Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Nosso objetivo neste trabalho é investigar como o design gráfico se relaciona com os meios de produção da indústria gráfica brasileira. Não é comum encontrar referências abordando temas que relacionam design e tecnologia em livros sobre a história do Brasil, o que demonstra a urgência do resgate histórico de indústrias que implementaram novas tecnologias para atender a demandas projetuais e mercadológicas. Sediada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a clicheria Latt-Mayer como era comumente chamada, era sinônimo de qualidade e tecnologia. Entre seus clientes podemos apontar agências de publicidade, editoras, escritórios de designers e gráficas de todo país. Esta pesquisa se baseia em um corpus composto por imagens, documentos, manuais técnicos, reportagens, matrizes e depoimentos com pessoas que estiveram diretamente envolvidas com essa empresa. Catalogamos maquinaria e técnicas utilizadas, além de projetos gráficos relevantes que tiveram matrizes e provas produzidas na empresa. Por meio deste trabalho, é possível visualizar um abrangente painel histórico, que contempla um período em que ocorreram significativas transformações na relação entre designers e tecnologia na indústria gráfica brasileira. / Our purpose in this research is to investigate how the graphic design relates to the means of production in the Brazilian printing industry. It is unusual to find references on topics that relate design & technology in books on Brazilian history, which demonstrates the need to recapture the history of industries that have implemented new technology to answer design and market demands. Located in Rio de Janeiro, the photoengraving shop Latt-Mayer as it was commonly called, was synonymous with high quality and technological advance. Among its clients we can point to advertising agencies, publishers, design offices and the printing industry across the country. This research is based on a corpus consisting of images, documents, technical manuals, reports, and interviews with people who were directly involved with the company. We have cataloged machinery and techniques used and graphic design relevant to their patterns and had printing proofs produced by the engraving shop. With this work, we can observe a comprehensive historical panel, which includes a period in which there were significant overall changes in the relation between technology & design in the Brazilian printing industry.

M.A. (Information Science) / Since the earliest civilizations books have found their way into libraries, thus the printing and publishing industries in the era after Gutenberg invented printing with moveable type, are of cardinal importance to library science. Within the field of library science the systematic bibliographic description of the products of the printing and publishing industries features strongly. Books and other publications are a basic necessity in any civilized community. It therefore stands to reason that after the constitutional establishment of the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (ZAR) a printing and publishing industry would develop and thrive. A complete survey of the printing and publishing industry in the Transvaal has not yet been published. This study endeavours to fill this gap by bringing together information on all types of publications printed in Dutch, Afrikaans, English and other languages in the Transvaal during the period 1857-1902. This is done in the form of a bibliography and a description of the printing and publishing industry in the ZAR. A literature study was done using bibliographies and catalogues in the Brenthurst Library, Johannesburg Public Library and the Rand Afrikaans University Library. It was established from the literature what was printed and published from 1857-1902 in the Transvaal. A bibliography of these items was compiled and information on the printers and publishers was collected. This was supplemented by information gleaned from books, periodical articles, newspapers, theses and dissertations...

Nohria, Joyce and Roberson, a trio of academics in the United States, wrote an article in the July issue of the Harvard Business Review in 2003 entitled "What Really Works". For several years they had studied the management practices of 160 companies in the United States with a view to determining what made certain companies consistently successful. They found that the most profitable companies in their study were not successful because they utilised the latest management tools and techniques, but rather that they had a strong grasp of business basics. Companies outperformed their industrial peers, because they excelled at what they called the four primary management practices - Strategy, Execution, Culture and Structure. These practices were supplemented by a proficiency in any two out of four secondary practices - Talent, Innovation, Leadership and Mergers and Partnerships. They called this winning combination the 4 + 2 Formula for business success. The purpose of this thesis is to determine whether competence in these management practices applies in the Third World. The study will concentrate on four companies representing the printing industry in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Zimbabwean companies are faced with a number of unusual obstacles that do not exist in First World free market economies. This study will attempt to examine the nature of the obstacles faced and how each company deals with them. It will determine whether the management practices outlined by Nohria et ai, are valued to the same degree in the Zimbabwean context, and how far they contribute to profitability.Because of the pace of change in Zimbabwe, the research will focus on the period 2003 - 2004 and evaluate another management practice - change management. The forces of change can often be so radically negative, that if companies are not adequately prepared, they may face imminent collapse. Change management, the process of anticipating, reacting to and driving forces of change, has become a vital competency. Without it, the prospects of profitability and success in the Zimbabwean environment are slim. For this reason, this management practice will be given the same focus as those eight discussed by Nohria et al.

The Japanese industries have proven to be strong competitors to various American industries. This has been especially true in the electronic and household product industries, where the quality of the merchandise has improved so greatly that it often equals or betters its American counterpart. A significant part of these improvements can be attributed to the use of American technology and American capital invested by Japan. The threat of foreign competition cannot be limited to a small area, as it can prevail in any area where the cost of labor is relatively high in relation to the finished product. Because of this prime factor-- the high cost of labor -- the printing industry in America may be vulnerable to the threat of its Japanese counterpart. This rude awakening of American businessmen has caused a defensive attitude by management and workers alike in a large segment of United States enterprises.

Denna studies fokus ligger vid de miljöcertifieringar och miljömärkningar som används av tryckerier som ligger i Malmö- och Köpenhamnsområdet. Syftet är dels att skapa en djupare förståelse dels för vilka faktorer som spelar in då ett tryckeri miljöcertifieras, samt att bidra med kunskap om vad en certifiering så som Cradle to Cradle skulle bidra med i förhållande till de miljöcertifieringar som idag är mer etablerade inom grafisk industri. Kvalitativa intervjuer med representanter från fem tryckerier genomfördes. Utöver dessa analyserades kravdokument av de av studien berörda miljöcertifieringarna. Resultaten visar att det finns flera olika anledningar som ligger till grund för att implementera en miljöcertifiering. Gemensamt för de medelstora och stora tryckerierna är dock att de kommunicerar ökade kundkrav som en bidragande orsak till valet att certifiera tryckeriet. Resultaten visar även att en certifiering enligt Cradle to Cradle är mer omfattande samt kostsam än de idag redan etablerade miljöcertifieringarna och miljömärkningarna. / This thesis focuses on the environmental management systems and eco-labels that are used in the printing industry. The aim is to get a deeper understanding of if and why environmental management systems and eco labels are implemented into printing firms. The thesis also aims to compare the Cradle to Cradle model with other environmental management systems and eco- labels used in the printing industry. Qualitative interviews with five printing firms in the Malmö and Copenhagen region was conducted through which empirical data was gathered. The result of the study show that there are a number of different reasons why environmental management systems and eco-labels are implemented but increasing demands from customers seems to be a driving force among medium sized companies.

<p>The main aim of this thesis is to develop and test industry-specific, applied work procedures and tools for environmental and emerging sustainability work in the graphic arts industry. This includes methods to quantify, follow-up, evaluate, manage, improve and communicate the environmental performance of activities in the graphic arts supply chain and printed products.</p><p>In order to achieve the aims of the thesis, a selection of work areas were chosen as the basis for developing the industry-specific work procedures and tools. The selected work areas are the following: environmental management (being a part of sustainability management), environmental and sustainability strategies, environmental indicators and design for environment (DfE).</p><p>The research presented in this thesis was based on survey research methods, case studies and multi-company studies. Within the framework of these methods, quantitative and qualitative techniques for data gathering were used. The companies included in the studies were selected according to their willingness, interest and motivation to participate and develop their environmental or sustainability work.</p><p>The most significant results of the research presented in this thesis regarding the selected work areas are the following:</p><p>• An evaluation of early certified environmental management systems (EMSs) in Sweden identified four areas as priorities in making the EMSs more efficient. Two of them, viz. improvement in the follow-up of environmental work, and the linking of EMSs to product design, were developed for the graphic arts industry. The remaining two areas were clarifying the identification process and assessment of environmental aspects, and streamlining and co-ordinating different management systems.</p><p>• An established and successfully tested working method for formulating and realising corporate sustainability strategies in the graphic arts industry.</p><p>• Industry-specific environmental indicator models for the graphic arts industry with defined methods for standardised inventorying and calculations. These models have been tested, used and approved of by the industry itself.</p><p>• Collected and compiled data for the developed environmental indicator models. Data have been collected from quite a large number of companies (10-20 companies for each of the printing techniques covered, i.e. coldset offset, heatset offset and gravure) over a period of several years.</p><p>• The use of the industry-specific environmental indicator models was developed and illustrated.</p><p>• A described and recommended work procedure for DfE in graphic arts companies including industry-specific tools for applying DfE to printed products, in the form of a manual and a checklist. The checklist was designed so that it can serve as a simple tool for the environmental assessment of printed products. The tools were tested by graphic arts companies.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:20:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nadia_Miranda_Leschko_dissertacao.pdf: 4087967 bytes, checksum: 547dac1cdd6dadfa257f8bacf2c22e23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-31 / This paper aims to contribute to the formation of a graphics memory to support taking the inventory as a means of printing industry in Pelotas / RS / Brazil in the 1920's, this consisting of companies operating in the merge of graphic designs. Pelotas was chosen as an area of concentration of research in view of its historical background and studies conducted in the area of memory. The focus is temporal bounding the 1920 s on the basis of regional importance that the city obtained as a major producer of culture and information. The research took place at the Pelotas Public Library as source reviewed journals and graphic works produced at the time. The structure of the work consists of the first chapter containing historical charts of the processes, the second chapter contains the methodology, data from field research and inventory summary of the companies operating the decade and the third chapter related data from previous chapters and an analytical inventory of the printing industry in Pelotas - RS / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo colaborar para a constituição de suportes para uma memória gráfica tendo como meio o inventário da indústria gráfica em Pelotas/RS na década de 1920, este composto por empresas que atuavam na impressão em série de projetos gráficos. Pelotas foi escolhida como espaço de concentração da pesquisa tendo em vista sua trajetória histórica e os estudos realizados na área de memória. O foco delimitador temporal é a década de 1920 em função da importância regional que a cidade obteve como pólo produtor de cultura e informação. O local de pesquisa foi a Bibliotheca Pública Pelotense tendo como fontes examinadas os periódicos e peças gráficas produzidas na época. A estrutura do trabalho consiste em primeiro capítulo contendo histórico dos processos gráficos, segundo capítulo contendo metodologia, dados da pesquisa de campo e inventário sumário das empresas atuantes à década e terceiro capítulo relacionado os dados dos capítulos anteriores e inventário analítico da indústria gráfica em Pelotas - RS. Palavras-chave: Indústria gráfica; Memória social; Inventário; Produção gráfica; Pelotas-RS

The main aim of this thesis is to develop and test industry-specific, applied work procedures and tools for environmental and emerging sustainability work in the graphic arts industry. This includes methods to quantify, follow-up, evaluate, manage, improve and communicate the environmental performance of activities in the graphic arts supply chain and printed products. In order to achieve the aims of the thesis, a selection of work areas were chosen as the basis for developing the industry-specific work procedures and tools. The selected work areas are the following: environmental management (being a part of sustainability management), environmental and sustainability strategies, environmental indicators and design for environment (DfE). The research presented in this thesis was based on survey research methods, case studies and multi-company studies. Within the framework of these methods, quantitative and qualitative techniques for data gathering were used. The companies included in the studies were selected according to their willingness, interest and motivation to participate and develop their environmental or sustainability work. The most significant results of the research presented in this thesis regarding the selected work areas are the following: • An evaluation of early certified environmental management systems (EMSs) in Sweden identified four areas as priorities in making the EMSs more efficient. Two of them, viz. improvement in the follow-up of environmental work, and the linking of EMSs to product design, were developed for the graphic arts industry. The remaining two areas were clarifying the identification process and assessment of environmental aspects, and streamlining and co-ordinating different management systems. • An established and successfully tested working method for formulating and realising corporate sustainability strategies in the graphic arts industry. • Industry-specific environmental indicator models for the graphic arts industry with defined methods for standardised inventorying and calculations. These models have been tested, used and approved of by the industry itself. • Collected and compiled data for the developed environmental indicator models. Data have been collected from quite a large number of companies (10-20 companies for each of the printing techniques covered, i.e. coldset offset, heatset offset and gravure) over a period of several years. • The use of the industry-specific environmental indicator models was developed and illustrated. • A described and recommended work procedure for DfE in graphic arts companies including industry-specific tools for applying DfE to printed products, in the form of a manual and a checklist. The checklist was designed so that it can serve as a simple tool for the environmental assessment of printed products. The tools were tested by graphic arts companies. / <p>QC 20110124</p>

<p>More and more print jobs are delivered from customer to printer digitally over the Internet. Although Internet-based job delivery can be highly efficient, companies in the graphic arts and printing industry often suffer unnecessary costs related to this type of inflow of print jobs to their production workflows. One of the reasons for this is the lack of a well-defined infrastructure for delivering print jobs digitally over the Internet. </p><p>This thesis presents INFLOW - a prototype for a print job delivery system for the graphic arts and printing industry. INFLOW is a web-based job delivery system that is hosted on an Internet-connected server by the organization receiving the print jobs. Focus has been on creating a system that is easy to use, highly customizable, secure, and easy to integrate with existing and future systems from third-party vendors. INFLOW has been implemented using open standards, such as XML and JDF (Job Definition Format). </p><p>The requirements for ease-of-use, high customizability and security are met by choosing a web-based architecture. The client side is implemented using standard web technologies such as HTML, CSS and JavaScript while the serverside is based on J2EE, Java Servlets and Java Server Pages (JSP). Using a web browser as a job delivery client provides a highly customizable user interface and built in support for encrypted file transfers using HTTPS (HTTP over SSL). </p><p>Process automation and easy integration with other print production systems is facilitated with CIP4’s JDF (Job Definition Format). INFLOW also supports"hot folder workflows"for integration with older preflight software and other hot folder-based software common in prepress workflows.</p>

The research objective of this dissertation is to investigate the impact of institutional arrangements, with respect to vertical integration and cooperation, on competitive advantages within the commercial printing industry, with specific focus on digital printing. This dissertation comprises six research papers, based on four qualitative case studies and a quantitative survey study, all carried out in Sweden in the years 2004-2008.The results show that vertical integration is a way to achieve competitive advantages in the commercial printing industry and is a widely used strategy in Sweden. Being able to contract full service companies is appreciated by customers to printing houses, especially direct customers, due to their need for a supplier of complete solutions for printed matters. Consequently, a vertically integrated company can provide value added services which makes it possible for customers to minimize their organization regarding production and purchasing of printed matters. Other reasons for vertical integration are the need to ensure fast deliveries to customers and having a steady supply of appropriate jobs. Despite the believed strategic importance by the industry, the results show that the level of vertical integration has no significant impact on profitability. Vertical integration is strategically important for digital printing houses in order to develop their business because digital printing allows for fast deliveries, on-demand printing and variable data printing. Despite the commoditization of printed matter, the findings indicate that the industry, in general, focuses on providing a high service level even though it means having to set higher prices. Furthermore, the results point toward that this strategic positioning is beneficial for digital printing houses because they experience a lower degree of competition and a lower price pressure.Vertical integration can, however create inflexibility due to ownership and employment. The findings suggest that cooperation can be used to achieve fast access to valuable resources, such as production equipment and knowledge, and, hence, increase printing houses’ resource flexibility. Even though internal control of resources is regarded as important to be able to satisfy customers’ needs and produce customers’ orders on time, cooperation with partners can create similar strategic effects. Furthermore, cooperation can give cost and flexibility advantages compared to vertical integration by reducing internal need for production capacity and allowing access to complementary resources. Nevertheless, it is common to combine vertical integration with cooperation to create competitive advantages and make a company more flexible and dynamic toward market changes. / QC 20100827