Gravure printing is a conventional printing process used for printing graphics on products ranging from magazines and packaging to wallpaper and floor coverings. It is a versatile process that can be used to deposit a variety of fluid materials onto many different surfaces. It is also capable of very high speed deposition, with speeds up to 60 m/min being reported. Because of its versatility and high throughput capability, gravure is an attractive platform for the manufacture of devices composed of relatively thin layers of functional, electronic materials deposited onto flexible substrates. In many cases, these materials can be deposited in liquid form, in which case gravure printing can potentially be used. One such material that is commonly used is Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), a transparent, conducting ceramic material. It is commonly deposited onto flexible, transparent polyethylene terapthalate (PET) films that can be used in flexible displays, solar cells, and other devices requiring a transparent, conducting layer. This thesis examines the effect of key process parameters on the physical and functional characteristics of a printed ITO nanoparticle layer. ITO layers were successfully printed that were between 300 and 1300 nm thick, with roughness Ra generally less than a few hundred nm. The sheet resistance values were relatively high, in the hundreds of kohms/square. The transparency was relatively low, although the films were generally transparent. Several parameters were found to be significant in affecting the several different physical and performance measures, specifically solvent and ITO content, as well as cell geometry.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1992. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.F.A.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-101).

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No. of bitstreams: 1 klem_ms_me_bauru.pdf: 4012228 bytes, checksum: f1af56b8b0b9f5e19934e197b4755874 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-27 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Realizou-se primeiramente neste trabalho o estudo de um supercapacitor padrão utilizando coletores de aço inox e eletrodos de grafite Aquadag®. Este dispositivo apresentou uma capacitância máxima de 22 F/g, e seu espectro de impedância foi modelado por um circuito do tipo R(C(RW))(RC)(RC). Com este dispositivo foi possível testar os métodos de produção dos supercapacitores, e identificar as características desejáveis no supercapacitor impresso. Foram testadas duas técnicas de impressão distintas visando o preparo de eletrodos e coletores de corrente impressos em papel para aplicação em supercapacitores. O material ativo utilizado nos eletrodos foi basicamente o PEDOT:PSS, com a adição de óxido de grafeno, grafite aquadag® e nanotubos de carbono de paredes múltiplas (MWNT) para a formação compósitos condutores. Foram realizadas caracterizações morfológicas e elétricas nas superfícies dos eletrodos impressos em papel filtro, vegetal e sulfite. Os eletrodos produzidos por serigrafia utilizando o compósito de PEDOT:PSS com MWNT impressos em papel filtro apresentaram os menores resultados de resistência de folha (17 Ω/sqr), sendo assim utilizados na produção dos supercapacitores. O supercapacitor impresso em papel apresentou um bom comportamento capacitivo através de medidas de espectroscopia de impedância e voltametria cíclica. A curva de impedância foi modelada através de um circuito do tipo R(RC)(C(RQ))(RC), evidenciando uma alta capacitância de dupla camada. Foi encontrada uma capacitância específica máxima de 20,3 F/g.para uma corrente de carga/descarga de 1 mA, e uma resistência equivalente em série de 60 Ω. Estes valores levaram a densidades de energia e potência de 3,1 Wh/kg e 420 W/kg, respectivamente. Realizaram-se também simulações e ajustes a partir das análises em corrente contínua, usando um circuito equivalente RC paralelo com uma resistência em série. Através destes ajustes foi possível extrair parâmetros de grande importância na utilização prática dos supercapacitores. / In this study, we first produced a standard supercapacitor using stainless steel collectors and Aquadag® graphite electrodes. The device exhibited a maximum capacitance of 22 F/g, and an R(C(RW))(RC)(RC) circuit modeled its impedance spectrum. With this device was possible to test the production methods of supercapacitors, and identify its desirable characteristics. Two different printing techniques were tested to produce electrodes/current collectors. The active material used in the electrodes was PEDOT: PSS, with addition of graphene oxide, Aquadag® graphite and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT), in order to obtain conductive composites. Morphological and electrical characterizations were performed over the surfaces of printed electrodes onto filter, vegetable and bond paper. The electrode produced by screen-printing using the PEDOT: PSS/MWNT composite printed onto filter paper exhibited low sheet resistance (17 Ω /sqr), being used in the production of supercapacitors. Printed supercapacitor showed good capacitive behavior through impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry measurements. An R(RC)(C(RQ)(RC) circuit modeled the impedance spectrum, evidencing a high double layer capacitance. A maximum specific capacitance of 20.3 F / g was found for a charge/discharge current of 1 mA, and an equivalent series resistance of 60 Ω. These values led to energy and power densities of 3.1 Wh / kg and 420 W / kg, respectively. Simulations and curve fitting were also performed from DC analyzes, using a parallel RC circuit coupled with a series resistance, obtaining important parameters for the practical use of supercapacitors. / FAPESP: 2015/18091-8

In the newspaper printing industry, offset is the dominating printing method and the use of multicolour printing has increased rapidly in newspapers during the last decade. The offset printing process relies on the assumption that an uniform film of ink of right thickness is transferred onto the printing areas. The quality of reproduction of colour images in offset printing is dependent on a number of parameters in a chain of steps and in the end it is the amount and the distribution of ink deposited on the substrate that create the sensation and thus the perceived colours. We identify three control points in the offset printing process and present methods for assessing the printing process quality in two of these points: • Methods for determining if the printing plates carry the correct image • Methods for determining the amount of ink deposited onto the newsprint A new concept of colour impression is introduced as a measure of the amount of ink deposited on the newsprint. Two factors contribute to values of the colour impression, the halftone dot-size and ink density. Colour impression values are determined on gray-bars using a CCD-camera based system. Colour impression values can also be determined in an area containing an arbitrary combination of cyan magenta and yellow inks. The correct amount of ink is known either from a reference print or from prepress information. Thus, the deviation of the amount of ink can be determined that can be used as control value by a press operator or as input to a control system. How a closed loop controller can be designed based on the colour impression values is also shown. It is demonstrated that the methods developed can be used for off-line print quality monitoring and ink feed control, or preferably in an online system in a newspaper printing press. / <p>Report code: LiU-TEK-LIC-2005:02</p>

’Point of view’ is an investigation of changeable surface patterns in the textile design field. The investigation is performed in order to get a deeper understanding of the relationship between changeable surface patterns and three-dimensional contexts to explore alternative methods.  The aim is to design surface patterns in a three dimensional context developed through printing and layering techniques, and to explore how the patterns change depending on the observer’s perspective. Practice based design experiments were carried out to explore materials and printing techniques such as transfer, digital and burn out. The patterns were in turn placed on a cubic frame with inner and outer layers, and studied for their effects on one another.  The project resulted in a series of surface patterns that were applied in a spatial context. The findings propose an alternative method for designing changeable surface patterns in a three-dimensional setting, using layers, transparency and distance as factors.

This paper studies the two aspects of current problems that plagues the Prusa i3 MK3sprinters in possession of JTH and how to resolve them; to be able to get a reliable printoutputs from engineering grade materials apart from conventional materials like PLAand PETG. The second aspect being the implementation of multi material module 2.0S,hereafter referred to as MMU2s successfully by analyzing and testing the current modi-cations and upgrades currently in the community and suggest any further modications,if required, both in terms of hardware and software which is further discussed in theupcoming sections. At present, there are numerous design upgrades and modicationsover the stock parts in the community which claim to iron out the reliability issues ofthe multi material unit. But, the success rates of these modications and upgrades varywidely. We tend to look at some of these modications which helps in eliminating theissues associated with the unit while getting it to produce results in a consistent and reliablemanner. The engineering grade thermoplastics which the university plan to use werealso taken into account to implement in the printers once the MMU2s setup was testedfor reliability. The objective also to create a successful prole sets by tweaking variousparameters in the slicing software for the aforementioned engineering grade materials sothat a ready-to-print prole is available for the corresponding material. During the course of project work, the reliability of the multi material unit was increasedby upgrading few of the components such as idler barrel and selector. Fine tuningof software parameters led to the error free running of the MMU unit by which extensivetesting was possible. Furthermore, engineering grade thermoplastics was able to betested and implemented on the current setup by making use of these software and hardwarechanges. Finally, extensive testing of the multi material unit was done coupled withengineering grade thermoplastics which yielded successful results and the congurationsettings saved for future use in the university.

Cellular materials, often called lattice materials, are increasingly receiving attention for their ultralight structures with high specific strength, excellent impact absorption, acoustic insulation, heat dissipation media and compact heat exchangers. In alignment with emerging additive manufacturing (AM) technology, realization of the structural applications of the lattice materials appears to be becoming faster. Considering the direction dependent material properties of the products with AM, by directionally dependent printing resolution, effective moduli of lattice structures appear to be directionally dependent. In this paper, a constitutive model of a lattice structure, which is an octet-truss with a base material having an orthotropic material property considering AM is developed. In a case study, polyjet based 3D printing material having an orthotropic property with a 9% difference in the principal direction provides difference in the axial and shear moduli in the octet-truss by 2.3 and 4.6%. Experimental validation for the effective properties of a 3D printed octet-truss is done for uniaxial tension and compression test. The theoretical value based on the micro-buckling of truss member are used to estimate the failure strength. Modulus value appears a little overestimate compared with the experiment. Finite element (FE) simulations for uniaxial compression and tension of octet-truss lattice materials are conducted. New effective properties for the octet-truss lattice structure are developed considering the observed behavior of the octet-truss structure under macroscopic compression and tension trough simulations.

The present Master thesis is focused on innovation and verification of the functionality of a 3D RepRap. The theoretical part of the thesis characterizes individual additive technologies. The practical part is focused on the design of the technical modifications of the printer in order to achieve the quality of the printing, while the current 3D printer design is compared with the innovative solution. The practical part tests the setting of print parameters, various materials for 3D printing and necessary finishing operations. The thesis is completed

Increase in population and limited resources have created a growing demand for a futuristic living environment where technology enables the efficient utilization and management of resources in order to increase quality of life. One characteristic of such a society, which is often referred to as a ‘Smart City’, is that the people are well informed about their physiological being as well as the environment around them, which makes them better equipped to handle crisis situations. There is a need, therefore, to develop wireless sensors which can provide early warnings and feedback during calamities such as floods, fires, and industrial leaks, and provide remote health care facilities. For these situations, low-cost sensor nodes with small form factors are required. For this purpose, the use of a low-cost, mass manufacturing technique such as inkjet printing can be beneficial due to its digitally controlled additive nature of depositing material on a variety of substrates. Inkjet printing can permit economical use of material on cheap flexible substrates that allows for the development of miniaturized freeform electronics. This thesis describes how low-cost, inkjet-printed, wireless sensors have been developed for real-time monitoring applications. A 3D buoyant mobile wireless sensor node has been demonstrated that can provide early warnings as well as real-time data for flood monitoring. This disposable paper-based module can communicate while floating in water up to a distance of 50 m, regardless of its orientation in the water. Moreover, fully inkjet-printed sensors have been developed to monitor temperature, humidity and gas levels for wireless environmental monitoring. The sensors are integrated and packaged using 3D inkjet printing technology. Finally, in order to demonstrate the benefits of such wireless sensor systems for health care applications, a low-cost, wearable, wireless sensing system has been developed for chronic wound monitoring. The system called ‘Smart Bandage’ can provide early warnings and long term data for medical diagnoses. These demonstrations show that inkjet printing can enable the development of low-cost wireless sensors that can be dispersed in the environment or worn on the human body to enable an internet of things (IoT), which can facilitate better and safer living.