Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / eeue is dit in die kerk verwaarloos omdat die kerk dikwels staatskerk was en gemeentelede vanwee die ampshieragie in die kerk as minderwaardig beskou is en gevolglik passief geraak het. Selfs na die Hervorming het gemeentestrukture nie so verander dat gemeentelede aangemoedig is om God se priesters in die wereld te wees nie. In die Ned Geref Kerk is dit ook die geval. Tot en met die eerste demokratiese verkiesing in Suid-Afrika in 1994, was daar 'n intieme band tussen die kerk en die staat en tot nou toe nog, is dit 'n kerk met 'n baie sterk ampshierargie. Die gevolg is dat gelowiges nie deur die tipiese gemeentestruktuur in die kerk aangemoedig word om God se priesters in die wereld te wees nie, maar eerder om die gemeente te konserveer en te bewaar. Suid-Afrika met sy lae produktiwiteitsyfer en buitengewone hoe misdaadsyfer sou vandag baie beter daaraan toe gewees het as getowiges binne die Ned Geref Kerk oor die jare heen deur die gemeentestruktuur aangemoedig is om as God se verteenwoordigers in die samelewing op te tree.wereld op te tree, is dit nodig dat gemeentes vanuit die perspektief van die algemene priesterskap van die gelowige, nuut gestruktureer word. Hiervoor is 'n teorie en 'n ekklesiologiese model vir die algemene priesterskap van die gelowige nodig. In hierdie studie word nie net alleen so 'n teorie en model ontwikkel nie, maar word ook aangedui hoe hierdie model reeds binne 'n gemeente in die Ned Geref Kerk toegepas is. maak om op die wereld in plaas van op die konservering en bewaring van die gemeente te fokus. Die studie word afgesluit met die hoop dat gemeentes krities sal reflekteer oor die algemene priesterskap van gelowiges en sal oorweeg om te herstruktureer sodat iets van die algemene priesterskap van die gelowige in die toekoms tot sy reg sal kom. / The general priesthood of the believer is emphasised in the Bible. But the church has neglected it through the ages because the church often was a state church and church members were regarded as inferior and became passive due to the official hierarchy in the church. extent as to encourage church members to function as God's priests in the world. This is also the case in the Dutch Reformed Church. Up to the first democratic election in South Africa in 1994 there was an intimate bond between this church and the state, and to this day the Dutch Reformed Church has a very strong official hierarchy. Consequently the typical congregational structure of the church does not encourage church members to function as God's priests in the world but rather to conserve and preserve the congregation. South Africa, with its low rate of productivity and exceptionally high crime rate, would have been much better off today if the congregational structures had over the years encouraged believers in the Dutch Reformed Church to act as God's representatives in society. Should congregations wish to encourage their members to act as God's priests in the world, it will be necessary to restructure themselves from the perspective of the general priesthood of believers. Such theory and model are developed in this study. It is also shown how such a model has already been applied in a congregation of the Dutch Reformed Church. The study divides the ministerial responsibility of the believer into two categories, namely internal and external responsibility. This division enables congregations to focus on the world in stead of the conservation and preservation of the congregation as such. The study is concluded in the hope that congregations will take a critical look at the general priesthood of believers and will consider restructuring themselves so that individual believers will embrace their general priesthood in future. / D.Th.(Practical Theology)

Text in Afrikaans / Summaries in English and Afrikaans / eeue is dit in die kerk verwaarloos omdat die kerk dikwels staatskerk was en gemeentelede vanwee die ampshieragie in die kerk as minderwaardig beskou is en gevolglik passief geraak het. Selfs na die Hervorming het gemeentestrukture nie so verander dat gemeentelede aangemoedig is om God se priesters in die wereld te wees nie. In die Ned Geref Kerk is dit ook die geval. Tot en met die eerste demokratiese verkiesing in Suid-Afrika in 1994, was daar 'n intieme band tussen die kerk en die staat en tot nou toe nog, is dit 'n kerk met 'n baie sterk ampshierargie. Die gevolg is dat gelowiges nie deur die tipiese gemeentestruktuur in die kerk aangemoedig word om God se priesters in die wereld te wees nie, maar eerder om die gemeente te konserveer en te bewaar. Suid-Afrika met sy lae produktiwiteitsyfer en buitengewone hoe misdaadsyfer sou vandag baie beter daaraan toe gewees het as getowiges binne die Ned Geref Kerk oor die jare heen deur die gemeentestruktuur aangemoedig is om as God se verteenwoordigers in die samelewing op te tree.wereld op te tree, is dit nodig dat gemeentes vanuit die perspektief van die algemene priesterskap van die gelowige, nuut gestruktureer word. Hiervoor is 'n teorie en 'n ekklesiologiese model vir die algemene priesterskap van die gelowige nodig. In hierdie studie word nie net alleen so 'n teorie en model ontwikkel nie, maar word ook aangedui hoe hierdie model reeds binne 'n gemeente in die Ned Geref Kerk toegepas is. maak om op die wereld in plaas van op die konservering en bewaring van die gemeente te fokus. Die studie word afgesluit met die hoop dat gemeentes krities sal reflekteer oor die algemene priesterskap van gelowiges en sal oorweeg om te herstruktureer sodat iets van die algemene priesterskap van die gelowige in die toekoms tot sy reg sal kom. / The general priesthood of the believer is emphasised in the Bible. But the church has neglected it through the ages because the church often was a state church and church members were regarded as inferior and became passive due to the official hierarchy in the church. extent as to encourage church members to function as God's priests in the world. This is also the case in the Dutch Reformed Church. Up to the first democratic election in South Africa in 1994 there was an intimate bond between this church and the state, and to this day the Dutch Reformed Church has a very strong official hierarchy. Consequently the typical congregational structure of the church does not encourage church members to function as God's priests in the world but rather to conserve and preserve the congregation. South Africa, with its low rate of productivity and exceptionally high crime rate, would have been much better off today if the congregational structures had over the years encouraged believers in the Dutch Reformed Church to act as God's representatives in society. Should congregations wish to encourage their members to act as God's priests in the world, it will be necessary to restructure themselves from the perspective of the general priesthood of believers. Such theory and model are developed in this study. It is also shown how such a model has already been applied in a congregation of the Dutch Reformed Church. The study divides the ministerial responsibility of the believer into two categories, namely internal and external responsibility. This division enables congregations to focus on the world in stead of the conservation and preservation of the congregation as such. The study is concluded in the hope that congregations will take a critical look at the general priesthood of believers and will consider restructuring themselves so that individual believers will embrace their general priesthood in future. / D.Th.(Practical Theology)

The purpose of the study is to analyze the Latter-day Saint concept of Zion and the Priesthood Correlation Program in order to determine how they are related and to what extent the Correlation Program is attempting to prepare the Church for the establishment of Zion.

The identity of the Salesian priest and living out of that identity in the Salesian province of the Czech Republic Key words: the Salesian priest; the identity of a Salesian; the identity; the priesthood; religious priest; living out of that identity. This thesis deals with the specific elements which make up the identity of Salesian priest. First the concept ``identity{\crq}q is defined from the point of view of the psychology of religion and from ethics and then identity is studied in the context of whole work. Next it is a treatise on the elements that are generally crucial for the identity of a Salesian: the salesian mission, community life, religious consecration. The Salesian can live these elements either as priest or as coadjutor. The next chapter is deal with the coadjutor. Later the topic of priesthood as service and the various characteristics common to the religious priest are covered. Finally, drawing from all that has been presented above, a summary of what it is to be a Salesian priest in ministry are clarified. At the end of the thesis are included the results of a research conducted among active Salesians as to whether they agree with the findings of the thesis in practice.

This work concerns the shifts in the perception of the figure of Melchizedek in the Old Testament, Intertestamental sources and the New Testament. It explicates three central biblical texts which are speaking about Melchizedek. These texts are: the book of Genesis 14, Psalm 110 and the Epistle to the Hebrews. The work also aims to notice perceiving Melchizedek{\crq}s figure in non-biblical sources, like Qumran texts, Targums, apocryphs or the testimonies of church fathers. The findings coming from these sources are compared together in the conclusion of the work. Each of traditions is different, so we can not make unambiguous conclusion about figure of Melchizedek. Some non-biblical Melchizedekian traditions still continue, some others have disappeared entirely.

Louis Tronson (1622-1700), élu en 1676 troisième supérieur de la Compagnie des prêtres de Saint-Sulpice, est connu principalement, dans l’histoire de la spiritualité, comme éditeur du Traité des saints ordres attribué à Jean-Jacques Olier (1676), auteur des Examens particuliers (1690), et hôte des entretiens d’Issy sur le quiétisme (1694-1695). L’objet de ce travail est de mieux mettre en perspective la place de cet homme dans l’histoire de la théologie catholique. Tronson joue en effet un rôle déterminant dans l’explicitation théologique de la vocation sacerdotale. Réfléchissant, à la lumière de son expérience de formateur de futurs prêtres, sur les « marques de vocation », il élabore de véritables grilles de discernement, au demeurant assez souples. Parmi ces critères, une place particulière revient à l’« inclination » ou « attrait ». Résonance subjective et intime de l’appel divin, l’attrait n’est cependant pas subjectiviste : il suppose au contraire un objet qui attire, c’est-à-dire le sacerdoce, envisagé comme « état » et « fonctions », deux mots très utilisés par Tronson qui, bien loin de s’opposer, se complètent. Ainsi cet auteur peut-il proposer une vision du sacerdoce qui soit à la fois sacramentelle et sociale, spécifiquement christologique et enracinée dans la société de son temps. / In the history of Catholic spirituality, Louis Tronson (1622-1700), who was elected third Superior of the Society of the Priests of Saint-Sulpice in 1676, is known mainly as editor of the Treatise on Holy Orders attributed to Jean-Jacques Olier (1676), as author of the Particular Examens (1690) and as host of the Conferences at Issy about quietism (1694-1695). The purpose of this work is to propose a better insight into the role of Louis Tronson in the history of Catholic theology. Indeed, this role was decisive in defining the theology of priestly vocation. By considering the "marks of vocation" in the light of his own experience in training future priests, Tronson drew up reliable yet flexible charts for discernment. Among these criteria "inclination" or "attraction" is of special importance. Although a subjective and intimate echo of divine calling, attraction is not a subjectivistic notion : on the contrary it supposes that there is an object which attracts, in this case the priesthood itself. Tronson frequently uses the words "estate" and "functions" to characterize it : far from being opposed, both terms complete each other and allow Tronson to offer a view of the Catholic priesthood which is both sacramental and social, specifically christological and rooted in the society of his time.

The thesis "Sacraments in the documents of the second Vatican council" deals with selected articles of the individual constitutions, documents and decrees of the council, which concern sacraments in the theological context. The articles are selected from the constitution on the Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum concilium, constitution on the Church Lumen gentium, pastoral constitution Gaudium et spes, document about the Apostolate of the Laity Apostolicam actuositatem, decree on Ecumenism Unitatis redintegratio and the decree on the life and service of priests Presbyterorum ordinis. The thesis is based on the acts of council and it maps the progress of creating the articles. A brief summary of history of the formation of individual constitutions, documents and decrees is mentioned before the analysis of the articles. The chapters are divided by the documents. At the end of the thesis is a chapter containing important themes concerning the Sacraments that came up from the mapping of the article.

As one peers across the vistas of the past two types of holy men stand out with striking prominence and significance. The advance of religious thought and life has largely been due to the activities and contributions of these two, the priest and the prophet. It has been the purpose of this research to seek to discover the particular functions of each of these, to show their correlation in producing religious advance, and to make certain suggestions as to how the values each has to contribute to the program of the modern Christian church may be more adequately realized.

This paper analyzes the concept of immortality as expressed in Stephenie Meyer’s vampire romance novel Midnight Sun (2021). By way of a comparison with the authors Mormon faith, I intend to highlight how the main characters portray key parts of LDS soteriology. Using Synne Myreböe’s notion of actualization (aktualisering) the paper considers Mormonism as a lens rather than as an institutionalized religion.  Although Midnight Sun makes use of numerous religious themes, it is in my opinion not to be regarded as a theological text. After all, Meyer is a novelist. Her religiosity motivates the questions posed by the study, but the connection between her writing and explicit Mormon theology is established by me. By making the Mormon concept of immortality a lens through which I view the material, I intend to highlight aspects of the narrative which otherwise would be less apparent.  Midnight Sun is a paraphrase of Meyer’s earlier work Twilight (2006). The latter tells the story of Bella, a student who falls in love with an ancient vampire called Edward. In Midnight Sun the story is inverted, making Edward the main narrator. Due to Midnight Sun’s disposition, my work relies on a resource not available to prior studies on Twilight, namely Edward’s voice. In this paper, I examine how the character relates to his father figure, thus paraphrasing the Mormon concept of priesthood.

[pt] A presente dissertação, a partir da análise exegética de Nm 18,1-7, estuda as funções e os serviços cultuais desempenhados pelos sacerdotes e levitas, particularmente os coatitas. Tendo em vista que, nas últimas quatro décadas, não há muitos trabalhos desenvolvidos sobre o livro de Números, em particular sobre Nm 18,1-7, acredita-se que a presente pesquisa traz uma modesta contribuição. Fazer a análise exegética do texto, foi o principal objetivo, permitindo investigar o papel de Aarão e de seus filhos (sacerdotes) no exercício de suas funções na Tenda da Reunião, sendo auxiliados pelos levitas, a fim de preservar a santidade da comunidade de Israel e assim, evitar a morte de seus membros. Com isso, percebe-se que Nm 18,1-7 confirma a importância da corrente sacerdotal na redação final do livro de Números. Apesar de conter materiais não sacerdotais, esse livro realça e atesta a atuação fundamental dos sacerdotes e dos levitas em favor de Israel. O método histórico-crítico foi utilizado como ferramenta indispensável, para se chegar a uma compreensão mais profunda e aprimorada de Nm 18,1-7. Observa-se que a seção possui uma introdução e sete subseções, que formam um quiasmo, dado corroborado pelos elementos sintáticos e semânticos que a compõem. Aarão é personagem central e destinatário direto da palavra de YHWH. Ao se classificar Nm 18,1-7 como torá sacerdotal, atesta-se a sacralidade do culto e do serviço dos sacerdotes e levitas, pelos quais Israel pode ser preservado de conflitos e de sofrer danos mortais (cf. Nm 16–17). / [en] The present dissertation, based on an exegetical analysis of Nm 18,1-7, studies the functions and cultic services performed by the priests and Levites, particularly the Kohathites. Given that, over the past four decades, there has not been much work on the book of Numbers, in particular on Nm 18,1-7, it is believed that this research makes a modest contribution. An exegetical analysis of the text was the main objective, investigating the role of Aaron and his sons (priests) in the exercise of their functions in the Tent of Meeting, being assisted by the Levites, in order to preserve the holiness of the community of Israel thereby preventing the death of its members. Hence, it is clear that Nm 18,1-7 confirms the importance of the priestly current in the final writing of the book of Numbers. Despite of containing non-priestly materials, this book highlights and attests to the fundamental role of priests and Levites in favor of Israel. The historical-critical method was used as an indispensable tool to reach a deeper and better understanding of Nm 18,1-7. It is observed that the section has an introduction and seven subsections, which form a chiasm, corroborated by the syntactic and semantic elements that compose it. Aaron is the central character and direct recipient of YHWH s word. By classifying Nm 18,1-7 as a priestly torah, one attests to the sacredness of the worship and of the service of priests and Levites, whereby Israel can be preserved from conflict and mortal damage (cf. Nm 16–17).