A transmissão de dados sem fio se faz presente no cotidiano de nossas vidas. Uma das tecnologias que mais se desenvolveu no início do século XXI é a rede sem fio e essa evolução levou a tecnologia a se difundir na indústria de processos. Em virtude disso, este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a transmissão de sinais das redes de instrumentos sem fio na indústria de processos, suas topologias e suas características. Para categorizar esta tecnologia no tempo, foi realizado um histórico das transmissões de sinais de campo, desde a transmissão pneumática até as atuais transmissões digitais fiadas. Também foi estudada a evolução dos sensores, que pode ser considerada um dos fatores que possibilitaram a transmissão sem fio. Foi apresentado os conceitos da nova tecnologia como espalhamento espectral, antenas, arquiteturas da rede e as atuais tecnologias WirelessHART e ISA100.11a, para que fosse possível entender os requisitos necessários para o projeto de uma rede de instrumentos sem fio. Baseadas no conceito ISO-OSI das redes convencionais, as redes de instrumentos sem fio possui cinco pilares (confiabilidade, tempo de latência, taxa de transferência, segurança e energia) que devem ser projetados em uma relação de compromisso, garantindo assim uma configuração de ótimo desempenho. Por fim, foi exemplificada a utilização dessa tecnologia através de implantações em algumas unidades de uma usina sucroalcooeira. / The wireless data transmissions are part of our daily lives. The wireless network is the technology that has been most developed in the beginning of the 21st century and this evolution allowed the industry to start considering the wireless technology as a viable option to its reality. Due to that, the aim of this paperwork is to study the wireless instrument network transmission in the process industries, its topologies and its characteristics. In order to categorize this technology over time, a history of signal field transmission was made, since the pneumatic transmission to the digital wired transmission. The sensors evolution was also studied and this can be considered one of the wireless transmission main vectors. It was introduced the concepts of this new technology as spread spectrum, antennas, network architectures and the WirelessHART and ISA100.11a technologies, as a preparation to understand the requirements for the design of a wireless instruments network. Based on the regular network ISO-OSI structure, the wireless instrument network has five columns (trustability, latency time, throughput, security and energy) that have to be designed in a commitment relation, ensuring an optimal performance configuration. In the end, it was exemplified the use of the technology through the implementation of some units in the sugarcane industry.

No description available.

This thesis seeks to find out the impact of Lean manufacturing (LM) on different sectors of process industries.  The theory of this thesis was established mainly on published high-impact scholarly literature, such as books, journals, conferences and theses, as well as several online websites on the subject matters of LM.  Afterwards, several hypotheses were formulated in order to check the findings of the present research regarding the impact om LM implementation on process industry. The research method for testing these hypotheses used in the thesis is to investigate several published case studies on LM in different sectors of the process industry. The findings from the results of these case studies have been substantiated by a case study which was conducted via questionnaire- based interviews in one alcoholic beverage industry.  The thesis reveals the importance of the inherent production process characteristics of each facility that sets out to implement lean as well as the range of expectations and benefits that can be witnessedupon successful employment of the most suitableLM practices. Additionally, attention is drawntowards the necessity of a continuous organization commitmentto the adoption of LM. Future research prospects that stem from the present thesis consist of an analysis of many different lean practices and tools separately, their implementation as well as the impact they would effectuate on differentsectors of the process industry contrary to the combined analysis of the LM tools studied in this thesis. Moreover, while the scope in this thesis was the implementation and the outcome of LM, it would be of interest to investigate the factors that inhibit successful implementation on process industries.

A transmissão de dados sem fio se faz presente no cotidiano de nossas vidas. Uma das tecnologias que mais se desenvolveu no início do século XXI é a rede sem fio e essa evolução levou a tecnologia a se difundir na indústria de processos. Em virtude disso, este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a transmissão de sinais das redes de instrumentos sem fio na indústria de processos, suas topologias e suas características. Para categorizar esta tecnologia no tempo, foi realizado um histórico das transmissões de sinais de campo, desde a transmissão pneumática até as atuais transmissões digitais fiadas. Também foi estudada a evolução dos sensores, que pode ser considerada um dos fatores que possibilitaram a transmissão sem fio. Foi apresentado os conceitos da nova tecnologia como espalhamento espectral, antenas, arquiteturas da rede e as atuais tecnologias WirelessHART e ISA100.11a, para que fosse possível entender os requisitos necessários para o projeto de uma rede de instrumentos sem fio. Baseadas no conceito ISO-OSI das redes convencionais, as redes de instrumentos sem fio possui cinco pilares (confiabilidade, tempo de latência, taxa de transferência, segurança e energia) que devem ser projetados em uma relação de compromisso, garantindo assim uma configuração de ótimo desempenho. Por fim, foi exemplificada a utilização dessa tecnologia através de implantações em algumas unidades de uma usina sucroalcooeira. / The wireless data transmissions are part of our daily lives. The wireless network is the technology that has been most developed in the beginning of the 21st century and this evolution allowed the industry to start considering the wireless technology as a viable option to its reality. Due to that, the aim of this paperwork is to study the wireless instrument network transmission in the process industries, its topologies and its characteristics. In order to categorize this technology over time, a history of signal field transmission was made, since the pneumatic transmission to the digital wired transmission. The sensors evolution was also studied and this can be considered one of the wireless transmission main vectors. It was introduced the concepts of this new technology as spread spectrum, antennas, network architectures and the WirelessHART and ISA100.11a technologies, as a preparation to understand the requirements for the design of a wireless instruments network. Based on the regular network ISO-OSI structure, the wireless instrument network has five columns (trustability, latency time, throughput, security and energy) that have to be designed in a commitment relation, ensuring an optimal performance configuration. In the end, it was exemplified the use of the technology through the implementation of some units in the sugarcane industry.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第21917号 / 情博第700号 / 新制||情||120(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科システム科学専攻 / (主査)教授 加納 学, 教授 杉江 俊治, 教授 大塚 敏之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

Process intensification tools, such as the capillary reactor, offer several benefits to the chemical process industries due to the well-defined high specific interfacial area available for heat and mass transfer, which increases the transfer rates, and due to low inventories, they also enhance the safety of the process. This has provided motivation to investigate three such tools, namely the capillary microreactor, spinning disc and rotating tube reactors, in this study. / The gas-liquid slug flow capillary microreactor intensifies reactor performance through internal circulation caused by the shear between the continuous phase/wall surface and the slug axis, which enhances the diffusivity and consequently increases the reaction rates. However, integrating the complex hydrodynamics of this reactor with its chemical kinetics is a mathematically challenging task. Therefore, in this study, a simple-to-complex approach, using a set of state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamic tools, has been used. Firstly, simulations were performed without any chemical reaction to ascertain the extent of slug flow regime. The model also clearly captured the slug flow generation mechanism which can be used to structurally optimize the angle of entry in these reactors. Finally, the hydrodynamic model was also capable of estimating the pressure drop and slug lengths. After successfully simulating the hydrodynamics of the system, a reaction model was incorporated to study the chemical reaction kinetics. The results were compared with the published experimental work and were found to be in good agreement. / The spinning disc reactor utilizes the centrifugal and shear forces to generate thin liquid films characterized with intense interfering waves. This enables a very high heat transfer coefficients to be realized between the disc and liquid, as well as very high mass transfer between the liquid and the bulk gas phase. The waves formed also produce an intense local mixing with very little back mixing. This makes a spinning disc reactor an ideal contactor for multiphase processes. The focus of this study has been to elucidate the hydrodynamic behaviour of the liquid film flow over the horizontal spinning disc. Investigations were also performed to elaborate the local and overall hydrodynamic characteristics of a fully developed spinning disc reactor. Simulation results showed a continuous linear liquid film on the horizontal spinning disc and intense mixing performance in the annulus of the reactor around the disc surface. Finally, the film thickness data from the simulations were compared with the limited amount of data available for this novel process. / Rotating tube reactor also uses centrifugal forces to generate the liquid film and a high degree of mixing along with an improved control over the reactant retention times. In this work we have conducted a CFD analysis to understand the hydrodynamics of this new technology for future developments.

The process industries span multiple industrial sectors and constitute a substantial part of the entire manufacturing industry. Since companies belonging to this family of industries are often very asset intensive, their ability to respond to changes is often limited in the short term. The adaptation of the capabilities of existing processes, and conversely finding products and market segments to match the production system capabilities, are an important part of product- and market development activities in the process industry. The importance to companies in the process industry of having a well-articulated manufacturing strategy congruent with the business strategy is second to none. However, to facilitate manufacturing strategy developments, it is essential to start with an improved characterization and understanding of the material transformation system. To that end an extensive set of variables was developed and related measures and scales were defined. The resulting configuration model, focusing on company generic process capabilities in the process industries, is to be regarded as a conceptual taxonomy and as a proposition available for further testing. The usability of the model was subsequently assessed using “mini-cases” in the forestry industry, where the respondents confirmed that the company’s overall strategy could benefit from this kind of platform as a possible avenue to follow. The model was deployed as an instrument in the profiling of company material transformation systems to facilitate the further development of companies' functional and business strategies. The use of company-generic production capabilities was studied in three case companies representing the mineral, food and steel industries. The model was found by the respondents to be usable as a knowledge platform to develop production strategies. In the final analysis of the research results, a new concept emerged called “production capability configuration": A process-industrial company’s alignment of its generic production capabilities in the areas of raw materials, process technology and products to improve the consistency among the variable elements that define operations and improve the congruence between operations and its environment. From the perspective of value creation and capture, firms must be able to manufacture products in a competitive cost structure within the framework of a proper business model. By using the configuration model, the relationship between manufacturing and innovation activities has been studied in the previously mentioned three case studies. In many cases the gap in capability appears as a limitation in the production system, requiring development efforts and sometimes investments to overcome. This is illustrated with two examples from the steel industry, where development efforts of the production system capabilities are initiated to better match the market demands. One example is the increase the volume- and product flexibility of an existing stainless steel melt shop, resulting in a proposed oblong Argon Oxygen Decarburisation (AOD) converter configuration that was subsequently verified using water modelling. The second example is from a carbon steel mill, where the target was to increase the raw material- and volume flexibility of another melt shop, by modifying the capabilities of the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF). Enabling EAF technologies are further described and evaluated using operational data and engineering type of estimates. / <p>QC 20170116</p>

p. 1-136 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-03-20T17:39:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 111.pdf: 1647008 bytes, checksum: 57c26c7cdd1b76461b1c1df56b6e8e39 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima(tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2013-05-17T16:43:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 111.pdf: 1647008 bytes, checksum: 57c26c7cdd1b76461b1c1df56b6e8e39 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-17T16:43:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 111.pdf: 1647008 bytes, checksum: 57c26c7cdd1b76461b1c1df56b6e8e39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / O objetivo desta dissertação é compreender a contribuição do Alinhamento Estratégico para a implantação do E-procurement em indústrias de processo contínuo. Para atingilo, buscou-se Inicialmente, revisar a literatura referente a Economia Digital e Comércio Eletrônico; Estratégia e Internet; Paradoxo de Produtividade X Retorno Investimento em TI; Alinhamento Estratégico. Em seguida, procurou-se desenvolver estudos de caso na BRASKEM e Caraíba Metais, através da coleta de dados primários e secundários, bem como aproveitamento da experiência vivenciada. Ao final, estabeleceu-se ligação entre a teoria e os dados empíricos, desenvolvendo uma análise dos resultados encontrados nas empresas estudadas. A pesquisa concluiu que o Alinhamento Estratégico é imprescindível e contribui de forma significativa na implantação de projetos de Eprocurement, entretanto, recomendou-se considerar as peculiaridades de cada indústria e a respectiva importância estratégica da TI. / Salvador

Les effets dominos ou cascade d’événements dans les industries et particulièrement dans les industries chimiques et de transformation, sont reconnus comme des scénarios d’accidents possibles depuis environ trois décennies. Ils représentent une préoccupation croissante, car ils ont le potentiel de provoquer des conséquences dévastatrices. L’effet domino, comme phénomène, est un sujet controversé lorsque son évaluation est nécessaire. L’examen de la bibliographie a démontré l’absence d’une définition commune et d’une procédure simple d’utilisation et précise pour son appréciation. C’est pourquoi l’un des objectifs de cette recherche est de formaliser les connaissances relatives aux effets dominos afin de comprendre les mécanismes de leurs occurrences. Pour ce faire nous avons étudié les paramètres à examiner pour déterminer la possibilité de cascade et être en mesure d’identifier les scénarios dominos. L’enjeu étant de permettre l’amélioration de la prévention du risque d’effet domino. L’autre objectif est donc de produire une méthode pour l’identification et l’analyse des effets dominos. Nous avons développé une méthodologie globale pour l’étude des effets dominos en chaîne initiés par des pertes de confinement. Elle permet l’identification et la hiérarchisation des chemins de propagation des accidents. Cette méthode facilite la prise de décision pour la prévention des effets dominos, tout en proposant un outil efficace et simple d’utilisation. Les résultats de l’étude sont fournis sous forme d’une hiérarchisation quantitative des équipements impliqués dans les scénarios dominos, en tenant compte des effets des conditions météorologiques et des mesures de maîtrise des risques existantes ou proposées.Cette hiérarchisation donne une idée claire des dangers que représentent les équipements par rapport aux accidents en cascade, en précisant si la dangerosité de l’équipement provient de sa capacité à initier ou à propager un effet de cascade.La méthode est basée sur une description topographique de la zone étudiée, incluant les caractéristiques de chaque équipement, et prend en compte les mesures de maîtrise des risques mises en œuvre par l’industriel. Elle repose sur deux phases principales : La première, est l’identification des chemins de propagation des accidents. Pour ce faire, la méthode d’analyse par arbre d’événements est utilisée. Les cibles potentielles sont déterminées en combinant les valeurs seuils d’escalade et les modèles de vulnérabilité (pour l’estimation de la probabilité d’endommagement). Cette première phase est implémentée sous MATLAB® et Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) afin de faciliter l’entrée des données, et l’analyse des résultats dans Microsoft Excel®. La deuxième phase est l’identification des équipements les plus dangereux vis-à-vis des effets dominos. Elle consiste à hiérarchiser les équipements impliqués dans les chemins de propagation, en fonction de leur vraisemblance à causer ou à propager un effet domino. L’algorithme qui effectue cette phase est codé sous VBA. La méthode a été conçue de façon à ce qu’elle puisse être utilisée sans qu’il soit nécessaire de s’appuyer sur les résultats des études de dangers. Néanmoins, si ces résultats sont disponibles, il est alors possible d’alléger certaines étapes de la méthode. Elle s’est révélée facile à utiliser, cela a été constaté lors de son application dans le cadre de projets et stages d’étudiants. / Domino effects or cascading events in the chemical and process industries are recognized as credible accident scenarios since three decades. They are raising a growing concern, as they have the potential to cause catastrophic consequences. Domino effect, as phenomenon, is still a controversial topic when coming to its assessment. There is still a poor agreement on the definition of domino effect and its assessment procedures. A number of different definitions and approaches are proposed in technical standards and in the scientific literature. Therefore, one of this research objectives is to formalize domino effects knowledges in order to comprehend their occurrence mechanisms. Thus, the parameters that should be looked at so as to understand the escalation possibility and in order to identify domino scenarios, were analyzed. The aim is to improve domino effect hazards prevention, through the development of a methodology for the identification and the analysis of domino effects.We developed a method for the analysis of domino accident chain caused by loss of containments. It allow the identification and prioritization of accident propagation paths. The method is user-friendly and help decision making regarding the prevention of cascading events. The final outcomes of the model are given in form of quantitative rankings of equipment involved in domino scenarios, taking into account the effect of meteorological conditions and safety barriers. The rankings give a clear idea of equipment hazard for initiating or continuing cascading events.The methodology is based on a topography of the industrial area of concern, including the characteristics of each unit and accounting for protection and mitigation barriers. It is based on two main stages. The first is the identification of accident propagation paths. For this, the event tree method is used. The possible targets are identified combining the escalation thresholds and vulnerability models (to estimate damage probability). This first stage was implemented using the MATLAB® software and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to enable an easy input procedure and output analysis in Microsoft Excel®.The second stage is the identification of the most dangerous equipment. It consists in prioritizing equipment involved in the propagation paths according to their likelihood to cause/propagate domino effect. The algorithm that performs this phase was coded in VBA.The method was designed so as it can be used without the need to rely on the results of safety reports. However, if such results are available, it is possible to lighten some steps of the method. It revealed easy to apply, this was confirmed through projects and student internships. / Gli effetti domino, in cui un primo incidente causa in cascata altri scenari incidentali, sono tragli scenari incidentali più severi che avvengono nell’industria chimica. Nonostante l’attenzioneche anche la normativa dedica a tali scenari, la valutazione dell’effetto domino è un soggettocontroverso. L’analisi della letteratura tecnica e scientifica ha mostrato l’assenza di unadefinizione comune di « effetto domino » e di una semplice procedura per l’identificazione ditali scenari. È per tale motivo che uno degli obiettivi di questo lavoro di ricerca è diformalizzare le conoscenze relative agli effetti domino al fine di meglio comprendere imeccanismi che possono provocarli. A tal proposito sono stati studiati i parametri necessariper determinare la possibilità dell’insorgere di cascate di eventi e per essere in grado diidentificare i possibili scenari incidentali dovuti ad effetto domino. L’obiettivo finale del lavoroè stato di sviluppare un metodo per l’identificazione e l’analisi quantitativa della propagazionedi incidenti primari nell’ambito di scenari dovuti ad effetto domino.E’ stata sviluppata una metodologia generale per l’analisi degli effetti domino causati daperdite di confinamento. Tale metodologia permette l’identificazione e la classificazione deipercorsi di propagazione degli incidenti. Tale metodo facilita inoltre la prevenzione deglieffetti domino, proponendo uno strumento efficace e semplice da utilizzare.I risultati di questo studio sono forniti in forma di una classificazione delle apparecchiaturecoinvolte in scenari dovuti ad effetto domino, tenendo conto degli effetti delle condizionimeteorologiche e delle misure esistenti per la gestione del rischio. Tale classificazione fornisceanche un chiara idea dei pericoli rappresentati dalle singole apparecchiature nel caso diincidenti in cascata, in quanto precisando se la pericolosità delle attrezzature proviene dallaloro capacità di innescare o propagare un reazione a catena.Il metodo è basato su una descrizione topografica del sito studiato, che comprende anche lecaratteristiche di ogni attrezzatura, che tiene conto delle misure di gestione dei rischi e dellebarriere di sicurezza presenti, basato su due fasi principali. La prima è l’identificazione deipercorsi di propagazione degli incidenti. A tale scopo è stato utilizzato un metodo basatoVIsull’albero degli eventi. I potenziali bersagli vengono determinati combinando i valori di sogliaper la propagazione degli eventi ed i modelli di vulnerabilità delle apparecchiature. Questaprima fase è implementata in MATLAB® e Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) in modo dafacilitare la gestione dei dati e l’analisi dei risultati in Microsoft Excel®.La seconda fase è l’identificazione delle apparecchiature più pericolose per gli effetti domino.Tale fase consiste nel classificare le apparecchiature coinvolte nei percorsi di propagazione infunzione della loro capacità di causare o propagare un effetto domino. L’algoritmo dedicato inquesta fase è eseguito su VBA.I risultati ottenuti anche nell’applicazione ad un caso di studio hanno evidenziato le potenzialitàdel metodo, che rappresenta un significativo progresso nell’analisi quantitativa dell’effetto domino.

Die industrielle Instandhaltung ist ein erheblicher Kostenfaktor während der Betriebsphase einer verfahrenstechnischen Produktionsanlage. Insbesondere der Mangel an technischen Möglichkeiten zum Informationsaustausch des Instandhaltungspersonals mit der digitalen Anlage während der Arbeiten im Feld erzeugt hohe Kosten. Durch die entstehenden Medienbrüche sinkt die Qualität der Informationen in der Digitalen Anlage erheblich. Mobile Informationssysteme können diese Medienbrüche beseitigen und die Informationsqualität in der Digitalen Anlage entscheidend verbessern. Das Konzept der Distributed Wearable User Interfaces (DWUI) stellt einen integrierten Ansatz zur flexiblen Zusammenstellung gebrauchstauglicher Benutzungsschnittstellen für komplexe Arbeitsabläufe in widrigen Arbeitssituationen bereit. Diese setzen sich aus Interaktionsgeräten zusammen, die in einem kabellosen körpernahen Funknetzwerk miteinander verbunden sind und in ihrer Kombination die Benutzungsschnittstelle zu einem mobilen System bilden. Die Geräte sind ergonomisch und funktional optimal am Körper des Nutzers verteilt, wobei jedes Gerät eigenständig nutzbar und für eine bestimmte Aufgabe oder einen bestimmten Nutzungskontext optimiert ist. Die Ein- und Ausgaberäume der Geräte werden in einem integrierten Interaktionsraum harmonisiert. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird zunächst der Nutzungskontext der mobilen IT-gestützten Instandhaltung verfahrenstechnischer Produktionsanlagen im Hinblick auf Nutzungsszenarien und Anwendungsfälle für mobile Informationssysteme festgelegt. Darauf aufbauend werden Anforderungen an derartige Systeme spezifiziert und Gestaltungsgrundlagen und Empfehlungen speziell für DWUI-basierte mobile Informationssysteme erarbeitet. Anschließend wird eine Reihe spezieller Interaktionsgeräte vorgestellt, die verschiedene Interaktionsprinzipien, Techniken und Modalitäten umsetzen. Um diese Geräte in einem kollaborativen DWUI organisieren zu können, wird ein spezielles Kommunikationsprotokoll entworfen und prototypisch umgesetzt. Eine mobile Anwendung zur Instandhaltungsunterstützung wird vorgestellt, welche das DWUI-Kommunikationsprotokoll unterstützt und mit verschiedenen DWUI-Konfigurationen vollständig bedienbar ist. Diese Anwendung wird integriert in ein komplexes Unternehmensnetzwerk, über das sie Zugriff auf industrietypische computergestützte Planungswerkzeuge erhält. Anhand des resultierenden Gesamtsystems werden die prinzipielle Tauglichkeit und die Vorteile des DWUI-Konzepts demonstriert.