Atualmente, o ambiente extremamente dinâmico e altamente competitivo, no qual as organizações estão inseridas, aumentou expressivamente a importância da Tecnologia da Informação (TI). Aliada a isto, a crescente complexidade das infraestruturas de redes e serviços, também conhecidas como infraestruturas de TI, tornaram a Gerência de Serviços de Tecnologia da Informação indispensável a qualquer organização. Nesse cenário, coletâneas de boas práticas e processos foram desenvolvidas visando a obter o melhor desempenho dos produtos e serviços oferecidos. Entre as coletâneas amplamente aceitas, tanto na academia quanto na indústria, vale destacar a Biblioteca de Infraestrutura de Tecnologia da Informação (i.e., Information Technology Infrastructure Library, ITIL). Dentre os processos descritos na ITIL, o Gerenciamento de Mudanças é de suma importância para as organizações. Tal processo é responsável por padronizar o planejamento, o agendamento, a implementação e a avaliação de mudanças no ambiente de TI. Ainda que a adoção das boas práticas proporcione significativas melhorias, a ocorrência de falhas em procedimentos de mudanças não pode ser negligenciada. Para tratar eventuais falhas é proposto o processo de Gerenciamento de Problemas, o qual é responsável por gerir o ciclo de vida de problemas. Nesse contexto, o reúso do conhecimento e da experiência do operador, sobre os processos de TI, é de fundamental importância, pois possibilita a simplificação de procedimentos para a detecção da causa raiz de falhas e, consequentemente, minimiza perdas financeiras e custos de manutenção. Apesar disso, nas soluções existentes o processo de diagnóstico é realizado de uma forma estática e ad hoc, o que dificulta reutilizar o conhecimento em falhas recorrentes ou similares. Diante do exposto, nesta dissertação é proposta uma solução para a identificação interativa da causa raiz de problemas detectados em mudanças. Em contraste com as soluções existentes, o foco desta dissertação é o reúso de traços históricos de diagnósticos e da experiência do operador. A solução proposta teve sua aplicabilidade avaliada em dois estudos de casos. Os cenários utilizados são baseados em situações reais, bem como consideram falhas recorrentes em mudanças sobre as infraestruturas de redes e serviços. Os resultados demonstram a capacidade da solução em reutilizar o conhecimento adquirido com experiências anteriores, bem como, na adaptabilidade do diagnóstico gerado, tanto na infraestrutura de TI na qual a falha ocorre, quanto nas respostas fornecidas pelo operador. A estrutura modular da solução desenvolvida permite dividir a complexidade do processo de identificação em problemas menores que podem ser resolvidos individualmente. Assim, as organizações podem personalizar partes da solução para melhor refletirem as necessidades específicas do seu ambiente de TI. / Presently, the extremely dynamic and highly competitive environment, in which organizations are inserted, significantly increased the importance of Information Technology (IT). In addition, the increasing complexity of network infrastructures and services, also known as IT infrastructures, turned the Information Technology Service Management essential to any organization. In this context, guides of best practices and processes were developed to obtain a best performance out of provided products and services. Among the most widely accepted proposals, in both academy and industry, it is worth mentioning the ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library). From the processes described in ITIL, Change Management is indispensable for organizations. This process defines how changes should be planned, scheduled, implemented, and evaluated in IT environments. Despite the significant improvements that the adoption of ITIL’s best practices can provide, the occurrence of failures cannot be neglected. To address possible failures, the process of Problem Management is proposed. Such process is responsible for managing the life cycle of problems. Thus, the reuse of operator’s knowledge and experience, on IT processes, has fundamental importance for allowing to simplify the procedures of detecting failures’ root cause and, therefore, minimizes financial losses and maintenance costs. Nevertheless, the diagnostic process, in the existing solutions, is performed in a static and ad hoc fashion, which complicates the reuse of knowledge in recurrent failures or similar. Based on the previous considerations, in this dissertation, we propose a solution for interactive identification of the root cause of problems detected in IT changes. In contrast to existing solutions, the focus of this solution is the reuse of the operator’s experience and the knowledge from cases that have already been completed. The proposed solution had its applicability evaluated in two case studies. The scenarios used are based on real situations, taking into account recurrent failures in changes on IT infrastructures. The results show not only the ability of the solution to reuse the knowledge acquired from previous experiences, but also the adaptability of diagnosis generated in both the IT infrastructure, where failure occurs, and the responses provided by operator. The modular structure of the developed solution allows to divide the complexity of the identification process into smaller problems that can be solved individually. Thus, organizations can customize parts of the solution to better reflect the specific requirements of your IT environment.

Atualmente, o ambiente extremamente dinâmico e altamente competitivo, no qual as organizações estão inseridas, aumentou expressivamente a importância da Tecnologia da Informação (TI). Aliada a isto, a crescente complexidade das infraestruturas de redes e serviços, também conhecidas como infraestruturas de TI, tornaram a Gerência de Serviços de Tecnologia da Informação indispensável a qualquer organização. Nesse cenário, coletâneas de boas práticas e processos foram desenvolvidas visando a obter o melhor desempenho dos produtos e serviços oferecidos. Entre as coletâneas amplamente aceitas, tanto na academia quanto na indústria, vale destacar a Biblioteca de Infraestrutura de Tecnologia da Informação (i.e., Information Technology Infrastructure Library, ITIL). Dentre os processos descritos na ITIL, o Gerenciamento de Mudanças é de suma importância para as organizações. Tal processo é responsável por padronizar o planejamento, o agendamento, a implementação e a avaliação de mudanças no ambiente de TI. Ainda que a adoção das boas práticas proporcione significativas melhorias, a ocorrência de falhas em procedimentos de mudanças não pode ser negligenciada. Para tratar eventuais falhas é proposto o processo de Gerenciamento de Problemas, o qual é responsável por gerir o ciclo de vida de problemas. Nesse contexto, o reúso do conhecimento e da experiência do operador, sobre os processos de TI, é de fundamental importância, pois possibilita a simplificação de procedimentos para a detecção da causa raiz de falhas e, consequentemente, minimiza perdas financeiras e custos de manutenção. Apesar disso, nas soluções existentes o processo de diagnóstico é realizado de uma forma estática e ad hoc, o que dificulta reutilizar o conhecimento em falhas recorrentes ou similares. Diante do exposto, nesta dissertação é proposta uma solução para a identificação interativa da causa raiz de problemas detectados em mudanças. Em contraste com as soluções existentes, o foco desta dissertação é o reúso de traços históricos de diagnósticos e da experiência do operador. A solução proposta teve sua aplicabilidade avaliada em dois estudos de casos. Os cenários utilizados são baseados em situações reais, bem como consideram falhas recorrentes em mudanças sobre as infraestruturas de redes e serviços. Os resultados demonstram a capacidade da solução em reutilizar o conhecimento adquirido com experiências anteriores, bem como, na adaptabilidade do diagnóstico gerado, tanto na infraestrutura de TI na qual a falha ocorre, quanto nas respostas fornecidas pelo operador. A estrutura modular da solução desenvolvida permite dividir a complexidade do processo de identificação em problemas menores que podem ser resolvidos individualmente. Assim, as organizações podem personalizar partes da solução para melhor refletirem as necessidades específicas do seu ambiente de TI. / Presently, the extremely dynamic and highly competitive environment, in which organizations are inserted, significantly increased the importance of Information Technology (IT). In addition, the increasing complexity of network infrastructures and services, also known as IT infrastructures, turned the Information Technology Service Management essential to any organization. In this context, guides of best practices and processes were developed to obtain a best performance out of provided products and services. Among the most widely accepted proposals, in both academy and industry, it is worth mentioning the ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library). From the processes described in ITIL, Change Management is indispensable for organizations. This process defines how changes should be planned, scheduled, implemented, and evaluated in IT environments. Despite the significant improvements that the adoption of ITIL’s best practices can provide, the occurrence of failures cannot be neglected. To address possible failures, the process of Problem Management is proposed. Such process is responsible for managing the life cycle of problems. Thus, the reuse of operator’s knowledge and experience, on IT processes, has fundamental importance for allowing to simplify the procedures of detecting failures’ root cause and, therefore, minimizes financial losses and maintenance costs. Nevertheless, the diagnostic process, in the existing solutions, is performed in a static and ad hoc fashion, which complicates the reuse of knowledge in recurrent failures or similar. Based on the previous considerations, in this dissertation, we propose a solution for interactive identification of the root cause of problems detected in IT changes. In contrast to existing solutions, the focus of this solution is the reuse of the operator’s experience and the knowledge from cases that have already been completed. The proposed solution had its applicability evaluated in two case studies. The scenarios used are based on real situations, taking into account recurrent failures in changes on IT infrastructures. The results show not only the ability of the solution to reuse the knowledge acquired from previous experiences, but also the adaptability of diagnosis generated in both the IT infrastructure, where failure occurs, and the responses provided by operator. The modular structure of the developed solution allows to divide the complexity of the identification process into smaller problems that can be solved individually. Thus, organizations can customize parts of the solution to better reflect the specific requirements of your IT environment.

Atualmente, o ambiente extremamente dinâmico e altamente competitivo, no qual as organizações estão inseridas, aumentou expressivamente a importância da Tecnologia da Informação (TI). Aliada a isto, a crescente complexidade das infraestruturas de redes e serviços, também conhecidas como infraestruturas de TI, tornaram a Gerência de Serviços de Tecnologia da Informação indispensável a qualquer organização. Nesse cenário, coletâneas de boas práticas e processos foram desenvolvidas visando a obter o melhor desempenho dos produtos e serviços oferecidos. Entre as coletâneas amplamente aceitas, tanto na academia quanto na indústria, vale destacar a Biblioteca de Infraestrutura de Tecnologia da Informação (i.e., Information Technology Infrastructure Library, ITIL). Dentre os processos descritos na ITIL, o Gerenciamento de Mudanças é de suma importância para as organizações. Tal processo é responsável por padronizar o planejamento, o agendamento, a implementação e a avaliação de mudanças no ambiente de TI. Ainda que a adoção das boas práticas proporcione significativas melhorias, a ocorrência de falhas em procedimentos de mudanças não pode ser negligenciada. Para tratar eventuais falhas é proposto o processo de Gerenciamento de Problemas, o qual é responsável por gerir o ciclo de vida de problemas. Nesse contexto, o reúso do conhecimento e da experiência do operador, sobre os processos de TI, é de fundamental importância, pois possibilita a simplificação de procedimentos para a detecção da causa raiz de falhas e, consequentemente, minimiza perdas financeiras e custos de manutenção. Apesar disso, nas soluções existentes o processo de diagnóstico é realizado de uma forma estática e ad hoc, o que dificulta reutilizar o conhecimento em falhas recorrentes ou similares. Diante do exposto, nesta dissertação é proposta uma solução para a identificação interativa da causa raiz de problemas detectados em mudanças. Em contraste com as soluções existentes, o foco desta dissertação é o reúso de traços históricos de diagnósticos e da experiência do operador. A solução proposta teve sua aplicabilidade avaliada em dois estudos de casos. Os cenários utilizados são baseados em situações reais, bem como consideram falhas recorrentes em mudanças sobre as infraestruturas de redes e serviços. Os resultados demonstram a capacidade da solução em reutilizar o conhecimento adquirido com experiências anteriores, bem como, na adaptabilidade do diagnóstico gerado, tanto na infraestrutura de TI na qual a falha ocorre, quanto nas respostas fornecidas pelo operador. A estrutura modular da solução desenvolvida permite dividir a complexidade do processo de identificação em problemas menores que podem ser resolvidos individualmente. Assim, as organizações podem personalizar partes da solução para melhor refletirem as necessidades específicas do seu ambiente de TI. / Presently, the extremely dynamic and highly competitive environment, in which organizations are inserted, significantly increased the importance of Information Technology (IT). In addition, the increasing complexity of network infrastructures and services, also known as IT infrastructures, turned the Information Technology Service Management essential to any organization. In this context, guides of best practices and processes were developed to obtain a best performance out of provided products and services. Among the most widely accepted proposals, in both academy and industry, it is worth mentioning the ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library). From the processes described in ITIL, Change Management is indispensable for organizations. This process defines how changes should be planned, scheduled, implemented, and evaluated in IT environments. Despite the significant improvements that the adoption of ITIL’s best practices can provide, the occurrence of failures cannot be neglected. To address possible failures, the process of Problem Management is proposed. Such process is responsible for managing the life cycle of problems. Thus, the reuse of operator’s knowledge and experience, on IT processes, has fundamental importance for allowing to simplify the procedures of detecting failures’ root cause and, therefore, minimizes financial losses and maintenance costs. Nevertheless, the diagnostic process, in the existing solutions, is performed in a static and ad hoc fashion, which complicates the reuse of knowledge in recurrent failures or similar. Based on the previous considerations, in this dissertation, we propose a solution for interactive identification of the root cause of problems detected in IT changes. In contrast to existing solutions, the focus of this solution is the reuse of the operator’s experience and the knowledge from cases that have already been completed. The proposed solution had its applicability evaluated in two case studies. The scenarios used are based on real situations, taking into account recurrent failures in changes on IT infrastructures. The results show not only the ability of the solution to reuse the knowledge acquired from previous experiences, but also the adaptability of diagnosis generated in both the IT infrastructure, where failure occurs, and the responses provided by operator. The modular structure of the developed solution allows to divide the complexity of the identification process into smaller problems that can be solved individually. Thus, organizations can customize parts of the solution to better reflect the specific requirements of your IT environment.

This diploma thesis is focused on incident and problem management on computer network at University of Economics, Prague. Its goal is to study available models used in network management, analyze current status of network management support tools used at University of Economics and design and implement an application for effective diagnosis of network incidents based on this analysis. Information about network management models will be acquired from available sources -- primarily ITIL v3 and also online information published on the Web. The final part of this thesis is a fully functional web-based application which will be used by helpdesk operators to support them in finding event information in historical log files. This application will then be deployed on servers in University of Economics, Prague.

No / Gerard Egan's problem management and opportunity development model is currently in use training prospective counsellors, social workers, nurses, managers, etc. the skills of helping. This essay attempts, experimentally, to depict in three different ways Egan's work and its relationship to operations of power: (1) from a relatively uncritical stance, (2) from a personal experience stance, and (3) from a social constructionist perspective. The whole piece, taken together, attempts to tackle the issue of theory as practice ¿ to ground/unmask/make present the ways in which we are socialised into a profession and the problems inherent in that process. Two themes run through the work: the double bind created for a student on a counselling course which makes some claim to train around Rogers' core conditions, and which is also assessed/accredited; the connections between theory, training and practices.

Syfte: Tidigare forskning kring aktivitetsbaserade kontor har fokuserat på underordnade  medarbetare och de effekter det har på deras arbete. Användningen av konceptet påverkar dock även medarbetare i en chefsposition. Syftet med denna studie är därför att belysa hur chefer upplever att deras möjligheter att utöva ledarskap påverkas av användningen av aktivitetsbaserat kontor.   Metod: Studiens vetenskapliga synsätt är hermeneutisk fenomenologi och vi har använt en abduktiv forskningsansats. Den teoretiska referensramen är uppbyggd på tidigare forskning, och har  uppdaterats kontinuerligt under studiens gång. Studiens forskningsdesign är en fallstudie, och datainsamling sker i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Empiri analyseras med den teoretiska referensramen som bas och resultaten diskuteras i analysen.   Resultat & slutsats: Studien visar att aktivitetsbaserat kontor påverkar ledares möjligheter att utöva ledarskap på samtliga delområden vi har undersökt, om än i olika stor utsträckning. Likt tidigare forskning i ämnet visar vår studie att den ökade interaktionen ett aktivitetsbaserat kontor medför är starkt bidragande till de olika effekter som uppmärksammas. Dock upplevs effekterna inte alltid på samma sätt ur ett chefsperspektiv.   Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Vår studie inkluderade endast företag som nyligen implementerat aktivitetsbaserat kontor. Vi föreslår en studie där företag som haft aktivitetsbaserat kontor en längre tid studeras för att upptäcka nya utmaningar, problem och möjligheter för chefer. Vi anser även att framtida studier bör titta på andra aspekter av ledarskapet än de vi fokuserat på och hur dessa påverkas av aktivitetsbaserat kontor.   Uppsatsens bidrag: Studien visar att aktivitetsbaserat kontor påverkar ledares möjligheter att utöva ledarskap. Ledarskapet överlag har blivit mer ledande och uppmuntrande snarare än styrande. Vi har dock även uppmärksammat ett antal utmaningar som konceptet för med sig vilka påverkar ledarens arbete. / Aim: Previous research on activity-based offices has focused on subordinates and the effects it has on their work. The use of the concept also affects employees in a management position. The purpose of this study therefore is to illustrate how managers percieve that their opportunities to exercise leadership are affected by the use of an activity-based office.  Method: The study's scientific approach is hermeneutic phenomenology and we have used an abductive research approach. The theoretical framework is based on previous research, and was updated continuously during the study. The study's research design is a case study, and data collection was made in the form of semi-structured interviews. Empirical material was analysed with the theoretical framework as a base and the results are discussed in the analysis.  Result & conclusion: The study shows that activity-based offices affect the leader's opportunities to exercise leadership in all areas we have investigated, although to varying degree. As in previous research on the subject our study shows that the increased interaction an activity-based office brings, is a strong contributor to the various effects that have been noted. The effects however are not always percieved in the same way from a manager’s perspective.  Suggestions for future research: Our study only included companies that have recently implemented an activity-based office. We propose a study including companies that have been using an activity-based office for a longer time to discover new challenges, problems and opportunities for managers. We also believe that future studies should look at other aspects of leadership than those we focused on and how these are affected by the activity-based office.  Contribution of the thesis: The study shows that the activity-based office affects the leader's opportunities to exercise leadership. The leadership has generally become more conductive and supportive rather than controlling. However, we have also noted a number of challenges that the concept entails that affect the manager's job.

The 18 September 2000 disclosure that StarLink corn, a genetically engineered variety not approved for human consumption, had been detected in food was a seminal event in agricultural biotechnology. This thesis presents a comprehensive case study of the StarLink incident (part one), reviews the StarLink situation in terms of crisis management theory (part two) and develops crisis management theory using the StarLink incident as an example of a crisis (part three). Part one provides background information, then a meticulous day-by-day account of StarLink-related events. Part two presents a detailed overview of crisis management theory, then examines the StarLink situation in terms of pre-crisis (warning signals, preconditions for a crisis, crisis trigger), crisis (how Aventis, the biotechnology provider, managed the crisis and opinions concerning crisis handling) and post-crisis (lessons learned). Part three develops crisis management theory using the StarLink situation as an example of a crisis. It evaluates whether the StarLink incident possessed characteristics predicted for modern crises and suggests other factors which may become more prevalent and significant in future crises. The StarLink incident delivers certain practical lessons for managers, regulators and others and demonstrates a number of characteristics of modern crises.

The purpose of this thesis was to map and analyze how ITIL works together with SaaS in a specificproject at a company. This study has not only confirmed that ITIL and SaaS can work together, but hasalso produced recommendations for specific areas worth focusing on during implementation of thesetwo techniques. It’s worth mentioning that these recommendations have been produced from a veryspecific context and that customization of said technologies needs to be made to fit each organization.The results from this study implies that there might be a connection between the choice of developmentmethodology and how one chooses to deliver and maintain said product. This might be seen as trivialbut is highly relevant for new actors in the market, and something that should be mentioned in the officialITIL documentation. The same goes for customization of ITIL and SaaS. The results of this study mightlook different if the case study company had been using another development methodology.Earlier research made by Karkošková and Feuerlicht (2014) is confirmed, where one of their hypothesesis that there needs to be extra customization between the cloud (SaaS) and ITIL. They continue theirwork by successively adapt ITIL to SaaS from a consumer perspective. In their paper, they also mentionthe importance of beginning this adaption from the other end; the service provider perspective. Thisthesis begins said perspective, and not only starts to analyze, but also produce four recommendations onhow to proceed with the adaption of ITIL and SaaS. / Syftet med denna studie var att kartlägga och analysera hur ITIL fungerar tillsammans med SaaS i ettbefintligt uppdrag hos ett företag. Denna studie har inte bara bekräftat att ITIL och SaaS fungerartillsammans, den har även tagit fram rekommendationer för vad som tål att fokusera extra på under enimplementationsprocess när organisationen använder SaaS som sin leveransmetodik. Det bör docknämnas att dessa rekommendationer är utarbetade från ett väldigt specifikt fall, och att anpassa lösningarefter organisationerna alltid är och bör vara av hög prioritet.Studien antyder också att det finns ett samband mellan valet av utvecklingsmetodologi och hur mansedan ska leverera och hålla utvecklingen uppdaterad. Detta kan ses trivialt men är relevant för nyaaktörer på marknaden, något som bör antydas i ITIL:s dokumentation. Detsamma gäller anpassning avITIL och SaaS. Hade studiens resultat sett annorlunda ut om företaget istället använt en annanutvecklingsmetodik?Tidigare forskning av Karkošková och Feuerlicht (2014) bekräftas också, där en av deras hypoteser äratt det krävs extra anpassning mellan molnet och ITIL, varpå de börjar med att teoretiskt anpassa dessatvå begrepp, men endast från ett konsumentperspektiv. De nämner att steg två hade varit att anpassa frånett leverantörsperspektiv, och det är precis det som denna studie gör. Arbetet med att anpassa ITIL ochSaaS praktiskt är påbörjat och kan fortsätta att byggas upp av kommande studier. Denna studieproducerar även fyra rekommendationer till anpassningsarbetet.

Nowadays, ITIL represents intensely extended methodology for managing ICT services in the corporate services. This whole methodology contains 26 processes in a total of 5 books covering the life cycle of ICT services. One of the processes is also a problem management which is arranged in the book of Service operation. The goal of this dissertation is to design a complex model for the problem management at Vodafone Czech Republic a.s. In the opening of this thesis, the context of the ICT services in the corporate environment is defined. The following part presents basic information which provides the methodology in general. However, it is obvious that this information is insufficient for the real usage in the corporate environment. By combinig the knowledge gained from the methodology with knowledge about other ICT corporate services and business environment, the model itself has been established. Firstly, the chosen corporation was briefly introduced and the key aspects of ICT services were defined. Secondly, the weaknesses of the current state were identified. These inputs were applied in the design of the model. The first element of the model contains a vision and strategy of problem management. Subsequently, an analysis of the interested parties from the perspective of a problem manager was presented. The tools to support the work of a problem manager were briefly outlined and also the responsibilities of each roles -- what is a problem and what is not -- were determined. This model prevents possible misunderstandings and reduces friction surfaces. The main part of the entire model is the proces itself in which were identified 4 basic phases. For the purpose of information transmission in and out of the process was designed a method of communication and escalation matrix. Draft of the model is enclosed by showing key performance indicators. The last part of this thesis contains a design of database of known errors and a discussion of current challenges in the area of the problem management. The author of this thesis is a problem manager in previously described company and therefore he was able to insert his own recommendation from practise in every model supported by casual explanation.

Aim of this thesis is to evaluate a current state of the company ticketing tool. The evaluation is going to be performed using analytical methods. Enhancement proposals for process tuning and an effectivity increase of operational IT teams are going to be elaborated based on results of analyses in relation to the strategical company targets and ITIL best practices.