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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Deklarativt minne hos barn med dyslexi

Stål, Elisabet, Stålnacke, Maria January 2016 (has links)
Developmental dyslexia is a specific reading and spelling disability with several explanatory proposals. Previous research has shown that there is a strong relation between developmental dyslexia and difficulties in phonological processing, which has resulted in the theory that the cause of developmental dyslexia is a specific weakness in phonological awareness. However, such a specific weakness does not explain the non-linguistic difficulties that are also common in developmental dyslexia. According to the Procedural Deficit Hypothesis (PDH), several (both linguistic and non-linguistic) difficulties that are observed in developmental dyslexia can be explained by abnormal development of the procedural memory system. Moreover, this hypothesis implies that the declarative memory system remains intact and may have a compensatory role for the reading disabilities in developmental dyslexia. In this study, the aspect of declarative memory that is visual recognition memory after incidental encoding was examined. 10 children with diagnosed developmental dyslexia and 10 typically developed children participated in the study. The results indicated an intact declarative memory in children with developmental dyslexia. However, no significant correlation between declarative memory and reading ability was found. Thus, the prediction that declarative memory can serve a compensatory role in developmental dyslexia was not supported. / Dyslexi är en specifik läs- och skrivsvårighet med flera förklaringsmodeller. Tidigare forskning har visat på ett starkt samband mellan dyslexi och svårigheter med fonologiskt processande, vilket har lett fram till hypotesen att orsaken till dyslexi är en specifik svaghet i fonologisk medvetenhet. En sådan specifik nedsättning kan dock inte förklara de icke-språkliga svårigheter som också är vanligt förekommande vid dyslexi. Enligt the procedural deficit hypothesis (PDH) kan många (både språkliga och icke-språkliga) svårigheter vid dyslexi förklaras av en nedsättning i det procedurella minnet. Vidare innebär hypotesen att det deklarativa minnet är intakt och kan fungera som kompensation för svårigheterna vid dyslexi. I denna studie undersöktes det deklarativa minnet i form av visuellt igenkänningsminne efter oavsiktlig inkodning. I studien deltog 10 barn med dyslexi och 10 barn utan dyslexi. Resultatet indikerade att det deklarativa minnet var intakt hos barnen med dyslexi. Däremot kunde inget signifikant samband mellan deklarativt minne och läsförmåga ses. Antagandet att deklarativt minne kan fungera som kompensation vid dyslexi kunde därför inte stödjas.
2

Deklarativt minne hos universitetsstuderande med dyslexi : Undersökning av igenkänningsminne efter oavsiktlig inkodning

Shareef, Zeinab, Hällgren, Maria January 2015 (has links)
Utifrån the procedural deficit hypothesis (PDH) antas det deklarativa minnet vara intakt hos personer med dyslexi. Detta styrks av studier som visat att deklarativt minne är intakt eller förstärkt hos barn med SLI eller dyslexi då det undersökts med icke-språkliga minnestest. Personer med dyslexi som genomgår universitetsstudier antas kompensera för sina svårigheter på olika sätt, bland annat med det deklarativa minnet. I denna studie har deklarativt minne undersökts i form av visuellt igenkänningsminne efter oavsiktlig inkodning. Deltagarna utgjordes av 11 universitetsstuderande med dyslexi samt en kontrollgrupp på 26 universitetsstuderande utan dyslexi. Resultatet indikerade ett intakt deklarativt minne hos personer med dyslexi. En trend till att de även har ett förstärkt minne efter 24 timmar jämfört med kontrollgruppen kunde skönjas men var inte signifikant. Prediktionen att deklarativt minne används som kompensation i allmänhet samt för nedsatt läsförmåga kunde inte styrkas. Andra möjliga kompensatoriska strategier och förmågor än deklarativt minne diskuteras. / Based on the procedural deficit hypothesis (PDH) declarative memory is assumed to be intact in people with dyslexia. This is supported by studies showing that declarative memory is intact or enhanced in children with SLI or dyslexia when examined using non-verbal memory tests. People with dyslexia who undergo university studies are assumed to compensate for their difficulties in different ways, including with the use of declarative memory. This study examines the aspect of declarative memory that is visual recognition memory after incidental encoding. The participants were 11 university students with dyslexia and a control group of 26 university students without dyslexia. The results showed an intact declarative memory in people with dyslexia. A possible trend that they also have an enhanced memory after 24 hours compared with the control group could be seen but was not significant. The prediction that declarative memory is used as compensation in general and for impaired reading skills could not be substantiated. Other possible compensatory strategies and abilities besides declarative memory are discussed.
3

Implicit Sequence Learning in Children with Dyslexia with and without Language Impairment

Riggall, Emily 08 August 2017 (has links)
Procedural learning abilities have been shown to be deficient in children who meet criteria for Developmental Dyslexia (DD) and those who meet criteria for Specific Language Impairment (SLI; Lum et al., 2010; Menghini et al., 2006). Further, grammatical understanding has been linked to implicit sequence learning abilities across SLI and typically developing children (Lum, 2012). The present study examined implicit sequence learning, measured by the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT), in children who met criteria for DD with or without SLI. Implicit sequence learning was modeled using multi-level growth models of initial reaction time and learning slope across the repeated sequences of the SRTT. We further examined the predictive contributions of grammatical understanding, vocabulary abilities, phonological awareness, and diagnostic groups on implicit learning performance on the SRTT. Results showed language abilities and diagnostic group did not relate strongly to rates of implicit learning.
4

Procedurellt minne hos universitetsstuderande med dyslexi

Pierre, Janina, Toreheim, Josefine January 2014 (has links)
Dyslexi är en form av läs- och skrivsvårighet som inte kan förklaras av t.ex. bristfällig undervisning, låg begåvning eller synproblem. Orsaken till dyslexi anses vanligen vara nedsatt förmåga av fonologiskt processande. Flera studier har dock visat att dyslexi även är förknippat med språkliga, kognitiva och motoriska svårigheter som inte kan förklaras av nedsatt förmåga av fonologiskt processande. Det procedurella minnessystemet engageras vid inlärning, processande och konsolidering av kognitiva och motoriska färdigheter. Enligt the procedural deficit hypothesis (PDH) orsakas de svårigheter förekommande vid dyslexi av en nedsättning i detta minnessystem. Forskningen inom området är inte entydig då det har rapporterats om både intakt och nedsatt procedurellt minne hos personer med dyslexi. Föreliggande studie var den första att undersöka procedurellt minne hos svenska universitetsstuderande med dyslexi. Syftet var att testa PDH med hjälp av alternating serial reaction time task (ASRT), samt att undersöka relationen mellan procedurellt minne, närmare bestämt implicit sekvensinlärning, och läsförmåga samt aspekter av språklig/fonologisk förmåga. I studien deltog totalt 37 universitetsstuderande, 11 med dyslexi och 26 utan dyslexi. Resultatet indikerade att förmågan till inlärning och konsolidering i det procedurella minnet inte skilde sig åt mellan grupperna. Resultatet ger således inte stöd åt PDH. Vidare kunde inga signifikanta korrelationer påvisas, vilket tyder på att det inte föreligger något samband mellan procedurellt minne och respektive läsförmåga, fonologisk medvetenhet och snabb benämning (rapid automatized naming, RAN). / Developmental dyslexia is characterized by reading and writing difficulties that do not derive from poor education, low intelligence or visual impairment. The disorder is commonly explained as a result of an underlying phonological deficit. However, studies have shown that dyslexia is also associated with linguistic, cognitive, and motor impairments that can not be explained by a specific phonological deficit. The procedural memory underlies learning, processing and consolidation of motor and cognitive skills. The procedural deficit hypothesis (PDH) suggests that an impairment of procedural memory is the underlying cause of developmental dyslexia. Previous research has yielded inconsistent results as studies have reported intact as well as impaired procedural memory in dyslexics. This study was the first to examine procedural memory in Swedish university students. The aim was to test the PDH, by using an alternating serial reaction time task (ASRT), and to examine the correlation between procedural memory and reading ability as well as aspects of linguistic/phonological ability. In this study there was a total of 37 university students, 11 dyslexics and 26 nondyslexics. The result showed learning and consolidation of the procedural memory in both groups and there was no significant difference between the groups. Thus, the results do not support the PDH. No significant correlations were found, which indicates that there is no association between procedural memory and reading ability, phonological awareness or rapid automatized naming (RAN).

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