Nowadays, for many enterprises, the advantages coming from the savings of e-procurement systems, which contribute to the increasing of gross profit, benefit more than those coming from the earnings. After depressed economic environment in recent years, the e-procurement system seems to show its unique importance. Even with the economic climate getting better , the urgency to build a sustainable e-procurement system is still very important in establishing the long term competitive advantage of the companies. In this thesis , an e-procurement strategic alignment model is proposed to build relevant theories through the case study approach . The e-procurement model in the thesis is composed of four major perspectives , including factors such as product , process , supplier¡¦s attraction and supplier relationship. Besides, related issues in each factor are also addressed. In the so-called meagre profit era , every enterprise should think of e-procurement as a major strategic tool . That is to say , by means of a series of strategic operation in e-procurement and Web / Internet solution , it can reduce transaction cost and streamline procurement process to maximize the synergy in a company . If the procurement is service , sometimes it is referred to outsourcing . In thesis , e-collaboration plays an important role in strategic products in the supply chain which includes the buyer, Intel , and two suppliers ,OSE and ASE . Futhermore , an e-sourcing system which was usually adopted and executed before e-procurement system was discussed in thesis. Here there are four hypotheses resulted from case analysis in this study shown below: Hypothesis 1.¡RIf the procurement or outsourcing service are regarded as one part of the core competence of the enterprise , the company seldom tend to procure products outside or outsource this kind of service. Hypothesis 2.¡RThe higher the extent to the structuralization of the procurement processes, the easier the processes set up automatically. Hypothesis 3.¡RThe easier the factors in supply attraction are quantified , the higher the possibility of those factors are electonicalized since quantitative analysis can lead to standardization and structuralization of associated factors . Keywords¡Re-procurement , procurement strategy , outsourcing , e-collaboration

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration in Project Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019 / Communication forms an integral part of military management functions in safegaurding the territory and borders of the country through successful project execution. This explains cruciality and indispensability of communication in the military for effective management. Communication is not effective until intended recipient uderstand the message and be in a position to action required feedback, Akinnubi (2010:105). The research problem stems from structural impediments of communication that hampers procurement project execution. This study seeks to investigate the structural impediments of communication, bureaucratic systems and procurement as a strategy. The research exploited qualitative methodology, standards of social research techniques for sampling and methods of collecting data, through the administration of a questionnaire, direct observation, transcribing of qualitative data and document analysis. Project communication is measured by the extent in which results meets requirement and expectations of the clients. The researchers emphasizes that critical project information should be disseminated to project team members, timely for effective responds that propel project success. The target population for this research is 60 South African Navy Simon’s Town Procurement Service Centre (SPSC) employees, whom are entrusted with procurement responsibilities for the organization. The employees are the organizational representatives to different stake holders through communication mediums and channels. Communication over the years has become the centre diversification organizational study due to successful contribution for achieving organizational goals, when is correctly implemented and managed. The importance of communication enables organizational activity to be unified and serves as pillar upon inputs are fed to the systems to influence better decision making.

Background: The market for eProcurement is expected to increase from from US$ 3,6 miljarder to US$ 1.375 billions under the period 1999-2003. Nevertheless, there is still a widespread unsecurity among companies surrounding eProcurement, partly due to that procurement for a long time has played a remote role in the companies, and partly since procurement is a far from a homogeneous function. Purpose: To examine how eProcurement is defined, what advantages eProcurement implies and how it affects the procurement strategies and the procurement processes of companies. Research method: The empiric work comes from interviews with persons in connection with procurement at four companies that today are using an eProcurement-system or are about to introduce one, and at two companies that delivers applications. Result: From the persons we have interviewed we conclude that there is a rather strong unanimity as how eProcurement is being defined, and which advantages it can imply. Furthermore, eProcurement should not be seen as a solution of a company's eventuall procurement problems, but as a tool to strengthen and refine its procurement strategies and a possibility for rationalizing the procurement processes of the company. In other words, you shall not just pave old paths.

Industrial computer is a niche industry. In the past, because of the certain level entry barrier, it is not a hot industry to be discussed. Now, Taiwan has more than a decade in technology products manufacturing experience, which contributes the industrial computer industry cluster. It is predictable that in 5-10 years, the industry is profitable for the reason that the application of the products and technology is more popular in daily life. Furthermore, the computer technology industry has changed to be R&D and technology innovation oriented from purely manufacturing and OEM, ODM. It comes with the result that there are more and more Taiwan International Procurement Office set up to be the communication contact between customers and manufacturers. However, recently for the effect of the phenomenon of Taiwanese manufacturer moving the factory to low labor cost countries, the advantage is not longer staying. Taiwan industrial computer manufacturers also get a lot of OEM/ODM orders. Many international system companies set up an procurement office in Taiwan for better communication. But the case company is not like the previous. It is a German added value distributor, who imports Taiwan industry computer parts and bare bone to sell locally. The reason for her to set up an international procurement office is to speed up the incoming material. The case company type, business model and procurement office values are different from the normal procurement office. This is why the study would like to understand case company¡¦s and her procurement office international purchasing strategy and competitive advantage, and observe how the company keeps the competitive advantage not t be threaten by manufacturer moving out. From the company background, the study find out industrial computer and Taiwan Procurement Office environment and opportunities, then it moves on analyzing company internationalization and procurement office setting up motivation. After knowing the reasons, the study concludes the international purchasing strategy. Finally, by having diamond model and SWOT analysis, then there is the competitive advantage. The result of the study is that the case company uses National Procurement, Proactive Strategy or Offensive Sourcing Strategy as her International Procurement strategy. The strategy is high involvement on internationalization and it helps to build up or strengthens the competitive advantage. Besides, mother company support is required because International Procurement Strategy has positive and direct connection with operation strategy. The reason for the case company to set up a Taiwan procurement office is in order to strengthen her differentiation strategy. Because Taiwan has better labor condition, near to suppliers and efficient logistic from industrial computer cluster, all make the obvious cost advantages. The suggestions for the case company are listed below: to be a know-how turntable supply chain or to go differentiation by having multi-function value added service to keep the advantage.

<p>Background: The market for eProcurement is expected to increase from from US$ 3,6 miljarder to US$ 1.375 billions under the period 1999-2003. Nevertheless, there is still a widespread unsecurity among companies surrounding eProcurement, partly due to that procurement for a long time has played a remote role in the companies, and partly since procurement is a far from a homogeneous function. </p><p>Purpose: To examine how eProcurement is defined, what advantages eProcurement implies and how it affects the procurement strategies and the procurement processes of companies. </p><p>Research method: The empiric work comes from interviews with persons in connection with procurement at four companies that today are using an eProcurement-system or are about to introduce one, and at two companies that delivers applications. </p><p>Result: From the persons we have interviewed we conclude that there is a rather strong unanimity as how eProcurement is being defined, and which advantages it can imply. Furthermore, eProcurement should not be seen as a solution of a company's eventuall procurement problems, but as a tool to strengthen and refine its procurement strategies and a possibility for rationalizing the procurement processes of the company. In other words, you shall not just pave old paths.</p>

In this essay a quantitative empirical study with additional qualitative studies are performed. The purpose of this essay is to study how public procurement is used as a political instrument through the national procurement strategy. Swedish procurement legislation is based on EU directives since January 1, 1994 when the 1992 Act: 1,528 entered into force. The purpose of the provisions was to ensure legal certainty in the purchasing and commercial practices of public authorities. Public authorities spend about 17% of EU gross domestic product on public procurement. The value of purchases covered by procurement laws is estimated at approximately SEK 625 billion, which corresponds to 25% of GDP excluding VAT. This represents just over one-sixth of gross domestic product. Swedish procurement law is based on EU law and lies between administrative and civil law and is often described as commercial administrative law, as public procurement concerns how the public sector will act in commercial transactions. Public procurement has in recent years been the subject of political focus and a way to achieve political goals. The conclusions of this essay are that it is mainly time and human resources that causes a deficient implementation of the national procurement strategy. According to the top-down perspective, there are a number of possible obstacles to the implementation of a policy, lack of time and resources in the state authorities may have contributed to the national procurement strategy not being implemented to the extent that the government probably hoped. The national procurement strategy has had a direct effect on 5 authorities regarding social sustainability. The authorities that have given social sustainability their own heading in the governing documents can, from the top-down perspective, be considered to have had sufficient time to implement the concepts.

This study investigates strategies for improving the operational resilience, i.e. an organisation’s capacity to minimise, manage, and recover from disruptions quickly, ensuring continuity in its primary business processes. The focus has been a national infrastructure company, specifically in energy production, and the large supply chain disruptions it has experienced in the wake of COVID-19 and the Ukraine war. The study primarily compares the investigated strategies with literature and theoretical frameworks from a procurement research perspective. The study is an embedded multiple case study investigating three cases with delayed renewal projects. The identified disruptions and their effect on the projects’ performance have been studied, as well as more direct reasons for delays in the cases, such as organisational issues and procurement processes. A framework for categorising disruptions has been developed and three different portfolio purchasing models were investigated in order to be applied to the findings of the study. Key findings reveal that disruptions have affected the case company’s operations significantly, with more projects being delayed and fewer available suppliers in the wake of these disruptive events. Inefficient decision making processes have also been identified as sources of delays, as well as lack of communication within the organisation. The study concludes in practical recommendations for the case company, which can be applicable for similar companies as well. A significant recommendation was that the case company should form strategic partnerships with suppliers of generators, transformers and control systems in order to ensure ample future availability of key components. Other recommendations include working towards more efficient decision making processes when deviating from the group instructions surrounding competitive tendering as well as improving the communication of procurement strategies within the organisation / Denna studie undersöker strategier för att förbättra den operativa motståndskraften, d.v.s. en organisations förmåga att minimera, hantera och återhämta sig snabbt från störningar, för att säkerställa kontinuitet i sina primära affärsprocesser. Fokus har varit på ett nationellt infrastrukturföretag, specifikt inom energiproduktion, och de stora störningar i leveranskedjorna som de har upplevt i kölvattnet av COVID-19 och kriget i Ukraina. De undersökta strategierna kommer att jämföras med litteratur och teoretiska ramverk främst från ett inköpsperspektiv. Studien är en multipel fallstudie inom en organisation som undersöker tre fall med försenade förnyelseprojekt. De identifierade störningarna och deras effekt på projektens prestanda har studerats, liksom mer direkta orsaker till förseningarna i projekten, såsom organisatoriska problem och inköpsprocesser. Ett ramverk för kategorisering av störningar har utvecklats och tre olika portföljinköpsmodeller undersöktes för att kunna tillämpas på studiens resultat. Studien visar att störningarna har påverkat företagets verksamhet avsevärt, med fler försenade projekt och färre tillgängliga leverantörer som följd av av dessa störande händelser. Ineffektiva beslutsprocesser har också identifierats som källor till förseningar, liksom brist på kommunikation inom organisationen. Studien avslutas med praktiska rekommendationer till företaget, som även kan vara tillämpliga för liknande företag. En betydande rekommendation var att företaget bör bilda strategiska partnerskap med leverantörer av generatorer, transformatorer och kontrollanläggningar för att säkerställa framtida tillgång till kritiska komponenter. Andra rekommendationer inkluderar att arbeta mot mer effektiva beslutsprocesser vid avvikelser från koncerninstruktioner om konkurrensutsättning samt förbättra kommunikationen av inköpsstrategier inom organisationen.

Syftet med studien är att genom en kvalitativ forskningsmetod analysera hur mindre varumärken arbetar med - och i framtiden kan och ämnar arbeta med hållbarhetsstrategier i förhållande till expansion. Denna uppsats analyserar både företag och företags hållbarhetsrapporter samtidigt som den ger forskares syn på ämnet. För studien har en abduktiv forskningsansats använts. Forskningsmetoden är kvalitativ och djupintervjuer har gjorts med 6 olika informanter. För intervjuerna har en semistrukturerad intervjumall använts. Intervjuernas resultat har tytt på att kunskapsnivån om hållbarhetsstrategier hos företag är relativt låg men att intresset för en högre kunskapsnivå finns. Huruvida ett mindre modeföretag arbetar med hållbarhet verkar bero på storlek på företaget. Hur väl en hållbarhetsstrategi kan passa på ett företag verkar också bero på storlek på företaget. / The purpose of the study is to analyze, through a qualitative research method, how smaller brands work with - and in the future can and aims to work on sustainability strategies in relation to expansion. This paper analyzes both companies and manufactures sustainability reports while providing researchers views on the topic. For the study an abductive research approach has been used. The research method is qualitative and in-depth interviews have been conducted with 6 different informants. For the interviews a semi structured interview has been used. Interview results have shown that the level of knowledge about sustainability strategies at companies is relatively low, but that interest in a higher level of knowledge exists. Whether a small fashion company works with sustainability seems to depend on the size of the company. How well a sustainability strategy can suit a business also seems to depend on the size of the company.

Public procurement amounts to approximately 12% of the gross domestic product of industrialized countries. The greatest part of it is controlled by municipalities. Consequently, their procurement decisions have an enormous potential to initiate and support sustainable development. But measures that have been taken so far did not have a substantial impact on production processes and products yet. This was the starting point for heading toward one of the objectives of the European research project RELIEF (Environmental Relief Potential of Urban Action on Avoidance and Detoxification of Waste Streams through Green Public Procurement): to identify existing hurdles for green public procurement and to develop strategies for overcoming those hurdles. For this a decision-oriented view on public procurement was chosen, possible hurdles, revealed in practice, were identified with the help of a therefore developed questionnaire and their relevance for the cities participating in the RELIEF project was examined. Thus the concept of the hurdles analysis was developed. Subsequently the method was improved by expanding the questioning on other European municipalities than those taking part in the RELIEF project as well as using it within the German research project NaBesI where a case study was accomplished. Based on the experiences and outcomes of these first hurdles analyses a self-evaluation tool was developed. It shall enable municipalities to assess their hurdles for green procurement and deduce strategies on their own.

La découverte du site Nepress (BiEr-21) en 2004 et les saisons de fouilles subséquentes ont permis de découvrir de nombreux vestiges archéologiques. Ce mémoire a donc pour objectif de déterminer l’identité culturelle des occupants qui ont fréquenté le site, en prenant en considération les activités rituelles et la stratégie d’approvisionnement en matière lithique. Pour y parvenir, une analyse morpho-métrique de l’assemblage lithique a été effectuée. La distribution intra-site des artéfacts a également été prise en considération lors de l’analyse. Une séquence chronologique du Nord-Est américain remontant au Sylvicole inférieur est présentée dans ce mémoire. Une période d’occupation semble dominer sur le site Nepress, soit le Sylvicole inférieur. Cette manifestation est caractérisée par la présence d’artéfacts diagnostiques de la culture Meadowood. Ces objets sont un grattoir triangulaire bifacial Meadowood, ainsi qu’une imitation de pointe de type box-base. / The discovery of the Nepress site (BiEr-21) in 2004 and the subsequent excavations have revealed many archaeological remains. This thesis has seeks to determine the cultural identity of the site’s occupants, taking into account their ritual activities and their lithic procurement strategy. To achieve this, a morpho-metric analysis of the lithic assemblage was undertaken. The intra-site artifact distribution was also taken into account. A chronological sequence for Northeastern North America going back to the Early Woodland is presented. The Early Woodland appears to dominate the occupation of the Nepress site. This is characterised by the presence of diagnostic artifacts of the Meadowood culture. These objects are a triangular bifacial Meadowood scraper, as well as an imitation of a projectile point.