Thesis (MTech (Education Management))--Peninsula Technikon, 2002. / Word processed copy. Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-90). Also available online.

Theses (Ed.S.)--Marshall University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Includes vita. Document formatted into pages: contains 32 pages. Bibliography: p. 26-29.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:35:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaMBA.pdf: 684958 bytes, checksum: 3a6a99f1104fc63d0865360a1cac509d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-19 / Funda??o Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnol?gico / The present paper analyses matters about the assessment in the context of the school organization in cycles. The complexity that involves the assessment turns it into a difficult subject, since the evidence that the model supported by the traditional approach contributes to foil the fulfillment of new continuous and wide-ranging assessment practices, that are coherent with a view of learning as a process established in the student-teacher-knowledge interaction. This paper has as guidance the following questions: How did the introduction of the teaching organization in cycles happen in Fortaleza/ CE? How far are the teachers prepared to the introduction of the cycles system, specially in the way of thinking and practicing the assessment? What are the teacher s involvements with this project and with the continuous assessment in the cycles? What meanings do the teachers give to the assessment in this project? Therefore, were determined as objectives: to comprehend the meanings attributed to the learning assessment by the teachers in contact with the cycles in Fortaleza/CE; to identify assessment practices that are closer to a less qualifying perspective, more related to the students learning and to the educational intervention in order to improve this process. The methodological orientation chosen was based on the presuppositions of the comprehensible interview, with reference to the studies of the French sociologist Jean Claude Kaufmann, developed with 15 (fifteen) teachers of 15 (fifteen) schools of the state teaching system of Fortaleza/CE. It was considered, in the methodology, the word as a central fact in the consolidation of the object of study, what allows to conceive the teachers as active participants of this research and of the discussions about assessment. The analysis about the speeches in the interviews made possible to glimpse the meanings attributed to the learning assessment that are not related to the traditional paragon, in spite of the dilemma in which the participants of the research faced at the time of the introduction of the cycles in Fortaleza/CE. These meanings were created between the presence and the absence of the teachers knowledge that, in their way, interact with the changes caused by the obligation of the teaching organization in cycles, seeking a strategy of self-organization as a consequence of the search for new knowledge connected with the teaching / O presente estudo analisa quest?es sobre avalia??o, no contexto da organiza??o da escolaridade em ciclos. A complexidade que envolve a avalia??o a torna um tema dif?cil, haja vista a constata??o de que o modelo sustentado pela abordagem tradicional frustra a realiza??o de novas pr?ticas avaliativas continuadas e inclusivas, coerentes com uma vis?o de aprendizagem como processo constitu?do na intera??o aluno-professor-conhecimento. Este estudo tem por orienta??o os seguintes questionamentos: Como ocorreu, no Cear?, a implanta??o da organiza??o do ensino em ciclos? At? que ponto os professores est?o preparados para a implanta??o do regime de ciclos, em especial na forma de pensar e praticar a avalia??o? Quais as implica??es das professoras na referida proposta e no processo de avalia??o continuada nos ciclos? Que sentidos as professoras atribuem ? avalia??o nessa proposta? Definiram-se, portanto, como objetivos: compreender os sentidos atribu?dos ? avalia??o da aprendizagem pelas professoras que vivenciam os ciclos em escolas de Fortaleza-CE; identificar pr?ticas avaliativas que se aproximem de uma perspectiva menos classificat?ria e mais associada ? aprendizagem dos alunos e ?s interven??es pedag?gicas para melhoria desse processo. Optou-se por uma orienta??o metodol?gica fundada nos pressupostos da entrevista compreensiva, referendada nos estudos do soci?logo franc?s Jean Claude Kaufmann, a qual foi desenvolvida com15 (quinze) professoras de 15 (quinze) escolas da rede estadual de ensino de Fortaleza. Nessa metodologia, considera-se a palavra como elemento central na consolida??o do objeto de estudo, o que permite conceber as professoras como participantes da pesquisa e das discuss?es sobre avalia??o. As an?lises realizadas sobre as falas, nas entrevistas permitem apreender sentidos atribu?dos ? avalia??o da aprendizagem dissociados do paradigma tradicional, apesar da situa??o dilem?tica em que estavam as participantes da pesquisa quando da implanta??o dos ciclos no Cear?. Esses sentidos foram formulados entre o saber e o n?o-saber das professoras que, ao seu modo, interagem com as mudan?as induzidas pela obrigatoriedade do regime de ensino em ciclos, buscando estrat?gia de auto-organiza??o, como conseq??ncia da pr?pria busca por novos saberes inerentes ? doc?ncia

Algebraic thinking is a crucial and fundamental element of mathematical thinking and reasoning. It initially involves recognising patterns and general mathematical relationships among numbers, objects and geometric shapes. Using historical evidence, this paper will highlight how the ability to think algebraically might support a deeper and more useful knowledge, not only of algebra, but the thinking required to successfully use mathematics. It will also provide a framework for educators of primary and middle years’ students to develop the necessary thinking strategies required to understand algebra.

Europeiska unionen som helhet är en av de största energianvändarna och har en av världens största utsläpp av växthusgaser. För att minska globala uppvärmningen har mål sats upp för att medeltemperaturen på jorden inte ska öka mer än 2 grader sen förindustrielltid. Närmare 40 % av Sveriges totala energianvändning kommer från bostads- och servicesektorn detta i samband med att 2020-målen närmar sig bidrar till att energieffektiviseringar i byggnader blir allt mer essentiellt. Energikartläggningar är ett verktyg för att bestämma vad som har stört energibesparingspotential innan effektiviseringsåtgärder sker. Examensarbetet inkluderar en energikartläggning av Trödje skola som förvaltas av Gavlefastigheter. Arbetet är utfört med simuleringsverktyget IDA Indoor Climate and Energy. IDA ICE användes för att modulera den befintliga byggnaden där all data för skolan inkluderades. Rapportens vision är att undersöka hur mycket energi som är möjlig att spara genom energibesparingsåtgärder samt vilken åtgärd som är effektivast. Energibesparingspotentialen i skolan är hög, skolan använder 42,6 kWh/m2år mer än genomsnittet för Gavlefastigheters skolor vilket motsvarar 21 %. Resultaten visar att skolans komplexitet samt att påbyggnationen även kallad paviljongen är en stor faktor till att energianvändningen är hög. Skolans energianvändning har en potential att minska med 17 % vilket inte motsvarade det uppsatta 25 % - målet med arbetet. Arbetet visar att störst besparingspotential finns via byte av fönster och värmeväxlare i ventilationssystemet men även att de åtgärder som antas ge störst besparing inte alltid är effektivast. / The European Union as a whole is one of the largest energy users and has one of the world's largest greenhouse gas emissions. To reduce global warming, targets have been set to ensure that the average temperature on the earth does not increase more than 2 degrees since the pre-industrial time. Nearly 40% of Sweden's total energy use comes from the building and services sector which in context with that the 2020 targets approaching contributes to the increased need of higher energy efficiency of buildings. Energy audits is a tool for determining what has the greatest potential for saving energy before efficiency measures occurs. The thesis includes an energy audit of Trödje primary and middle school, administered by Gavlefastigheter. The study was performed using IDA Indoor Climate and Energy simulation tool. IDA ICE was used to modulate the existing building where all data for the school was included. The vision of the thesis is to investigate how much energy which is possible to save through energy saving measures and which action that is most effective. The potential energy saving in the school is high, the school uses 42.6 kWh/m2year more than the average for Gavlefastigheter schools, which corresponds to 21 %. The results show that the complexity of the school and the reconstruction, also called the paviljong, are a major factor in the high energy consumption. The school's energy use has a potential to decrease by 17 %, which did not correspond to the 25 % target set for the work. The work shows that the greatest savings potential exists through the exchange of windows and heat exchangers in the ventilation system, but also that the measures that are assumed to give the greatest savings are not always the most effective.