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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Performance Indicator Analysis as a Basis for Process Optimization and Energy Efficiency in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants / Nyckeltalsanalys som underlag för processoptimering och energieffektivisering i kommunala avloppsvattenreningsverk

Wennerholm, Elin January 2014 (has links)
The aim of this Master Thesis was to calculate and visualize performance indicators for the secondary treatment step in municipal wastewater treatment plants. Performance indicators are a valuable tool to communicate process conditions and energy efficiency to both management teams and operators of the plant. Performance indicators should be as few as possible, clearly defined, easily measurable, verifiable and easy to understand. Performance indicators have been calculated based on data from existing wastewater treatment plants and qualified estimates when insufficient data was available. These performance indicators were then evaluated and narrowed down to a few key indicators, related to process performance and energy usage. Performance indicators for the secondary treatment step were calculated for four municipal wastewater treatment plants operating three different process configurations of the activated-sludge technology; Sternö wastewater treatment plant (Sweden) using a conventional activated-sludge technology, Ronneby wastewater treatment plant (Sweden) using a ring-shaped activated-sludge technology called oxidation ditch, Headingley wastewater treatment plant (Canada) and Kimmswick wastewater treatment plant (USA), both of which use sequencing batch reactor (SBR) activated-sludge technology. Literature reviews, interviews and process data formed the basis of the Master Thesis. The secondary treatment was studied in all the wastewater treatment plants. Performance indicators were calculated, to the extent it was possible, for this step in the treatment process. The results showed that all the wastewater treatments plants, studied in this master thesis, were well below regulatory requirements of effluent concentrations of organic matter and nutrients. This gap between legislated requirements and performance provides an opportunity for improving energy efficiency and maintaining discharge requirements. The removal of organic matter was consistently high at all wastewater treatment plants studied but the removal of nitrogen was slightly lower during the colder months. The results further showed that the discharge of nitrogen from wastewater treatment plants is the largest stress on the recipient. Data regarding the energy usage was almost nonexistent and energy for aeration was therefore calculated when possible since it is aeration that accounts for the largest fraction of energy usage in a wastewater treatment plant. Sternö wastewater-treatment plant proved to be more energy efficient than Rustorp wastewater treatment plant.
2

KPI-framtagning på ledningsnivå : Ett tillämpat arbete baserat på modellen Analytics for Management, anpassat efter SAAB Aeronautics / KPI-development on management level : An applied thesis based upon the model of Analytics for Management, adapted to SAAB Aeronautics

Westerdahl, Robert, Yngemo, Martin January 2019 (has links)
The goal of this master thesis is to supply management at Saab Aeronautics with information and tools that allow for fast and effective insight into the manufacturing process. Additionally it aims to suggest improvements concerning measurements and the use of data for the internal workshops. The method of creating good performance indicators will also be part of the deliverables to Saab for future use. The master thesis is based on Analytics for Management by Tanima Chowhury and Louise Sandén, an earlier master thesis which describes a method for generating KPI:s. Furthermore the master thesis intends to answer some research questions, these questions are based around how well Analytics for Management can be adapted to a large organization like Saab and an evaluation of their previously used KPI:s. The main changes to the method as described in Analytics for Management are regarding differences in the data collection and the addition of a fourth phase. The new fourth phase uses the output from the previous three phases that are described in Analytics for Management, to assess which KPI:s are most suitable for top managerial use. The first phase utilizesthe company vision and strategy, to create suitable tactical goals. In this project, this translates to the company strategy getting linked to goals set up for the internal workshops at Saab Aeronautics. After this, in the second phase, the goals are used to produce KPI:s for the workshops. The output of phase two is therefore the chosen KPI:s that have been confirmed with management. The third phase uses the KPI:s and aims to evaluate the measurement system to either improve it or create it, if nonexistent. This part has been intentionally reduced in this report due to complexity. The fourth phase, evaluates out which KPI:s should be selected and how they should be visualized to create a good overview for management. The main result or output of the master thesis report consists of two parts, the method of generating KPI:s and the actual generated KPI:s. The KPI:s created during the master thesis are very similar to the KPI:s previously used, but improved. This indicates that the previous KPI:s is use at Saab were up to standard. However, the underlying data and traceability was not. These results generate good value for the future and the findings underline an important area. However, according to the authors, the main value should consist of highlighting the defective underlying data and solutions created to solve the problem / Med denna rapport vill man tillgodose ledningen på Saab Aeronautics med information och verktyg som effektivt ger en inblick kring verksamhetens produktionsenheter. Man ämnar också ge förslag till taktiska ledningen angående mätetal och datahantering. Utöver konkreta förslag tar man även fram metodiken för framtida bruk på Saab. För att genomföra detta appliceras en anpassning av metodiken beskriven i Analytics for Management av Tanima Chowdhury och Louise Sandén. I Analytics for Management presenteras en metodik för att ta fram och utvärdera KPI:er. I samband med metodiken ställs också forskningsfrågor upp angående anpassning av Analytics for Management mot verksamheten och en utvärdering av dagens mätetal hos Saab. Som nämnt är rapporten baserad på anpassning och tillämpning av Analytics for Management. Efter analys av metodiken och en genomförd litteraturstudie infördes bl.a. en fjärde fas samt förändringar kring datainsamling. Den fjärde fasen behandlar främst aggregering gentemot ledning och nyttjar resultatet ur fas ett till tre för att lyfta fram KPI:er som passar bra på många olika nivåer i organisationen. Den första av faserna behandlar företagets vision och strategi för att kunna koppla den mot mål på taktisk nivå. I fallet på Saab handlar det om att koppla företagsstrategi mot mål på verkstadsnivå. Sedan genereras KPI:er i fas två, där dessa också valideras mot intressenter och ansvariga i produktionen. Den tredje fasen konkretiserar mätningar och visualisering för de valda KPI:erna. Här får man alltså ut färdiga KPI:er för taktiska nivån. Fjärde fasen aggregerar samman genererade KPI:er för ledningen, på så sätt får man en överblicksbild över en större del av organisationen. Resultatet från examensarbetet består av två delar: dels metoden för framtagning av lämpliga KPI:er, men också de KPI:erna som arbetsgången lett fram till. Gällande KPI:erna som utvecklats under examensarbetet, så finns det stora likheter med de KPI:er som redan används på Saab. Skillnaden ligger i spårbarheten samt hur underliggande data hanteras. Genom metodiken och med de framtagna KPI:erna finns därför värde som kan nyttjas på flera verksamheter i organisationen. Vad författarna dock vill lyfta fram är att det kanske största värdet ligger i upptäckten kring brister i underliggande data, som idag många av mätetalen bygger på.
3

Klinkertillverkning inom cementindustrin : Bränsleaskans inverkan på klinkerns kvalitet / Clinker manufacturing in the cement industry : The impact of the fuel ash on the clinker quality

Thulin, Luna January 2021 (has links)
Under detta arbete har klinkertillverkningen hos en cementfabrik studerats. Arbetet behandlar möjligheter till förbättring, duglighet och måluppfyllelse för medelvärde och variation. En minskad variation bidrar till en jämnare kvalitet vilket i sin tur har en positiv påverkar på cementmalning, energi och kvalitet. De främsta orsakerna till variationen i klinkerns kvalitet är kvaliteten på råmjöl och aska från bränslen. Arbetet stöds av teorier som handlar om offensiv kvalitetsutveckling, förändring, ledarskap och kommunikation. Vid datainsamling och dataanalys har både kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder tillämpats. Den insamlade materialet har hämtats från cementfabrikens egna databaser. Det slutsatser som kan dras utifrån denna studie är att klinkertillverkningsprocessen inte är statistisk jämvikt och innefattar stora mängder data som avviker från fabrikens målvärden. Askans effekt på klinkerns kalkmättnad beräknades till ca 17% av den totala variationen. Olika syn på kvalitetsbegreppet kan anses bidra till oönskad variation. / During this work, the clinker production at a cement factory has been studied. The work deals with opportunities for improvement, ability, and goal fulfillment for mean value and variation for the lime saturation factor in the clinker. A reduced variation offers a more even quality, which can have a positive impact on cement grinding, energy consumption, and quality. The main reasons for variations in the quality of the clinker are the quality of raw meal and ash from fuels. The work is supported by theories that deal with quality management, change, leadership, and communication. In data collection and data analysis, both qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. The collected material has been retrieved from the cement factory's own databases. The conclusions that can be drawn from this study are that the clinker manufacturing process is not stable and low process capability. The effect of the ash on the lime saturation of the clinker was calculated to be about 17% of the total variance. Different views on the concept of quality can also contribute to unwanted variation.
4

Kvalitet och processprestanda inom cementindustrins råmjölstillverkning / Quality and process performance in the cement industy's raw meal production

Ahlqvist, Marcus, Hamad, Gulnaz January 2019 (has links)
Under detta arbete studeras en av Europas mest moderna cementfabriker med kapacitet att producera runt 2,6 miljoner ton cement per år. Syftet med examensarbetet är att beskriva variationen i utfallen av råmjöl och identifiera vilka orsaker till variation som är möjliga att minska. Oavsiktliga variationer av kvalitet i råmjölet kan resultera i bristande klinkerkvalitet, som i sin tur kan medföra en betydande intäktsförlust. Arbetet utgår från teorier om offensiv kvalitetsutveckling, Six sigma, processledning och cementproduktion. En metodkombination av kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder har tillämpats för datainsamling och dataanalys, där den kvantitativa datainsamlingen baserats på historiska data från referensorganisationen. De slutsatser som redogörs för, är att processen som studeras har möjlighet till att prestera i världsklass. Huvudsakliga bidragande orsaken är metoden för styrning där systemet saknar styrgränser som leder till överstyrning. Även materialvariation vid byten av råmaterialslimpor är en betydande orsak till variansen i råmjölet. Förutsatt att styrsystemet kopplas på för tidigt efter ett genomfört limpbyte kan effekten av ett limpbyte förvärras. Vidare tyder resultaten på att 80% av den totala variationen i råmjölets kalkmättnad skapas av limpbyten. / During this work, one of Europe's most modern cement factories is studied, with the capacity to produce around 2.6 million tons of cement per year. The purpose of the thesis is to describe the variation in the outcome of raw meal and identify which causes of variation are possible to reduce. Involuntary variations in the quality of the input raw meal can result in a lack of clinker quality, which in turn can result in a significant loss of revenue. The work is based on theories relating to Total Quality Management, process management and cement production. A method combination of quantitative and qualitative methods has been applied for data collection and data analysis, where the quantitative data collection is based on historical data gathered from the reference organization. The conclusions outlined are that the process being studied has the opportunity to perform world-class. The main contributing factor is the method for control where the system lacks control limits that lead to over compensation. Also, material variation in the case of changes of raw material piles is a significant cause of the variance in the raw meal. Provided that the control system is switched on prematurely after a raw material pile change has been carried out, the effect of the change can be worsened. Furthermore, the results indicate that 80% of the total variation in the raw meal’s lime saturation is created by raw material pile changes.

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