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Cette thèse se propose d'analyser les rapports de qualification en milieux ouvriers, notamment au sein des usines gabonaises de transformation du bois. Elle tente de saisir la dynamique des qualifications au regard des processus qui conduisent à leur production et des dispositifs qui sous-tendent leur reconnaissance. Elle interroge les discours et les pratiques autour des régimes de production et de reconnaissance des qualités productives en articulation avec les trajectoires professionnelles. En privilégiant une approche sociétale tenant compte de l'histoire structurelle de l'industrie nationale du bois, l'analyse des processus de production des qualifications ouvrières interroge la place du système scolaire et/ou universitaire, des entreprises et des organisations professionnelles. Les tentatives de professionnalisation des activités industrielles du bois au Gabon depuis les années 50 n'ont pas abouti à la formation de catégories professionnelles qualifiées au sens académique du terme par le diplôme ou tout autre titre. La permanence de ces décalages entre les formations scolaires existantes et les emplois en présence est associée à une longue pratique de production, de reproduction ou de transfert des savoir-faire techniques par l'expérience du travail. Les ouvriers développent ainsi des savoir-faire et des compétences plus ou moins professionnels au gré des trajectoires allant des parcours scolaires généraux ou techniques-professionnels aux expériences d'emplois variées. Les qualités productives construites par la force du travail apparaissent donc comme un caractère dominant des rapports de qualification dans ce secteur industriel. Se pose de fait le problème de leur codification et de leur reconnaissance socioprofessionnelle. De quels dispositifs, de quels espaces et de quelles marges disposent les acteurs alors que les accords, les conventions de travail, bien que « négociés », se révèlent inopérants ? L'intérêt de cette thèse réside moins dans la proposition d'une définition singulière de la notion de qualification que dans la compréhension de ce qui se joue au sein des rapports de qualification dans ces milieux ouvriers. L'étude cherche ainsi à saisir les rapports de qualification sous le prisme des formes et des enjeux de la production, de la reconnaissance, du déni ou du contrôle des rapports salariaux au regard de la structure des trajectoires professionnelles. Elle s'appuie sur la sociologie du travail et emprunte aussi bien à l'histoire, à l'anthropologie, à l'économie qu'au droit du travail. / This thesis offers an analysis of the relations of the qualification in workers' environment, more particularly in the Gabonese wood transformation factories. This work attempts to understand the dynamics of the qualifications through the processes leading to their production and the system that underpins their recognition. It will examine the discourses and practices concerning the regimes of production and recognition of productive qualities in articulation with occupational trajectories. This issue will be focused on a societal approach in consideration with the structural history of the national timber industry. The analysis of the production process of workers' qualification will question the role of the educational system (respectively school and university), the firms and occupational organisations. Since the 1950's, the professionalization of the activities in the wood industry in Gabon has failed to create qualified occupational categories in the academic sense of the word, either through the diploma or any other certification. The continuous gap between existing educational trainings and the jobs offered is associated with a long experience of production, reproduction or transfer of technical know-how acquired by the on-the-job experience. The workers thus develop more or less occupational know-how and competences according to the trajectories, going from general or technical/vocational educational paths to various job experiences. The productive qualities built by the force of the work thus appear as a prevailing reference of the qualification relations in the history of the Gabonese timber industry. As a consequence we may wonder about their codification and their socio-occupational recognition. Which system, which spaces and which margins do the actors of the sector have whereas collective labour agreements, albeit "bargained", turn out to be ineffective? The interest of this study is less centred on a single definition of the notion of qualification than on the understanding of what is going on in the qualification system inside the workers' environment. With this objective in mind, this study will try to shed light on the qualification system under the prism of the forms and stakes of the production, recognition, rejection or control of the wage-earner relationships in the factories with regard to the structure of the occupational trajectories. This work is based on the labour sociology but also history, anthropology, economy and labour law.

Using data collected in the Icelandic community of Manitoba in the summer of 1985, this thesis outlines an alternative approach to the understanding of ethnicity in North America through analysis of the Icelandic Festival held each summer in Gimli, Manitoba. The Festival provides an entree through which the dynamics of the production, reproduction and transformation of West Icelandic identity are revealed. It is argued that when ethnic identity is conceived as being resident in the possession of particular attributes or characteristics, change becomes a threat to the continued existence of the ethnic group. As defined in this thesis, ethnic identity is an ideological representation of social relations which is contextualized in a particular historic formation. It involves a constant negotiation of the symbolic representation of identity through social interaction, and is contingent upon the consequences of these actions. Change, therefore, is a normal process of ethnicity which does not necessarily end in assimilation. Though the content of identity changes according to changing circumstances, it must retain the appearance of an "authentic" representation of the past. The Festival is a location of the political negotiation of Icelandic identity, as seen in the debates which exist in the community regarding the relevance of its Icelandic cultural content. It is argued that, while the Festival continues to address a public image of how the organizers believe the community should be perceived by the larger society, it is also a time when a private celebration takes place. This latter aspect of the Festival is where the perpetuation of the meaningfulness of Icelandic identity occurs. It is contained within the family reunions which take place during the Festival and the return to a sense of the past which is linked to a shared West Icelandic history. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

The aim of this theis is to evaluate reproducing and production qualities of sheep (suffolk race)in selected breding. Reproducing indicators were followed on the basis of calculated average values in sterility, death after delivery, pregnancy and fertility in percents. From the production indicators, average weight and fat width of rams and female lambs were followwed within the period of 100 days. The results were transformed into tables and diagrams. In this thesis ascertained information was also cetified by scattering analasis of F test on significance surface.

This study examines critically how women in poverty use their labor in the production and reproduction processes against poverty and the effects of these processes on women becoming poor referring to women&amp / #8217 / s knowledge. The material foundation of women&amp / #8217 / s poverty is conceptualized as a two-way devaluation of women&amp / #8217 / s labor used in social reproduction. Patriarchal, cultural and ideological structures and relationships are studied as other determinants of women&amp / #8217 / s poverty. In this framework, women&amp / #8217 / s poverty studied based on a field research conducted on 120 women in EskiSehir province, consisting of regular and irregular workers, housewives, married and single mothers. Household is the basic unit of analysis of women&amp / #8217 / s poverty. The scope that women&amp / #8217 / s poverty experiences are questioned are the following: women&amp / #8217 / s labor in production process, women&amp / #8217 / s domestic labor, women participating in social life, violence against women, their perception of poverty and their place in power relations.

Arbeit umfasst all jene Tätigkeiten, die zum gesellschaftlichen Fortbestand beitragen. Dazu gehört die produktive Arbeit, die gesellschaftlich relevante Güter und Dienstleistungen herstellt ebenso wie die reproduktive Arbeit, die sogenannte Care-Arbeit, die auf den Erhalt des menschlichen Lebens und der Arbeitskraft ausgerichtet ist. In der feministisch orientierten Erforschung von Arbeit wird die Relation zwischen den (Re-)Produktionsverhältnissen und den Geschlechterverhältnissen analysiert.

In der Familiensoziologie wird davon ausgegangen, dass sich Vaterschaft dann konstituiert, wenn Männer dauerhaft und generationsübergreifend Sorgearbeit für Kinder leisten. Begrifflich kann unterschieden werden zwischen den Einstellungen zur Institution Vaterschaft (fatherhood) und der sozialen Praxis von Vätern im Familienalltag (fathering). Beide Dimensionen von Vaterschaft unterliegen einem gesellschaftlichen Wandel, der sich im Kontext von Veränderungen der Geschlechterverhältnisse vollzieht.