Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O eixo temático se desenvolveu a partir do questionamento sobre como foi o processo de reconstrução de Sagunto, que foi promovido por Roma. A região de Sagunto configura como o motivo central para o embate entre romanos e cartagineses. Todavia, com o término da Segunda Guerra Púnica (218-202 a.C.), a cidade estava destruída e uma embaixada saguntina foi enviada para Roma, a fim de solicitar ao Senado sua reorganização. O pedido aparece como sendo bem aceito pelos senadores romanos. Contudo, a partir desse momento, começa o silenciamento. A escassez de informações sobre a temática foi o primeiro problema encontrado ao longo da pesquisa. Sendo assim, foi necessário recorrer à documentação arqueológica da cidade, à numismática e à epigrafia para conseguir preencher as lacunas referentes ao tema de pesquisa. Os indícios possibilitaram não somente compreender a cidade de Sagunto e seus vários estatutos jurídicos perante Roma, como também lançar outro olhar sobre as práticas imperialistas. Ao evocar Edward Said como teórico deste trabalho, elemento de inovação da pesquisa, é possível construir a estrutura de atitudes e referências que os romanos, entre os séculos II a.C. e I d.C., aplicaram na região saguntina para consolidar o seu poder. Assim, por meio do estudo das entidades geográficas, compreende-se o espaço físico da cidade e, pelo conceito de entidades culturais, analisam-se o sistema administrativo e os colégios sacerdotais atuantes em Sagunto, no século I d.C. Logo, o imperialismo romano pode ser visto como um mecanismo que se vale de diversos elementos, os quais não se limitam à força no processo de ocupação. Em suma, política e cultura são peças centrais no processo de preservação do poder romano no espaço provincial. / The main theme of this paper evolved from questioning how was the process of reconstruction of Sagunt, which was promoted by Rome. The region of Sagunt configured as the central reason for the clash between the Romans and Carthaginians. However, with the end of the Second Punic War (218-201 B.C.), the city was destroyed and a Saguntine embassy was sent to Rome in order to ask the Senate for its reorganization. The request seemed to be well accepted by Roman senators. From that moment, silence began. The shortage of information about the subject was the first problem found during the research. Therefore, it was necessary to resort to archaeological documentation of the city, as well as to numismatics and epigraphy, in order to fill in the gaps regarding the research topic. The evidence enabled us to not understand the city of Sagunt and its various juridical statutes faced to Rome, but also look afresh at the imperialist practices. When Edward Said is evoked as theoretical reference, the aspect of innovation of this research, it is possible to build the structure of attitudes and references that Romans implemented in the Saguntine region, between the centuries II B.C. and I A.D., to consolidate their power. So, the study of geographic entities allows the understanding of the citys physical space . The concept of cultural entities enables an analyses of the administrative system and the priestly colleges operating in Sagunt in the first century A.D. Roman imperialism can be seen as a mechanism that draws on several elements, which are not limited to force in the occupation process. In short, politics and culture are central in the process of preservation of Roman power in the provincial area.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O eixo temático se desenvolveu a partir do questionamento sobre como foi o processo de reconstrução de Sagunto, que foi promovido por Roma. A região de Sagunto configura como o motivo central para o embate entre romanos e cartagineses. Todavia, com o término da Segunda Guerra Púnica (218-202 a.C.), a cidade estava destruída e uma embaixada saguntina foi enviada para Roma, a fim de solicitar ao Senado sua reorganização. O pedido aparece como sendo bem aceito pelos senadores romanos. Contudo, a partir desse momento, começa o silenciamento. A escassez de informações sobre a temática foi o primeiro problema encontrado ao longo da pesquisa. Sendo assim, foi necessário recorrer à documentação arqueológica da cidade, à numismática e à epigrafia para conseguir preencher as lacunas referentes ao tema de pesquisa. Os indícios possibilitaram não somente compreender a cidade de Sagunto e seus vários estatutos jurídicos perante Roma, como também lançar outro olhar sobre as práticas imperialistas. Ao evocar Edward Said como teórico deste trabalho, elemento de inovação da pesquisa, é possível construir a estrutura de atitudes e referências que os romanos, entre os séculos II a.C. e I d.C., aplicaram na região saguntina para consolidar o seu poder. Assim, por meio do estudo das entidades geográficas, compreende-se o espaço físico da cidade e, pelo conceito de entidades culturais, analisam-se o sistema administrativo e os colégios sacerdotais atuantes em Sagunto, no século I d.C. Logo, o imperialismo romano pode ser visto como um mecanismo que se vale de diversos elementos, os quais não se limitam à força no processo de ocupação. Em suma, política e cultura são peças centrais no processo de preservação do poder romano no espaço provincial. / The main theme of this paper evolved from questioning how was the process of reconstruction of Sagunt, which was promoted by Rome. The region of Sagunt configured as the central reason for the clash between the Romans and Carthaginians. However, with the end of the Second Punic War (218-201 B.C.), the city was destroyed and a Saguntine embassy was sent to Rome in order to ask the Senate for its reorganization. The request seemed to be well accepted by Roman senators. From that moment, silence began. The shortage of information about the subject was the first problem found during the research. Therefore, it was necessary to resort to archaeological documentation of the city, as well as to numismatics and epigraphy, in order to fill in the gaps regarding the research topic. The evidence enabled us to not understand the city of Sagunt and its various juridical statutes faced to Rome, but also look afresh at the imperialist practices. When Edward Said is evoked as theoretical reference, the aspect of innovation of this research, it is possible to build the structure of attitudes and references that Romans implemented in the Saguntine region, between the centuries II B.C. and I A.D., to consolidate their power. So, the study of geographic entities allows the understanding of the citys physical space . The concept of cultural entities enables an analyses of the administrative system and the priestly colleges operating in Sagunt in the first century A.D. Roman imperialism can be seen as a mechanism that draws on several elements, which are not limited to force in the occupation process. In short, politics and culture are central in the process of preservation of Roman power in the provincial area.

The thesis deals with the life and work of the Prague Franciscan priest Jan Evangelista Urban. Within his writings it looks for the impulses that could help contemporary priests to live their own priesthood authentically. The first chapter introduces Urban's personality, his selected contemporaries and the historical context. The second chapter looks for key topics in relation to priestly life in Urban's speeches and other extant sources. The third chapter is focused on the way how to live the priestly life in everyday conditions; it also presents Urban's idea of a real and authentic disciple of God. The second and the third chapter contain a personal reflection and synthesis that tries to catch the principal message of Urban's thought.

This thesis traces the history of the restoration and development of the Aaronic Priesthood and its offices of priest, teacher, and deacon, from 1829 to the middle 1840s in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The major areas of emphasis include the organizational structure of the Aaronic Priesthood, the responsibilities assigned to priests, teachers, and deacons, and the relationship of the functions of the Aaronic Priesthood which are first given in Section 13 of the Doctrine and Covenants, namely the ministering of angels, the preparatory gospel, and the offering of the sons of Levi. Also included is the role of the Aaronic Priesthood in the temples during the formative period of the Church.Interesting finding of the study includes 1) the functioning of priests as presidents of priests quorums instead of bishops, 2) the guardianship or watchman role of teachers and priests and the quasi-legal position therein entailed, and 3) the ordinances of the Kirtland temple participated in by priests, teachers, and deacons in the temple.

This study had two main purposes. Its first is to test the theoretical proposition that there is a carry-over into other systems of behavior as a result of group cohesion. For example, as scouting activities increased, Aaronic Priesthood activities increased. And according to the reference group theory, individuals join reference groups to fulfill certain needs, wants, goals, etc. In an active Boy Scout program many of these needs, wants, and goals are satisfied as the boys participate in the activities outlined by the Boy Scouts of America. Furthermore, once these needs are satisfied, change toward conformity tends to carry over into other systems of behavior.

The daunting sojourn of migrant church members can be likened to what’s described in John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress. What the Church offers them are the rituals of formation and a host’s temporary benevolence. Their expressed spirituality sees sacraments as means of grace towards a higher status through competition. The quest for earthly status by using sacraments as means to economic salvation is an expression of a progressive spirituality. This thesis closes the gap between spirituality and earthly status through a progressive form of liberation theology as an evangelistic framework, using farming as an ancient and economically beneficial ritual.

This study has investigated the debate about allowing women to be consecrated as priests that started as a propositon at the Church meetings in Sweden between 1957 and 1958. The essay's purpose was to shed light on the newspaper debate attitude towards the introduction of female priests, focusing on the debates that took place in two dioceses: Gothenburg and Växjö. It presents the arguments for and against female priests that occur in the studies material. Furthermore, the study has also examined which groups argued for and against female priests with a grouping by gender. The study has in a larger sense tried to bring greater understanding of gender relations in theological circles in the 1950s. To examine this the study is based on debate articles and letters to the editor in local newspapers from the two dioceses.    The primary result of the essay was that the secular arguments for and against female priests was based on the perception that men and women are different to each other and that this could either hurt or help the church. Some also argued that men and women are the same and that they therefore should be allowed in the priesthood. Regarding the theological arguments, revolves around how the Bible should be interpreted in the modern day. Furthermore, the study showed that both dioceses argued in majority for female priests, but the resistance was greater in Gothenburg and amongst men in both dioceses.

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This study is the product of research in the field of systematic theology, particularly the subject of women in ministry. The goal was to provide, given the scope and limits of the study, the most persuasive case for women elders (or “pastors”) from a Reformed-Evangelical approach to date. The primary means of accomplishing this goal is by making an analytically constructed argument that is both exegetically and theologically sound. The introduction outlines the study’s basic objectives, structure, research methods, assumptions, and overall direction. Two gives a detailed literature review of major publications on the subject of women ministry in order to track the movement of the debate. Three explores theological methods that addresses theological loci, the role of hermeneutics, and the theological-analytical structure and content of Reformed-Evangelical arguments for women elders. Chapter Four explores conceptual framework, which frames the specific, contemporary debate over women elders in Reformed-Evangelical circles, and then addresses the insights and challenges of feminist theology and Roman Catholic theology. The heart of the study is captured in three main chapters that present a case for women elders in the church. The first argument provides a detailed examination of the “prohibition passages” in the New Testament and concludes that they do not prohibit women from being elders. The second argument provides a sweeping account of the proclamation of the gospel in New Testament theology, and affirms that anti-women-elder readings and attitudes simply do not conform to the actions, attitudes, and teachings of the early church regarding gender and gospel-proclamation. Finally, the third section provides three additional arguments in favor of women elders. The first argument addresses the nature of hermeneutics and application of specific interpretations, the second addresses the nature of marriage and its relationship to church leadership, and the third deals with functions of women in NT ministry. The research concludes with Chapter Eight, which summarizes the argument and introduces practical ramifications if the study’s premises and conclusions are true. / Philosophy & Systematic Theology / D. Th. (Systematic Theology)

The Priesthood in Anglo-Saxon England explores the life and work of priests in England between the arrival of St. Augustine in 597 and the reforming Council of Clofesho of 747. It seeks to reposition priests within the consciousness of Anglo-Saxon historians by demonstrating the essential role which they played first in the conversion of the English, and then in the pastoral care which the English people received up to the reforms instigated by Archbishop Cuthbert at the 747 Council of Clofesho. The thesis draws on several trends in recent Anglo-Saxon historiography, notably focus in recent years on the role and function of monasteria. Sarah Foot’s work, Monastic Life in Anglo-Saxon England, c. 600 – 900, is the primary study in this area. Many historians working in this area have read Bede’s Historia Ecclesiastica, the main narrative source for our period, in a predominantly monastic light. Close attention to the text of this and other works of Bede’s however demonstrates that priests were indispensable in the initial conversion and continued care of the people, particularly because of their ability to celebrate the sacraments. This thesis contends that monasteria increasingly gained control over pastoral care through their continued endowment and royal privilege. This effectively removed the cura animarum from the bishops, to whom it was theoretically entrusted. Following the example of Theodore and Bede, and on the prompting of his contemporary Boniface, in 747 Archbishop Cuthbert recognised the need to reform the structure of the church in Southumbria, particularly the relationship between the episcopate and the monasteria, and so restore the cure to its rightful place. He and his fellow bishops achieved this by redefining pastoral care along sacramental grounds, thereby excluding monks from its exercise, and putting the priest back at the heart of the church’s mission to the people of England.