifying the prevalence of Benzodiazepine (BZD) by women in a Family health care program (FHPs). It was also analyzed the possible associations of the use of BZD with sociodemographic factors, affection of chronic diseases and use of other psychotropic drugs. The choice of gender was justified by scientific literature pointing women to be the major BZD users. The choice of basic health care was done because of the lack in studies in those settings in Brazil. It is a quantitative study of cross section and of correlational descriptive type. Data were collected on the charts and registration sheets and recipes from responsible pharmacy for the geographical region. Analyses were performed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression, considering as the outcome variable the use of BZDs. The prevalence found in this study was 7.4% (n = 1094) and was below than others the found in similar studies. It is understood that the most preventive focus of the FHPs may contribute to these findings or the quality of the records have interfered in these results. Users of BZDs studied were in majority in the age range from 56 to 74 years (48.4%), studied only up to the first degree (65.6%), self- mentioned at least one disease (82.2%) and almost half used at least one other psychotropic drug (48.4%) at the same time. There was a significant association between using BZDs and have low educational level (p = 0.005), present self- mentioned diseases (p = 0.000) and the use of other psychotropic drugs (p = 0.000). The association between higher ages and use of BZDs (p = 0.005) was also significant. Analyzes also showed that women who used other psychotropic drugs were five times more likely to use BZDs than those who did not. Women with self- reported disease were almost five times more likely to use BZDs than women who did not report diseases. We concluded that the groups that should receive more attention in relation to the consumption of these substances are those of middle-aged women or older with low schooling, and with chronic disease. It is recommended that the health teams pay attention to the psychosocial needs of persons with mental disorder, discuss and take efforts to implement actions for insertion and social reintegration as well as the expansion of networks of support that can be a strategic aid to the containment of symptoms and improving of the quality of life of these people, in an attempt to avoid the use of more psychotropic drugs and/or of the services of greater complexity

O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a prevalência do uso de benzodiazepínicos (BZDs) em mulheres de uma unidade da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). Analisou-se também as possíveis associações do uso de BZD com fatores sociodemográficos, acometimento de doenças crônicas e uso de outros psicotrópicos. O recorte de gênero justifica-se pelas evidências científicas de maior uso destes fármacos por mulheres. O lócus da atenção básica foi escolhido a partir da observação sobre a carência de estudos, especialmente brasileiros, neste setting. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, de corte transversal e caráter correlacional e descritivo. Os dados foram coletados nos prontuários, fichas cadastrais e arquivo de receitas da farmácia responsável pela região. Foram realizadas análises através de estatística descritiva, análises bivariadas e regressão logística considerando como variável desfecho o uso de BZDs. A prevalência encontrada no presente estudo foi de 7,4% (n=1094), abaixo das descritas em estudos similares. Entende-se que o foco mais preventivo das ESFs possam contribuir para estes achados ou que a qualidade dos registros tenha interferido nestes resultados. As usuárias de BZDs estudadas estavam em sua maioria na faixa de idade de 56 a 74 anos (48,4%), estudaram somente até o primeiro grau completo (65,6%), autorreferiram pelo menos uma doença crônica (82,2%) e quase metade usava, concomitantemente, pelo menos um outro psicotrópico (48,4%). Houve associação significativa entre usar BZDs e ter baixa escolaridade (p=0,005), apresentar doenças autorreferidas (p=0,000) e consumir outros psicotrópicos (p=0,000). A associação entre idades mais elevadas e uso de BZDs (p=0,005) também foi significativa. As análises apontaram ainda que as mulheres que usavam outros psicotrópicos apresentaram cinco vezes mais chances de usar BZDs do que as que não usavam. As mulheres com doença autorreferida apresentaram quase cinco vezes mais chances de usarem BZDs do que as que não referiram doenças. Conclui-se que o grupo que deve ser priorizado em relação ao consumo destas substâncias é o de mulheres de meia idade ou mais, com pouca escolaridade e doença crônica. Recomenda-se que as equipes se atentem para as necessidades psicossociais das pessoas com transtorno mental, discutam e empreendam esforços para implementar ações para inserção e reinserção social e de ampliação das redes de apoio que possam ser estratégicas no auxílio à contenção dos sintomas e melhoria da qualidade de vida dessas pessoas, na tentativa de evitar o uso de mais psicotrópicos e/ou de serviços de maior complexidade / The aim of the present study was identifying the prevalence of Benzodiazepine (BZD) by women in a Family health care program (FHPs). It was also analyzed the possible associations of the use of BZD with sociodemographic factors, affection of chronic diseases and use of other psychotropic drugs. The choice of gender was justified by scientific literature pointing women to be the major BZD users. The choice of basic health care was done because of the lack in studies in those settings in Brazil. It is a quantitative study of cross section and of correlational descriptive type. Data were collected on the charts and registration sheets and recipes from responsible pharmacy for the geographical region. Analyses were performed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression, considering as the outcome variable the use of BZDs. The prevalence found in this study was 7.4% (n = 1094) and was below than others the found in similar studies. It is understood that the most preventive focus of the FHPs may contribute to these findings or the quality of the records have interfered in these results. Users of BZDs studied were in majority in the age range from 56 to 74 years (48.4%), studied only up to the first degree (65.6%), self- mentioned at least one disease (82.2%) and almost half used at least one other psychotropic drug (48.4%) at the same time. There was a significant association between using BZDs and have low educational level (p = 0.005), present self- mentioned diseases (p = 0.000) and the use of other psychotropic drugs (p = 0.000). The association between higher ages and use of BZDs (p = 0.005) was also significant. Analyzes also showed that women who used other psychotropic drugs were five times more likely to use BZDs than those who did not. Women with self- reported disease were almost five times more likely to use BZDs than women who did not report diseases. We concluded that the groups that should receive more attention in relation to the consumption of these substances are those of middle-aged women or older with low schooling, and with chronic disease. It is recommended that the health teams pay attention to the psychosocial needs of persons with mental disorder, discuss and take efforts to implement actions for insertion and social reintegration as well as the expansion of networks of support that can be a strategic aid to the containment of symptoms and improving of the quality of life of these people, in an attempt to avoid the use of more psychotropic drugs and/or of the services of greater complexity

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / The purpose of this research is to study the effect of different demographic and socio economic factors on the contraceptive use among currently married women of age 15-49 in the two regions of Ethiopia, Amhara (17,214,056) and Oromiya (27,158,471). Data are obtained from the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Information on contraceptive use was provided by current use 1334 (14.7), future use 4017 (52.0), unmet need for spacing 1817 (20.0) and limiting 1249 (13.3) currently married women aged 15-49 interviewed in the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). / South Africa

<p>The purpose of this research is to study the effect of different demographic and socio economic factors on the contraceptive use among currently married women of age 15-49 in the two regions of Ethiopia, Amhara (17,214,056) and Oromiya (27,158,471). Data are obtained from the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Information on contraceptive use was provided by current use 1334 (14.7), future use 4017 (52.0), unmet need for spacing 1817 (20.0) and limiting 1249 (13.3) currently married women aged 15&ndash / 49 interviewed in the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS).</p>

<p>The purpose of this research is to study the effect of different demographic and socio economic factors on the contraceptive use among currently married women of age 15-49 in the two regions of Ethiopia, Amhara (17,214,056) and Oromiya (27,158,471). Data are obtained from the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Information on contraceptive use was provided by current use 1334 (14.7), future use 4017 (52.0), unmet need for spacing 1817 (20.0) and limiting 1249 (13.3) currently married women aged 15&ndash / 49 interviewed in the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS).</p>