The overall goal of the research was to deepen our understanding of the culture of college access work through the views of practitioners who design and staff college access programs. This study sought to explore the values, standards, philosophical foundations, career patterns, and networks that influence and guide the work of college access professionals. The study was based primarily upon interviews with twenty college and university professionals who work in the state of Arizona and an analysis of the professional associations in which they participate. The study was modeled after Becher's analysis of the culture of academic disciplines and interview questions fell in the following categories: 1) characteristics of the field, 2) epistemological issues, 3) career patterns, 4) reputations and rewards, 5) professional activity, and 6) value systems. Results indicate that college access professionals tend to describe their work in terms of programs and services to students, family engagement, and developing capacity in the schools. The use of research varies amongst practitioners. The change in the scope of college access work and the growth in the field have also led to the creation of new professional associations. Implications of the study include the need for practioners and professional associations to collaborate, and the need for practitioners to build their knowledge base of the research supporting their work.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Professional development (PD) is used as the primary means for ensuring the continued learning of teachers. PD opportunities and support vary in type and quality. Little is known about the participation in and support of PD for high school science teachers. The establishment of supportive professional cultures provides a means to support teachers' PD in addition to providing meaningful interactions between teachers to improve practices related to teaching, learning, and assessment. Even less is known about patterns of relationships between professional culture with high school science teachers and students. PD and professional culture have been reported to increase teacher retention and student achievement. The studies presented in this dissertation use mixed methods approaches to explore data collected by the Policy Research Initiative in Science Education Research Group during the 2007-2008 academic year. The first study assessed PD of high school science teachers from two perspectives: (1) teachers' participation in PD, and (2) schools' practices to support teachers' participation. Teachers' participation was determined using self-reported survey data. Schools' PD support was operationalized using data collected from administrative interviews. Descriptive statistics revealed little relationship between teachers' participation in PD, schools' PD support, and teacher retention. Descriptive statistics of schools' PD support indicated associations with student achievement. The second study operationalized school science professional culture with a rubric developed for the study. Elements within the rubric addressed many components mentioned in the literature as indicative of positive professional culture. School science professional culture had little relationship with either teacher retention or student achievement. Strong associations were found among the elements associated with school science professional culture. These results provide support for the inclusion of these elements in future studies of school science professional culture. The final chapter provides a summary of both studies. Recommendations are made for improving policies in place to support PD and professional cultures experienced by high school science teachers. Specific attention should be directed at the development of cohesive PD programs that address both schools' and teachers' needs. Additionally, more opportunities for in-depth communication regarding school practices for teaching, learning, and assessment need to be provided.

[pt] O presente estudo desenvolve-se em torno do conceito de profissionalidade docente, entendido como um conjunto de comportamentos, conhecimentos, destrezas, atitudes e valores que constituem a especificidade de ser professor. Neste sentido, entendo que estão inscritas na profissionalidade a identidade profissional e as especificidades da docência. Assim, interessada em compreender como os professores exercem sua profissionalidade na instituição escolar e se possuem algum tipo de autonomia sobre a organização do trabalho dentro da escola, a finalidade desta pesquisa foi compreender os modos como os professores vivem a profissão docente e como enfrentam os desafios do cotidiano no ambiente de uma unidade escolar pertencente a uma grande rede de escolas privadas. O referido estudo se insere na pesquisa O trabalho docente em escolas privadas para setores populares: um objeto esquecido que está seno realizado pelo GEPPE (Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre o Professor e o Ensino), coordenado pela professora Isabel Lelis, no Departamento de Educação da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio). Foi realizado através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 10 professoras dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental de uma unidade escolar filantrópica, localizada em uma favela do Rio de Janeiro, pertencente a uma rede de escolas privadas. A rede de escolas privadas em estudo é composta por 27 unidades escolares e possui algumas peculiaridades em sua organização, localização e gestão pedagógica que justificaram o interesse de estudo, como o material didático padronizado comprado de um sistema de ensino, projetos comprados de outro sistema de ensino, provas padronizadas para toda a rede e a utilização de manuais para instrumentalização do trabalho docente. Deste modo, buscando alcançar o objetivo delimitado, a análise dos dados obtidos sinaliza para o trabalho docente. Abordo, então, aspectos referentes ao uso do conhecimento específico docente, desafios do exercício profissional no cotidiano da escola, o exercício da autonomia docente, fatores de (des)motivação e (des)investimento dos professores na profissão e relação entre os pares profissionais, revelando os diferentes modos dos docentes desenvolverem e viverem a profissionalidade. Todo esse conjunto de fatores aponta para a construção de compromissos profissionais bastante divergentes no espaço escolar, que podem estar no cerne de um novo modelo (se não realizado, almejado por grandes sistemas de ensino) de profissionalização docente. O relato das professoras mostrou diferentes formas de lidar com a profissionalidade diante das adversidades e pressões da rede, características do modelo organizacional desse tipo de escola, refletindo negativamente no desenvolvimento e afirmação da profissionalidade docente. Com efeito, o estudo permite verificar que as circunstâncias do ambiente de trabalho trazem implicações para o desenvolvimento da profissionalidade docente, acarretando sentimentos variados nos professores que vão da desmotivação à tecnização do trabalho docente provocando, em geral, o isolamento dos professores e dificultando a construção de uma cultura profissional colaborativa. / [en] This study is developed around the concept of teachers professionality understood as a set of behaviors, knowledge, skills, attitudes and values that constitute the specificity of being a teacher. In this sense, are subscribed in the teachers professionality the construction of professional identity and specific knowledge of teaching. So, interested in understanding how the teachers practice their professionality in the school and if they have some kind of autonomy in work organization within the school, the purpose of this research was to understand the ways how teachers live the teaching profession and how they face the challenges of everyday into the environment of a school unit pertaining to a large network of private schools. The study is part of the research The teacher work in private schools for popular sectors: a forgotten object being conducted by GEPPE (Group of Studies and Research on Teacher and Teaching), coordinated by Professor Isabel Lelis in the Department of Education of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 10 teachers of the early years of elementary school in a philanthropic school unit, located in a slum in Rio de Janeiro, belonging to a large network of private schools. A network of private schools studied is composed of 27 school units and has some peculiarities in their organization, localization and pedagogical management justifying the interest of study, such as standardized teaching material purchased from a education system, designs purchased from another education system, standardized tests for the whole network and the use of manuals for instrumentation of teachers work. Thus, seeking to achieve the objective set, the analysis of the data produced is delineated from the teacher work. Approach issues related to the use of specific teaching knowledge, challenges of professional practice in everyday school, practice of teaching autonomy, factors (de) motivation and (dis) investment of teachers with the profession a their relationship among the pairs revealing the different ways teachers develop and live the professionality. All dates show for the construction of very different professional cultures within the school that may be at the core of a new model (if not unrealized, desired by large school systems) of teacher professionalization. The teachers interviews revealed different ways of dealing with the professionality before the adversity and pressure of the network characteristics of the organizational model of this kind of school, reflecting negatively on the development and affirmation of teacher professionality. Indeed, the study found that the circumstances of the work environment have implications for the development of teacher professionality resulting in feelings varied in the teachers which ranging from the motivation up to the technical realization of teacher work which usually cause the isolation of teachers hindering the construction of a professional culture more colaborative.

Esta tese apresenta uma proposta teórico-metodológica baseada no conceito de cultura profissional, visando à análise da dimensão cultural do trabalho técnico em gestão em saúde, que tem na categoria cultura profissional e nas suas subcategorias constitutivas trajetória, identidade social e reflexividade interativa as bases desta investigação. Neste sentido, busca compreender a dimensão cultural deste trabalho ao problematizar as questões que atravessam a vida laboral dos trabalhadores técnicos de saúde, ou seja, como eles compreendem a realidade em que vivem, quais trajetórias formativas e profissionais os levam a este lugar, quais os laços identitários os unem enquanto grupo, e também quais são seus espaços de decisão e de elaboração crítica das questões que atravessam seu cotidiano de trabalho. Num mesmo movimento, esta proposição reafirma o materialismo histórico dialético como o método de análise deste estudo, apresentando os pares dialéticos utilizados na interpretação dos dados coletados no trabalho empírico. A hipótese deste estudo é que a análise da dimensão cultural deste trabalho técnico, a partir do referencial marxista, permite captar a dinâmica interacional deste grupo e relacioná-la com as questões econômicas e políticas que afetam o trabalho na sociedade contemporânea. Os resultados encontrados indicam a pertinência desta proposta para compreensão dos conflitos e contradições que perpassam a dimensão cultural do referido trabalho, assim como o aprofundamento deste debate permite avançar num projeto de qualificação para estes trabalhadores, em torno do desenvolvimento de uma proposta de formação humana que permita criticar e transformar este trabalho, ao mesmo tempo em que reafirma o projeto de saúde pública universal / This thesis presents a theoretical and methodological approach using the concept of professional culture with the aim to analyse cultural dimensions of technical jobs in health care management. The grounds of this research rely on the professional culture category and its sub-categories, i.e. career, social identity and interactive reflexivity. The goal is to understand cultural dimensions of such jobs discussing issues that may happen on the working life of technical health workers, i.e. how they recognise their reality, which educational and career paths lead them to their working positions, which identity connections unite them as a group, as well as their decision spaces and critical elaboration on issues that may happen on their daily routine. This investigation reaffirms the dialectical historical materialism as the analytical method, in which dialectical pairs are applied to understand the data that has been collected in an empirical fashion. The hypothesis of this study is that analysing cultural dimensions of technical jobs, from the Marxist framework perspective, allows capturing the interactional dynamics of this group as well as making links with economic and political issues, which affect the job itself in contemporary society. Obtained results indicate the relevance of this approach to understand conflicts and contradictions that may permeate cultural dimensions of such jobs. Additionally, further discussions allow creating projects to improve the qualification of such workers with the development of a more sensible career path, which enables workers to criticise and transform their jobs, while reaffirming the universal design of a public health system

Submitted by Vasti Diniz (vastijpa@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-20T13:20:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2943946 bytes, checksum: b8343c63ac0d576407d4e983fce42bb5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-20T13:20:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2943946 bytes, checksum: b8343c63ac0d576407d4e983fce42bb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-11 / The historical evolution of the democracy brought the growing necessity of communication and spreading public interest information about the governments to the citizens. Managing these fluxes became part of a specific professional activity, the press office – which gained boost regarding the news release with these function occupied by journalists. The present work shows how this class conquered, developed and exercise its mediator role between power and society, both yesterday and today, in media times. The technologic evolution brought changes in diverse social areas, reaching significantly the media functions. Therefore, it is important to describe the press office work in the institution, focusing the functions and challenges faced by the journalist, especially after the social and digital medias creation. As research’s objectives we have: to contextualize the exercise of the press office profession in general and local levels. To characterize the nature of the journalistic work developed in institutions – especially publics institutions (conflicts, tensions, interests). To distinguish the journalistic practice in press and in the institutional environment. To point the changes faced in social fields and, mainly, in communication, with the digital creation. To discuss culturally and professionally the press officers identity, investigatin if the “ciberculture” creation and the social medias rise brought changes in press officers identities and production routine. For this, besides the bibliography revision, we resorted to the study of the experience in the Paraíba Government case, which has sort of 65 press officers. As methodology, the study uses, in addition, the researcher’s direct participative observation, who is part of the group, and did interviews and applied questionnaires, in a pattern, as a sample of the government press officers. Starting from these resources, the results point that the use of the digital devices, digital and social, are part of the routine of most of the press officers, optimizing the journalistic disclosure and the relationship with the public. The majority of the press officers sees that the new tools, though beneficial, bring function accumulation and overwhelming, because the routine is not restrict to work journey, but full time, to answer the demands coming from everywhere anytime. The press officer also exercise various media activities, establishing a multitasking and technological profile. / A evolução histórica da democracia trouxe uma necessidade crescente de comunicação e liberação de informações de interesse público dos governos para os cidadãos. Administrar esses fluxos passou a fazer parte de uma atividade profissional específica, a assessoria de imprensa – que ganhou impulso quanto à divulgação noticiosa com a ocupação desta função por jornalistas. Neste trabalho, mostra-se como essa classe conquistou, desenvolveu e exerce o papel de mediador entre o poder e a sociedade, tanto ontem quanto hoje, em tempos de midiatização. A evolução tecnológica trouxe mudanças nas diversas esferas sociais, atingindo significativamente as funções de mídia. Por isso, cumpre-nos descrever o trabalho de assessoria de imprensa nas organizações, com foco nas funções e desafios enfrentados pelo jornalista, sobretudo depois do advento das mídias digitais e sociais. Como objetivos específicos da pesquisa, temos: contextualizar o exercício da profissão de assessor em nível geral e local; caracterizar a natureza do trabalho jornalístico desenvolvido em organizações – sobretudo públicas (conflitos, tensões, interesses); diferenciar a prática jornalística na redação e no ambiente organizacional; apontar as mudanças vividas nos campos sociais e principalmente na Comunicação com o advento do digital; discutir cultura profissional e descrever o perfil dos assessores; investigando se o advento da cibercultura e a ascensão das mídias sociais traz mudanças na identidade e nas rotinas de produção do assessor de imprensa. Para isso, além da revisão bibliográfica, recorremos ao estudo de caso da experiência do Governo do Estado da Paraíba, que emprega uma média de 65 assessores. Como metodologia, o estudo utiliza, ainda, a observação direta participante da pesquisadora, que integra a equipe em questão, bem como a realização de entrevistas e a aplicação de questionário padrão com uma amostra de assessores do governo. A partir desses meios, os resultados apontam que o uso dos dispositivos de mídias - digitais e sociais - fazem parte do dia a dia da maioria dos assessores, otimizando a divulgação jornalística e o relacionamento com os públicos. A maior parte dos profissionais enxerga que as novas ferramentas, embora benéficas, trazem acúmulo de função e sobrecarga - pois a rotina não mais é restrita às horas de trabalho, mas “full time”, para atender as demandas advindas de todos os meios e em qualquer momento do dia. O assessor também passa a exercer diversas atividades de mídia, estabelecendo-se com um perfil multitarefa e tecnológico.

Esta tese apresenta uma proposta teórico-metodológica baseada no conceito de cultura profissional, visando à análise da dimensão cultural do trabalho técnico em gestão em saúde, que tem na categoria cultura profissional e nas suas subcategorias constitutivas trajetória, identidade social e reflexividade interativa as bases desta investigação. Neste sentido, busca compreender a dimensão cultural deste trabalho ao problematizar as questões que atravessam a vida laboral dos trabalhadores técnicos de saúde, ou seja, como eles compreendem a realidade em que vivem, quais trajetórias formativas e profissionais os levam a este lugar, quais os laços identitários os unem enquanto grupo, e também quais são seus espaços de decisão e de elaboração crítica das questões que atravessam seu cotidiano de trabalho. Num mesmo movimento, esta proposição reafirma o materialismo histórico dialético como o método de análise deste estudo, apresentando os pares dialéticos utilizados na interpretação dos dados coletados no trabalho empírico. A hipótese deste estudo é que a análise da dimensão cultural deste trabalho técnico, a partir do referencial marxista, permite captar a dinâmica interacional deste grupo e relacioná-la com as questões econômicas e políticas que afetam o trabalho na sociedade contemporânea. Os resultados encontrados indicam a pertinência desta proposta para compreensão dos conflitos e contradições que perpassam a dimensão cultural do referido trabalho, assim como o aprofundamento deste debate permite avançar num projeto de qualificação para estes trabalhadores, em torno do desenvolvimento de uma proposta de formação humana que permita criticar e transformar este trabalho, ao mesmo tempo em que reafirma o projeto de saúde pública universal / This thesis presents a theoretical and methodological approach using the concept of professional culture with the aim to analyse cultural dimensions of technical jobs in health care management. The grounds of this research rely on the professional culture category and its sub-categories, i.e. career, social identity and interactive reflexivity. The goal is to understand cultural dimensions of such jobs discussing issues that may happen on the working life of technical health workers, i.e. how they recognise their reality, which educational and career paths lead them to their working positions, which identity connections unite them as a group, as well as their decision spaces and critical elaboration on issues that may happen on their daily routine. This investigation reaffirms the dialectical historical materialism as the analytical method, in which dialectical pairs are applied to understand the data that has been collected in an empirical fashion. The hypothesis of this study is that analysing cultural dimensions of technical jobs, from the Marxist framework perspective, allows capturing the interactional dynamics of this group as well as making links with economic and political issues, which affect the job itself in contemporary society. Obtained results indicate the relevance of this approach to understand conflicts and contradictions that may permeate cultural dimensions of such jobs. Additionally, further discussions allow creating projects to improve the qualification of such workers with the development of a more sensible career path, which enables workers to criticise and transform their jobs, while reaffirming the universal design of a public health system

This thesis portfolio presents an autoethnographic account of a prison educator engaged in a research project that explores creative approaches to arts, prison education, work and training in custodial settings. The position of the researcher is located in-between and across professional practices including arts in prisons, prison education, work and training environments, which have conflicting agendas that, nevertheless, share the same institutional space. Policymakers and management bodies regulating these professional practices expect education and training to contribute to reducing reoffending. Procedurally, the research process was precariously balanced between, on the one hand, performing to measures of quality based on the requirement to reduce recidivism, and on the other, crude outcome measures driven by a utilitarian marketization of prison education that includes course completion rates calculated on the basis of minimum contact time. This broader context created an uncertain and constantly shifting context for the research, which began with my search for an effective creative practice in a Performing Arts Department (PAD) and ends in a Functional English classroom (FEC). Conceptually, the research draws on the What Works debate (McGuire, 1995; Brayford et al. 2010), which continues to create a disjuncture between policy and implementation resulting from unrealistic assumptions that arts and education programmes in prison might prevent reoffending, with evidence relying solely upon randomisation, reductive causation and numerical calculation. It also draws on desistance theory (Maruna, 2001; McNeil, 2006), which argues that desistance from crime can be understood as an indirect process, rather than an event. From an examination of my efforts to implement and develop creative approaches to education via autoethnographic tools, including fictional performative writing, I argue two main points. Firstly, the autonomy required by the creative prison educator engaged in an advanced research project re-positions the professional in a particular relationship with the bewildering processes of power, protectionism and performance management in the criminal justice system. Secondly, and as demonstrated through fictional performative writing, I argue that research methods engaging voices from the frontline of educational environments, can reveal seemingly small details relating to the challenges and possibilities of creative education in prisons that, nonetheless, have significant implications for developing productive and innovative approaches to desistance from crime. Moreover, from this grounded, yet restricted position, I speculate how such approaches might extend both creativity and creatively beyond the validation of this doctorate qualification.

Cette thèse porte sur les interactions entre infirmières et usagères lors des suivis postnatals à domicile. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique réalisée sur le territoire de Bordeaux- Cartierville-Saint-Laurent à Montréal, je montre la façon dont les infirmières « négocient » leur pratique de soin. Ces « négociations » permettent l’accomplissement du mandat infirmier quelque soient les manifestations de la différence, à l’intersection de la rencontre entre la culture professionnelle infirmière et la culture profane de l’usagère. À partir d’une littérature de la sociologie des professions et de la sociologie de la santé et d’un cadre théorique construit autour du concept de négociation, cette étude montre que c’est principalement en modulant leur rapport aux normes de la santé publique que les infirmières parviennent à négocier leur pratique et ainsi à répondre aux besoins des populations qu’elles rencontrent. Cinq formes de négociation se dégagent : la négociation par coopération, par compromis, par détachement, par adaptation typifiée et par coercition. Faire le récit de ces différentes formes de négociation permet d’expliquer comment les infirmières concrétisent leur mandat infirmier alors qu’elles sont en interaction avec des usagères qui ne partagent pas les valeurs de prévention et de promotion des « saines habitudes de vie » proposées par la santé publique du Québec. / This thesis is an analysis of the interactions between nurses and service users in the context of post-natal home monitoring. Based on an ethnographic study I conducted in Montreal (Bordeaux-Cartierville-Saint-Laurent), I have defined how nurses negotiate care practice with their service users. These ‘‘negotiations’’ permit them to fulfill their mandate even with the manifestation of difference that can arise between the nurse’s professional and the service users’ profane culture. The theoretical framework that I have built around the concept of negotiation is also supported by sociological literature on profession and health. In order to cater to the service users’ needs, the nurses inherently modulate their relationship to the public health norms. Five types of negotiation have resulted form this study: Cooperation, Compromise, Detachment, Typified Adaptation and Coercion. This narrative of these different forms of negotiation tells us how nurses manage to fulfil their mandate with the service users who do not subscribe to the Quebec public health prevention and promotion of healthy living values.