Los modelos de planeamiento y control de la producción han sido implementados con gran éxito en muchas empresas a nivel mundial, tanto en el ámbito manufacturero como el de los servicios. Actualmente, expertos e investigadores en el tema han encontrado manifestaciones que demuestran carencias en el desarrollo e implementación de este tipo de enfoques en grandes medianas empresas. Por esta razón, el presente artículo propone una metodología de mejora continua (PHVA) que incluye los modelos de planeamiento y control de producción con la finalidad de permitir un desarrollo sostenible y exitoso en el tiempo. La metodología está compuesta por 4 fases que son: a) planificar: en donde se proyecta todo lo que sucede y lo que se tiene que resolver, b) hacer: donde se ejecuta el plan de acción mediante herramientas ingenieriles, c) verificación: donde se valida si es factible el proyecto y, por último, d) actuar: donde se utilizan mecanismos de control. La metodología fue validada en una empresa dedicada a la fabricación de hornos industriales en el Perú, donde la ejecución generó la eliminación de ventas rechazadas por entrega fuera de tiempo en su primer trimestre después de aplicarlo y redujo también los problemas con calidad de insumo en 15% y planificación de compras en 9%. / The production planning and control models have been implemented with great success in many companies worldwide, both in manufacturing and services. Currently, experts and researchers in the field have found demonstrations that show shortcomings in the development and implementation of this type of approaches in large medium-sized enterprises. For this reason, this article proposes a methodology for continuous improvement (PDCA) which includes the models of production planning and control in order to allow for a successful and sustainable development at the time. The methodology is composed of 4 phases that are: a) planning: where everything that happens and what has to be resolved is projected, b) do: where the action plan is executed through engineering tools, c) verification: where it is validated if the project is feasible and finally, d) act: where control mechanisms are used. The methodology was validated in a company dedicated to the manufacture of industrial furnaces in Peru, where the execution generated the elimination of sales rejected by delivery out of time in its first quarter after applying it and reduced the problems with input quality in 15 % and purchase planning at 9%. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate and understand which significantparameters affect OTD within an ATO company, and furthermore develop a model which wouldenhance proactive work in order to achieve a higher OTD.Design/methodology/approach - The data is primarily of qualitative nature, employing semistructuredinterviews and workshop, with backup from quantitative production data. Anabductive approach was applied by iterating and aligning findings with relevant literature andtheory. These mixed methodologies created a triangulation of data, which through our analysishelp with the validation of our conclusions.Findings - Through our findings we can conclude that significant parameters which lowers OTDfor an ATO company can be found all through the supply chain. For this thesis and its model,parameters were chosen based on their ability to be quantified. For ABB GA Products, we found36 significant parameters as well as a systematic approach for an ATO company to iteratively gothrough them to investigate which orders are affected by which flags. Through this approach anATO company should be able to work more proactively towards higher OTD.Research limitations/implications - This thesis is conducted through a case study at ABB GAProducts only, which should be considered when using the results for further research.Practical implications - Specifies a logical scheme to classify risk of delayed orders.Originality/value - Advances theory in production and operations management regardingperformance measurement, towards a more proactive approach of measuring reactive KPI’s

The nuclear fuel cycle is modelled as a cyclic, multi-stage production-to-inventory system. The objective is to meet a known deterministic demand for energy while minimizing acquisition, production, and inventory holding costs for all stages of the fuel cycle. The model allows for cyclic flow (feedback) of materials, material flow conversion factors at each stage, production lag times at each stage, and for escalating costs of uranium ore. It does not allow shortages to occur in inventories. The model is optimized by the application of the calculus of variations and specifically through recently developed theorems on the solution of functionals constrained by inequalities. The solution is a set of optimal cumulative production trajectories which define the stagewise production rates. Analysis of these production rates reveals the optimal nuclear fuel cycle costs and that inventories (stockpiles) occur in uranium fields, enriched uranium hexafluoride, and fabricated fuel assemblies. An analysis of the sensitivity of the model to variation in three important parameters is performed. / Ph. D.

The development of Supply Chain Management has occurred gradually over the latter half of the last century, and in this century will continue to evolve in response to the continual changes in the business environment. As organizations exhaust opportunities for internal breakthrough improvements, they will increasingly turn toward the supply chain for an additional source of untapped improvements. Manufacturers in particular can benefit from this increased focus on the chain, but the gains realized will vary by the type of supply chain. By applying basic production control principles to the chain, and effectively using tools already common at the production line level, organizations address important supply chain considerations. Both the Theory of Constraints and the factory physics principles behind the Constant WIP concepts focus on the system constraint with the aim of controlling inventory. Each can be extrapolated to focus on a system whose boundaries span the entire supply chain.

The economic incentive to restrict supply in the cobalt market is analyzed. The economic framework for supply restriction and associated conditions for revenue maximization and profitability in a dominant firm price leadership market is presented. The major focus of the economic framework presented is the magnitude of net demand elasticity faced by a producer considering supply restriction. Elasticities of market demand and competitive supply and the market share of the producer considering supply restriction are derived as the components of net demand elasticity. The potential for total revenue and profit maximization by dominant firm supply restriction in the cobalt market is estimated for a range of net demand elasticities. Cobalt market demand price elasticity is derived from cobalt market demand estimates. Preceding the market demand and price elasticity estimatation is a review of factor demand and an analysis of cobalt market demand. Market share of the dominant producer in the cobalt market is estimated from historical data. A range of competitive supply elasticities that would result in increasing the dominant producer's total revenue and profit is derived. / Master of Arts

The topic of unit commitment has been and continues to be of interest to many researchers and is a primary operation for most utilities. Past research has utilized integer programming, dynamic programming, linear programming, gradient, and heuristic techniques. This research combines both linear programming and dynamic programming for unit commitment decisions within a weekly time frame. The result provides most of the advantages of linear programming and dynamic programming with less stringent requirements on the pre solution information needed for unit transition sequences. Further, the research yields a new tool for the solution of the Transaction Evaluation problem. / Ph. D. / incomplete_metadata

Presently there is a trend in manufacturing system design from stand-alone, automatic operations to Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM). The success of the integration depends largely on the performance of system control software. This document presents research in the design and implementation of a shop control system, for a CIM facility, using a new method called the three-layer integrated approach. Two basic techniques used in this research are expert systems and object-oriented programming. The CIM system at VPI is an automated manufacturing and assembly system. In designing the control system for this CIM facility, the design of products, production facilities, and overall system must be taken into account. In order to manage this complex system, a control system called the “shop controller” has been developed using C++, an object-oriented programming language. In addition, three real-time simulators for the cell controllers have been developed for testing and debugging the production rules of the expert system. The basic approach taken for the shop control system has several advantages: applied intelligence, program efficiency, reusability of code, and ease of maintenance. Moreover, this approach has a new feature—modularity, which is the result of combining expert systems and object-oriented programming. / Master of Science

A hybrid methodology was developed to fairly compare functional and cellular production environments with respect to the production of machined parts which constitute the indivisible components of some final products. The methodology provides a means of designing each production environment at the lowest possible cost and then comparing the two environments with respect to cost and non-cost performance measures. The results show that the long-held belief that the cellular manufacturing or group technology method of production may be superior to that of the traditional functional or job shop layout may not be correct. A detailed comparison using four problem sets with different job and machine mixes failed to indicate a clear case in which the cellular environment performed better than the functional. The methodology consists of two stages. Stage one has six hierarchical steps which systematically determine machine requirements and layout planning of each environment through mathematical modelling. External and internal operation constraints and inputs such as stochastic daily demand and operation times were considered. Stochastic programming was used in handling uncertain daily demand and operation times by specifying a desired minimum probability of meeting the demand for each job type in both environments. The MPSIII package was used in solving large mixed integer problems that resulted once nonlinear terms, due to the chance-constrained nature of the segments of the models, were linearized. Because of the large problem sizes, MPSIII input files had to be created using FORTRAN codes. In stage two, the SIMAN simulation language was used to determine the feasibility of stage one decisions and to obtain other system information. In simulation, some approximations were made to implement stage one decisions. For example, jobs received an average processing time in each operation class area rather than the exact operation time of the specific machine type to which the jobs were assigned in stage one. The effect of material handling distances and the use of limited number of work-in-process carriers were considered. Although the methodology was mainly developed for the comparison of the two production environments, it is readily usable for individual design of either production environment. In addition to the two main stages of development, this research also required the development of two other procedures: unitizing daily demands and the modifying the previously available job/cell grouping methods. / Ph. D.

No description available.

After 30 years' market reforms and exported-oriented industrialization, China has created an economic miracle by playing the role of a world factory. With a case study of a high-tech electronics manufacturing firm (anonymously referred as HiTek) in Suzhou, this dissertation explores the labor process and labor relations in advanced manufacturing under the global production system and in the context of China's industrial upgrading. / In my empirical analysis, I firstly trace how global production network changes the production process and unravel the mutual influences between the labor market with local clustering and the employers' recruitment strategies. I take them as the key background factors in the shaping of the politics of flexible production. Then, I use the case study of HiTek and analyze how it implements the customized mass production with high performance and high flexibility on the shop floor in the face of volatile product markets and labor market. I point out that in order to secure the subordination and better cooperation from its workers, HiTeck gives up the direct coercive despotic factory regime and executes the flexible despotism combining with enforcing strict disciplinary management, responding to workers' interests and rights, and even establishing the internal communication mechanisms. However, I indicate that although workers obtain more legal rights, they fail to effectively improve their labor conditions under the new labor control. In the meantime, the social status of migrant workers restricts their claims for social benefits and enhances their mobility. As a result, workers have to voice and seek to make use labor market opportunities for improving their conditions. Finally, I stress that the consequence of the interaction between the global flexible production and the workers' resistance against labor control leads to the uncertain employment relationship characterized by the high turnover of workers. I also emphasize that it is Chinese workers who finally pay high costs for such a relationship: they not only fail to enhance bargaining powers with their employers, but also suffer from an insecure and uncertain environment. / The dissertation develops an analytical framework of the politics of flexible production in the age of the globalizing production. My theoretical discussion begins with the theory of production politics developed by Michael Burawoy. I emphasize that labor process should be examined not only within the workplace, but also in relation to external societal factors. I argue that the pursuit of flexibility of global production changes the structuring of labor process: the external markets are not static conditions to manufacturers, but are now becoming dynamic factors shaping production arrangements and labor control. Hence, I indicate that flexible production has brought about a sophisticated triangular relationship between the buyers from developed countries, the transnational manufacturers in newly industrialized countries, and the workers in developing countries, particularly in China. This is quite different from the previous studies wherein the focus is placed on a simple dual relationship between manufactures and workers within a single country. / 薛紅. / Adviser: Tai-Lok Lui. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-10, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-215). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Xue Hong.