O donatismo, uma dissidência religiosa cristã, ocupou um lugar de destaque na cristandade africana entre os séculos IV e V, dividindo-a e polarizando-a em duas vertentes, sendo o foco da atenção de importantes pensadores do período, como Agostinho de Hipona e Optato de Milevo. Sua singularidade advém de se tratar, em sua gênese, de uma querela quanto à conduta moral do clero. Em uma época de dissidências doutrinárias principalmente trinitárias, o donatismo foi considerado como um desdobramento das perseguições perpetradas por Diocleciano; estas teriam deixado vestígios indeléveis, sementes para novos desentendimentos geradores de cismas e divisões. O presente estudo busca explorar as noções básicas de retórica, ou retórica cristã (conforme esta era entendida por Agostinho), e a delimitação do ethos constituído para a vertente donatista pelo bispo de Hipona, seu adversário. A partir da premissa de que o que estava realmente em jogo na querela era a definição de qual das vertentes era verdadeiramente a portadora do legado de Cristo, a presente pesquisa procura abordar duas questões fundamentais na gênese da mesma: a concepção de via salvífica e o batismo. Almeja-se, portanto, investigar o ethos retórico imputado aos donatistas por Agostinho por meio de uma consideração da representação e das justificativas da dissidência presentes nos tratados anti-donatistas desse tão célebre autor. / Donatism was a particularly significant Christian dissidence within African Christianity between the 4th and 5th centuries AD, one that split Christians into two highly polarized factions and became an object of study for important thinkers of the period, such as Augustine of Hippo and Optatus of Milevis. Its uniqueness comes from the fact that it originally consisted of a quarrel concerning the moral conduct of members of the clergy. At a time of doctrinarian disagreements that were mostly of a Trinitarian nature, Donatism was regarded as having unfolded from the religious persecutions perpetrated by Diocletian; the latter were seen as having left an indelible mark upon Christianity, and as having sowed the seeds for future discord and schisms. It is the intention of the present study to investigate the basic notions of rhetoric, particularly as applied to Christian values, present in the thought of Augustine, as well as the characteristics of the ethos said author gradually built for his adversaries, the Donatists. Starting from the premise that what was really at stake in the controversy was determining which of the two factions was the true bearer of the legacy of Christ, the investigation seeks to approach two issues at the heart of the quarrel: namely, the notion of a true path to salvation and the sacrament of baptism. Its aim is, therefore, to analyze the rhetorical ethos Augustine characterized the Donatists with by means of a consideration of the way this particular dissidence was portrayed in the anti-Donatist treatises produced by the celebrated bishop of Hippo.

O donatismo, uma dissidência religiosa cristã, ocupou um lugar de destaque na cristandade africana entre os séculos IV e V, dividindo-a e polarizando-a em duas vertentes, sendo o foco da atenção de importantes pensadores do período, como Agostinho de Hipona e Optato de Milevo. Sua singularidade advém de se tratar, em sua gênese, de uma querela quanto à conduta moral do clero. Em uma época de dissidências doutrinárias principalmente trinitárias, o donatismo foi considerado como um desdobramento das perseguições perpetradas por Diocleciano; estas teriam deixado vestígios indeléveis, sementes para novos desentendimentos geradores de cismas e divisões. O presente estudo busca explorar as noções básicas de retórica, ou retórica cristã (conforme esta era entendida por Agostinho), e a delimitação do ethos constituído para a vertente donatista pelo bispo de Hipona, seu adversário. A partir da premissa de que o que estava realmente em jogo na querela era a definição de qual das vertentes era verdadeiramente a portadora do legado de Cristo, a presente pesquisa procura abordar duas questões fundamentais na gênese da mesma: a concepção de via salvífica e o batismo. Almeja-se, portanto, investigar o ethos retórico imputado aos donatistas por Agostinho por meio de uma consideração da representação e das justificativas da dissidência presentes nos tratados anti-donatistas desse tão célebre autor. / Donatism was a particularly significant Christian dissidence within African Christianity between the 4th and 5th centuries AD, one that split Christians into two highly polarized factions and became an object of study for important thinkers of the period, such as Augustine of Hippo and Optatus of Milevis. Its uniqueness comes from the fact that it originally consisted of a quarrel concerning the moral conduct of members of the clergy. At a time of doctrinarian disagreements that were mostly of a Trinitarian nature, Donatism was regarded as having unfolded from the religious persecutions perpetrated by Diocletian; the latter were seen as having left an indelible mark upon Christianity, and as having sowed the seeds for future discord and schisms. It is the intention of the present study to investigate the basic notions of rhetoric, particularly as applied to Christian values, present in the thought of Augustine, as well as the characteristics of the ethos said author gradually built for his adversaries, the Donatists. Starting from the premise that what was really at stake in the controversy was determining which of the two factions was the true bearer of the legacy of Christ, the investigation seeks to approach two issues at the heart of the quarrel: namely, the notion of a true path to salvation and the sacrament of baptism. Its aim is, therefore, to analyze the rhetorical ethos Augustine characterized the Donatists with by means of a consideration of the way this particular dissidence was portrayed in the anti-Donatist treatises produced by the celebrated bishop of Hippo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:20:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisca Rosa da Silva.pdf: 448483 bytes, checksum: 881fff0469d450bba1d714992c70d5f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-09 / The objective of this study is to research women s leadership in the primitive Christianity, starting from the figure of Mary Magdalene in Jo 20,1-18. The exegetic, view as well as research on women s situation in the first century, show: a) Women that followed Jesus were part of the disciples group, and Mary Magdalene had strong influence among them in the community; b) she accompanied Jesus since the beginning of his ministry in Galilee, and her leadership and authority in primitive Christianity conferred her the disciple status c) the Pericope that is studied has as a fundamental concept the conflict of leaderships among three traditions: John s, the Peter s and Mary Magdalene s. Comparing the Pericopes of John with certain Gnostic writings, its noticeable that in these writings Mary Magdalene s leadership is manifested with stronger intensity, and the conflict with Peter is more accentuated. She is considered the Master of the disciples. The research not only rescues the leader figure of Christianity, but also shows, via the exegesis, the process of the cooptation of women s leadership.(AU) / O objetivo deste trabalho é pesquisar a liderança das mulheres no cristianismo primitivo, a partir da figura de Maria Madalena em Jo 20,1-18. A abordagem exegética, bem como a pesquisa sobre a situação das mulheres no primeiro século, aponta: a) as mulheres que seguiam a Jesus faziam parte do grupo dos discípulos, e Maria Madalena tinha uma grande influência entre eles na comunidade; b) ela acompanhou Jesus desde o início do seu ministério na Galiléia, e a sua liderança e autoridade no cristianismo primitivo lhe confere o status de discípula; c) a perícope estudada tem como contexto um conflito de lideranças entre três tradições: a joanina, a petrina e a de Maria Madalena. Comparando a perícope joanina com alguns escritos gnósticos percebemos que nesses escritos, a liderança de Maria Madalena é manifestada com maior intensidade e o conflito com Pedro é mais acentuado. Ela é considerada Mestra dos discípulos. A pesquisa não só resgata a figura de uma líder do cristianismo, como também mostra, na exegese, o processo de cooptação da liderança feminina.(AU)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LivanChiroma.pdf: 788891 bytes, checksum: 3f7b1dafb48e0b89fdeb85b435d6befc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This text is the presentation of the results of a study on the rise of a movement here conventionally called Organic Church (OC). For the present study, among hundreds of groups met during the research period, Caminho da Graça (CdG), a community founded by mid-2004 and currently numbering around seventy groups in Brazil and abroad, was chosen as the object of analysis. The group was started by the (ex-) Rev. Caio Fábio de Araújo, or simply Caio Fábio, backed by a message of Evangelical counterculture or a return to the Christian Church as it was in the New Testament. Although CdG categorically denies the OC label, we can fit them into the movement observing the practices and discourse of the main leadership. The consolidation of Neo-Pentecostalism, especially in the 1990s, is seen as the beginning of suspiciousness and mass disappointment with the Evangelical, and above all the Neo-Pentecostal, worldview. Thus, these alternative communities welcome dissidents hurt by these contexts. It was therefore necessary, firstly, to understand the morphology of churches in the original Christianity period, since one of these groups points of dispute is the return to community experiences lived in the New Testament; secondly, to expose the biographies of the main leaders of the movement; thirdly, to emphasize the conflicts and motivations both within the church context and outside of it in order to understand the exodus and the movement of believers towards a more thorough faith experience; and lastly, to perform ethnographically-inspired participative observation in order to conduct theoretical approaches. / Este texto é a apresentação do resultado de uma pesquisa empreendida sobre o recrudescimento de um movimento que convencionamos denominar de Igreja Orgânica (IO). Para este estudo, diante de centenas de grupos encontrados durante o período da pesquisa, escolhemos a análise do Caminho da Graça (CdG), comunidade iniciada em meados de 2004, e que atualmente conta com cerca de 70 grupos no Brasil e no exterior. O grupo foi iniciado pelo (ex) reverendo Caio Fábio de Araújo Filho, ou simplesmente Caio Fábio, sustentados por uma mensagem de contracultura evangélica ou um retorno da Igreja cristã tal como era no Novo Testamento. Embora o CdG categoricamente não se auto declare uma IO, pudemos enquadrá-lo nesta tipologia observando as práticas e discurso das principais lideranças. Vemos na consolidação do Neopentecostalismo, especialmente nos anos de 1990, o início das suspeitas e decepções em massa com o universo evangélico, sobretudo advindas deste segmento do cristianismo; sendo assim estas comunidades alternativas vêm acolher dissidentes decepcionados e feridos por estas expressões religiosas. Fez-se necessário, portanto, compreender a morfologia das igrejas no período do cristianismo original, uma vez que um dos pontos de contestação destes grupos é o retorno às experiências comunitárias dos primeiros cristãos, tais quais narradas no Novo Testamento; evidenciar a biografia das principais lideranças do movimento e; enfatizar os conflitos e as motivações intracampo e extracampo existentes para compreender o êxodo e circulação dos fiéis em direção a uma experiência de fé mais pormenorizada e pós moderna; houve também necessidade de uma observação participativa, de inspiração etnográfica, para a condução de abordagens teóricas.

This thesis is the first full-length study of the English clergyman and historian William Cave (1637-1713). As one of a number of Restoration divines invested in exploring the lives and writings of the early Christians, Cave has nonetheless won only meagre interest from early-modernists in the past decade. Among his contemporaries and well into the nineteenth century Cave’s vernacular biographies of the Apostles and Church Fathers were widely read, but it was with the two volumes of his Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Historia Literaria (1688 and 1698), his life’s work, that he made his most important and lasting contribution to scholarship. The first aim of the thesis is therefore to build on a recent quickening of research into the innovative early-modern genre of historia literaria by exploring how, why, and with what help, in the context of late seventeenth-century European intellectual culture, Cave decided to write a work of literary history. To do so it makes extensive use of the handwritten drafts, annotations, notebooks, and letters that he left behind, giving a comprehensive account of his reading and scholarly practices from his student-days in 1650s Cambridge and then as a young clergyman in the 1660s to his final, unsuccessful attempts to publish a revised edition of his book at the end of his life. Cave’s motives, it finds, were multiple, complex, and sometimes conflicting: they developed in response to the immediate practical concerns of the post-Restoration Church of England even as they reflected some of the deeper-lying tensions of late humanist scholarship. The second reason for writing a thesis about Cave is that it makes it possible to reconsider an influential historiographical narrative about the origins of the ‘modern’ disciplinary category of literature. Since the 1970s the consensus among scholars has been that the nineteenth-century definition of literature as imaginative fictions in verse and prose – in other words literature as it is now taught in schools and universities – more or less completely replaced the early-modern notion of literature, literae, as learned books of all kinds. This view is challenged in the final section of this thesis, which traces the influence of Cave’s work on some of the canonical authors of the English literary tradition, including Johnson and Coleridge. Coleridge’s example, in particular, helps us to see why Cave and scholars like him were excluded lastingly from genealogies of English studies in the twentieth century, despite having given the discipline many of its characteristic concerns and aversions.