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The problem of this study was the development of a set of significant public school PPBS criteria based on the analysis of perceptions held by three groups of educators.

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Valstybės finansinių išteklių paskirstymas yra vienas iš svarbiausių valstybės valdymo uždavinių. Racionalus šių resursų paskirstymas sudaro prielaidas efektyviai naudoti turimus svarbiausius išteklius, pasiekti prioritetinius valstybės tikslus ir aktyviai įgyvendinti numatytų sričių veiklą. Programinio finansavimo sistema yra viena iš Naujosios viešosios vadybos elementų, skatinančių modernizuoti šalies biudžetinio finansų valdymo sistemą. Pats programinis biudžetas nėra biudžeto sudarymas programiniu principu, tai daugiau veiklos rezultatų valdymo įrankis, kartu su strateginio planavimo, kaupiamojo biudžeto ir rezultatų vertinimo bruožais. Programinio finansavimo sistema yra biudžetinio finansavimo sistema, kuri identifikuoja institucijos misiją, tikslus ir uždavinius, integruoja strateginio planavimo, veiklos efektyvumo informaciją ir rezultatus į biudžeto procesą, naudoja veiklos efektyvumo valdymą ir veiklos efektyvumo kontraktų sistemą, biudžetą ir apskaitą sudaro kaupimo principu, paskirsto išteklius decentralizuotai ir vertina veiklą, veiklos rezultatus ir programas. Danija ir Australija įdiegė programinio finansavimo sistemą daugiau kaip prieš 15 metų. Šalys atitinkamų reformų metu pasinaudojo veiklos efektyvumo sistemos pranašumais ir įdiegė modernią biudžetinio finansavimo sistemą. Nors šalys skaičiuoja jau nebe pirma dešimtmetį veiklos efektyvumo sistemos srityje, tačiau ir šiose šalyse vis dar susiduriama su tam tikrais, kiekvienai šaliai būdingais iššūkiais ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Allocation of State financial resources is one of the most important tasks of public administration. Rational allocation of these resources for the effective use of available resources essential to achieve national objectives and priorities to implement the areas of activity. Program budgeting system is one of the new public management elements to promote the modernization of the country budget financial management system. Program budgeting is more than budgeting method by the programming principle, it can be identified as performance management tool, in conjunction with strategic planning, budgeting by the results and the performance mesurament and evaluation. Program budgeting system is the budgeting system, which identifies the institutions mission, goals and objectives, integrates strategic planning, performance information and results in the budget process, it uses performance management information, accrual budgeting and acounting, allocates resourses in decentalized way and evaluates activities and performance. Denmark and Australia have introduced the program budgeting system for more than 15 years ago. While the countries are no longer calculate the first decade of operational efficiency in the system, but they are still faced with some, country-specific challenges and problems. The main problems and challenges faced by countries are mostly technical in nature, because there is a different management culture problems. South Korea obtaining assistance of the United... [to full text]

The purpose of this study is to explain a management the Diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend (Indiana). For well over 100 years the Catholic school system in this diocese was =governed by the following principles: (1) each parish was expected to have a parish school; (2) this school was to be financed from the resources of the parish; and (3) the teachers were largely religious sisters. Not until the 1960's was any serious attempt made to centralize a school system which encompassed 54 grade schools, 6 high schools, and enrolled 28,600 pupils in 1965. The late 1960's witnessed a crisis in Catholic education; between 1964 and 1970 enrollment declined in the grade schools 27.3%; during that same period of time the ratio of lay teachers to religious teachers rose 160.5:0 (while the number of sisters dropped 18%); parishes income, in constant dollars, dropped 0.5%. The educational crisis found the parishes without adequate management information for decision making.Two types of information puterized for annual updating.I. Educational Data Analysis. Basic income and expense information, from each parish, is analyzed for the most recent five year period. This analysis brings into one place the necessary data for trend analysis. (Projections are based on the polynomial method of curve fitting.) Most data treated is analyzed for year-to-year rates of change; at the same time an over-all rate of change is developed with 1964 forming the base year. All income data is reduced to a constant dollar (1958= 100) with the Implicit Personal Consumption Expenditure Price Deflator. Educational costs are further analyzed on a per pupil cash cost basis, and on a percent of total educational costs. The contributed services of each teacher is developed (as well as an analysis of degrees, license, grade taught, years of experience, etc.). In this way a total cost, closer to true costs than are the cash costs, are developed. Some use is made of regional median income data to determine the over-all ability of a parish to support the program. This data is intended for the use of the pastors, parish councils, committees on education, etc.II. Educational Situation Indices. These indices were developed to simplify financial explanations for parishioners; at the same time they provide a means of comparing one parish against the rest of the diocese. Thirteen key resources were selected from the data developed by Part I. These resources from each parish are compared with the diocesan average to develop and index number. The "norm=100." Three types of mathematical formulas develop three indices. The Parish Index (I,) merely measures the percent above or below the norm. This information makes it possible to analyze parish resource use, the flow of resources both within the parish and between parishes, and aids greatly in resource allocation. (This latter is aided because for the first time one parish can compare itself to other parishes.) The Variance Index (12) makes use of the Z-value and the standard deviation to develop an "average range" of parishes (± one standard deviation). Therefore, parishes which are using resources in such a manner as to be beyond the middle 68/ are identified, and the "mis-used resource" located. The final index (14) is the result of weilhtin the various resources with the Beta coefficient (by means of a stepwise multiple regression computer formula). This produces a single composite number termed the Educational Situation Index.The use of scatter charts makes it possible to obtain visual pictures of the entire diocese for each resource, or for all resources in a single parish. (The basic scatter charts are developed by a Calcomp plotter.)These computer print-outs are meant to be tools to aid the volunteer members of the many parish committees on education, and the area and diocesan boards of education. The study explains the development and the use of these managerial tools which are developed for broad level use.

The purpose of the study was to determine and compare the judgments of the non-teaching administrators, teaching administrators and teachers regarding the effectiveness of Planned Program Budgeting Systems in the three pilot New Jersey Districts.A questionnaire based on the goals identified in the New Jersey Program Budget Guide, was developed for the study. Fifty questions divided into five categories, needs assessment, consideration of alternative programs, determination of financial need for preferred alternatives evaluation of performance in each program, and process, were developed. Two field tests were conducted.Data were treated in two ways. The frequency and percentage of responses to each item was counted. Based on these data, three questions concerning administrators' and teachers' judgments of the extent and effectiveness of PPBS were answered.Second, the chi-square test of independence was applied to each of the fifty statements in the questionnaire to determine the rejection or non-rejection of the null hypothesis:No statistically significant difference exists among the judgments of non-teaching administrators, teaching administrators and teachers regarding the effectiveness of Planned Program Budgeting Systems.The p = .05 level of significance was used to determine rejection or non-rejection of the null hypothesis.Summary of the ConclusionsGenerally non-teaching administrators, teaching administrators and teachers, have different judgments regarding the extent and effectiveness of PPBS. No consistent agreement or disagreement existed between any two of the groups.Selected FindingsThe chi-square test of independence (p = .05) was applied to each of the fifty questions. The null hypothesis was rejected for thirty-eight statements and not rejected for twelve statements.Selected Recommendations1. A better communication system between non-teaching administrators, teaching administrators and teachers regarding the various processes and procedures needed to make PPBS effective, should be strengthened.2. In-service workshops should be conducted for each of the groups to clarify the role of each group and to inform and discuss with each other problems that occur with the ongoing process of PPBS.3. Teachers in all the schools should be informed of the procedures of PPBS and should participate in the various facets of the program.Selected Recommendations for Further Study1. Conduct a follow-up study to determine the progress made in the implementation of PPBS after a three-year period in the three pilot New Jersey districts.2. Develop and test an instrument which would determine the effectiveness of PPBS in school districts.3. Conduct a study comparing the judgments of the educators in the pilot districts in New Jersey with the judgments of the educators in pilot districts in another state.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Architecture’s Red Tape is a critical study of the relation between public architecture and public administration in the 1960s and 1970s. The thesis focuses on the work of the Swedish National Board of Public Building, KBS, which was a government agency in charge of providing premises for the Swedish state at that time. KBS expanded its construction of new buildings during the 1960s and did extensive research and development work to find new rational and efficient working methods and building systems. The development of KBS culminated in the implementation of an official architectural philosophy in 1968, called the “structure philosophy.” The architectural ideas were drafted parallel to new administrative systems that were in turn based on rational choice theories. The thesis studies the developments of KBS’ architecture, both as processes of building production (architecture practice) and as the built result of these processes (buildings), through the analysis of four different instruments. These instruments – Program Budgeting, KBS’ Structure Philosophy, Incentive Contract, and System Building – were important means in KBS’ efforts to rationalize building production and make operations more efficient. KBS highlighted new features in the practices of architecture – emphasizing process, the user, functionality, performance, evaluations, results, etc. – that could be reviewed as a redefinition of the architectural project. This review is explicit on two different levels: firstly, as a redefinition of the architectural object most clearly found in KBS’ publicly announced shift from building construction to “premises production.” Secondly, there is a redefinition of architectural practice that relocates the interest of design, making it more about programming with a heightened interest in the processes of defining the scope and problems of design. / <p>QC 20170825</p>

Taikomas biudžeto išlaidų paskirstymo metodas tiesiogiai įtakoja valstybės finansinių išteklių paskirstymo rezultatus. Dabar dažniausiai naudojamas programinis biudžetas ir įvairūs šiuo principu paremti modifikuoti biudžeto išlaidų paskirstymo modeliai. Išanalizavus mokslinę literatūrą, įvairias analitinio pobūdžio publikacijas ir esamą Lietuvos situaciją po biudžeto reformos, galima daryti išvadą, kad programinis biudžetas daugeliu principų yra vertintinas kaip perspektyvus ir daugeliu atveju tinkamas. Be abejo, šis metodas turi daug privalumų, tačiau negalima atmesti keleto trūkumų. Biudžeto programos yra pagrindinis programinio metodo komponentas. Pagal jų vertinimo rezultatus priimami sprendimai dėl valstybės išlaidų paskirstymo. Svarbu tinkamai įvertinti programas ir atrinkti naudingiausias valstybei, kurios galėtų ateityje atnešti naudą, tiek socialinę, tiek ekonominę, finansinę. Įvertinant Lietuvos situaciją, programų vertinimo problematiką, matomas aiškus poreikis padidinti programų vertinimo pagrįstumą ir objektyvumą. Tyrimo objektas – valstybės biudžeto išlaidų skirstymo procesas. Darbo tikslas – remiantis teorija, išanalizuoti valstybės biudžeto išlaidų skirstymo procesą programų metodu, apibendrinti ir sukurti sintetinį valstybės biudžeto programų vertinimo modelį. Šiam tikslui pasiekti iškelti šie svarbiausi uždaviniai: • išanalizuoti valstybės biudžeto išlaidų formavimą programų principu teoriniu aspektu; • įvertinti valstybės biudžeto programų efektyvumą; •... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The method of budget expenditures distribution directly influences on results of state government resources. Recently the program budget is used more often, all other modified distribution models of budget expenditures as well. Analysing the scientific literature, the different analytic publications and current Lithuania‘s situation after budget reform, it could be pointed, that the program budget in many cases is appraised as perspective and useful process. Budget programs are the main components of programming method. The solutions of state expenditures distribution are made according to programs results. It‘s important to evaluate the programs properly and select the most useful for the state, which could give the social, economic and financial outputs in the future. Defining current Lithuania‘s situation and problems of the program evaluation process, it‘s obvious that there is the necessity of increasment of program evaluation foundation and objectivity. The work object: the distribution process of state budget by programs. The work purpose is according to the theory to make an analysis of the state budget expenditures distribution process by programs, summarize and create the synthetical evaluation model of budget programs. The work tasks: • to analyze the theoretical aspects of the state budget expenditures distribution according to principles of programming; • to analyze the effectiveness of state budget programs; • to produce the Lithuania‘s practice of state program... [to full text]

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