O gerenciamento de portfólios de projetos é adotado por organizações para garantir que sejam priorizados e realizados os melhores projetos para atingir os objetivos estratégicos da organização e para haver um melhor planejamento do uso dos diversos recursos da organização para a execução dos projetos. O setor público tem características que o distingue do setor privado, o que reflete em como as organizações dos dois setores são gerenciadas. O objetivo deste trabalho, além de realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o gerenciamento de portfólio no setor público, é estudar as características e ferramentas utilizadas no gerenciamento de portfólio de projetos no setor público em comparação com o setor privado. Para a realização deste estudo foram realizados estudos de caso em quatro empresas privadas de diversos setores e em quatro organizações públicas de diversas esferas de governo e de atuação. Nos estudos de caso, além da análise de documentação, foram realizadas entrevistas com profissionais de todas as organizações as quais foram transcritas e analisadas com auxílio do NVivo, um programa de análise qualitativa de dados. A análise dos dados levantados frente às proposições de pesquisa permitiu constatar que em ambos os setores o gerenciamento de portfólio de projetos tem como um de seus objetivos principais gerar um alinhamento entre os projetos realizados e os objetivos estratégicos pretendidos pela organização; as organizações do setor público, ao contrário do sugerido pela análise da literatura, possuem uma maior formalização dos seus processos de gerenciamento de portfólio de projetos; existe um indicativo que as ferramentas utilizadas em ambos os setores são semelhantes, sendo que a ferramenta de pontuação e ordenamento é uma das mais utilizadas nas organizações pesquisadas; as classes de critérios mais utilizadas para a seleção e priorização do portfólio no setor público são diferentes das classes de critérios utilizadas no setor privado; a classe de critérios \"financeira\" é a que possui maior quantidade de critérios no setor privado e menor quantidade no setor público, situação que se inverte com a classe \"social e ambiental\" que tem maior quantidade de critérios no setor público e menor número no setor privado; o setor público tem menor atenção ao gerenciamento de riscos do que o setor privado. Não foi possível concluir se há diferença entre a influência das partes interessadas internas e externas à organização no gerenciamento de portfólio nos setores analisados. / Project portfolio management is used by organizations to ensure that they prioritize and execute the best projects available to achieve the organization\'s strategic objectives and to better plan the use of their resources. The public sector has some characteristics that distinguish it from the private sector that influences how organizations in both sectors are managed. This work aims to carry out a bibliographic review on portfolio management in the public sector and also to compare the characteristics and tools of project portfolio management processes used in the public and private sector. In order to carry out this study, eight case studies were carried out, four in private companies from different sectors and four in public organizations from different government´s responsibility and regions. During the case studies, in addition to documentation analysis, interviews were conducted with organizations´ professionals, that were transcribed and analyzed using NVivo, a qualitative data analysis software. The analysis of the data collected in comparison to the research proposals showed that in both sectors the main goal of project portfolio management is to generate an alignment between the projects carried out and the strategic objectives pursued by the organization; on the contrary that were indicated by the literature review, public sector organizations have more formalized project portfolio management processes than private sector companies; there is an indication that organizations in both sectors use similar tools and the scoring and classification´s type is the most commonly used; the selection and prioritization criteria most used by public sector organizations are from different class than the most used by private sector organizations; the \"financial\" class of criteria is the one that has the biggest amount of criteria in the private sector and the smallest amount in the public sector, the opposite situation occurs in the \"social and environmental\" class that has the biggest amount of criteria in the public sector and the smallest amount in the private sector; public sector organizations are less concerned about risk management than private sector organizations. It wasn´t possible to infer if there is a difference in the influence\'s level between internal and external stakeholders in the project portfolio management\'s practices in the analyzed sectors.

Esta dissertação relata o estudo sobre os fatores críticos de sucesso do gerenciamento de portfolio de projetos em empresas que atuam no Brasil e também verifica os impactos sobre os resultados organizacionais. A pesquisa foi realizada através de um levantamento junto a profissionais engajados no gerenciamento de projetos que responderam a questionário elaborado a partir de revisão da literatura pertinente ao tema. Os fatores críticos de sucesso validados são: o alinhamento com a estratégia e o processo de gerenciamento de portfolio. Quanto aos impactos sobre os resultados, foi confirmado que o gerenciamento de portfolio impacta positivamente o gerenciamento dos projetos, a satisfação das partes interessadas e a maturidade em projetos. Embora a literatura tenha sido pesquisada, a linha mestra para a pesquisa, principalmente quanto ao processo de gerenciamento de portfolio, ficou centrada nas publicações do Instituto de Gerenciamento de Projetos, mais conhecido por PMI - Project Management Institute. / This dissertation reports the study about success key factors of project portfolio management in companies which act in Brazil and it also analyses the impacts on organizational results. The research was made through a survey applied to people engaged in project management activities whose answered to questionnaire that was elaborated since a review of the literature related to this subject. The validated success key factors are the following: alignment with strategy and the portfolio management process. About the impacts on the results, it was confirmed that portfolio management impacts positively in project management, in project stakeholder satisfaction and in project management maturity. Although an extensive part of literature was consulted, the main approach mainly to the portfolio management process was focused in PMI issues.

Este estudo se propõe analisar como as organizações utilizam a gestão de portfólio de projetos para gerir a inovação. Para tanto, busca explorar como as organizações identificam, categorizam, classificam, selecionam e priorizam os projetos, e como controlam e medem os resultados de seu portfólio de inovação, em um contexto contendo projetos de diferentes naturezas de inovação. Para atingir este objetivo foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, através de seis entrevistas em profundidade. O roteiro de entrevista foi criado a partir do estudo do modelo de gestão de portfólio proposto pelo PMI (2013) e revisado por três especialistas. Para esta pesquisa foram entrevistadas três empresas, sendo dois profissionais por empresa, um de cargo gerencial e outro de cargo executivo, ligados à gestão de portfólio de inovação. As entrevistas foram analisadas quanto ao seu conteúdo através da análise temática. A análise das entrevistas é apresentada a partir de quatro grandes temas: o contexto da gestão de portfólio de inovação na organização, o processo de avaliação e seleção de projetos para o portfólio, o processo de monitoramento do portfólio e os desafios da gestão de portfólios de inovação. Como resultados, a pesquisa identificou que as empresas pesquisadas têm como base de influência principal o modelo de gestão de portfólio proposto pelo PMI (2013), além de outros métodos como Stage-gate, Corrente Crítica, Lean, OKR e PDCA. Que as organizações buscam adaptar o processo de gestão de portfólio à sua realidade e são feitas adaptações de acordo com a complexidade do portfólio de projetos de inovação da organização, conforme a natureza das inovações presente nos projetos do portfólio, sua ambição de inovação e os desafios encontrados na implementação da gestão de seu portfólio de inovação; que são utilizadas diferentes técnicas de avaliação de viabilidade de projetos, com o uso do modelo Stage-gate, facilitando a seleção de projetos para o portfólio, de acordo com o grau de incerteza dos projetos; que são utilizadas técnicas como a Corrente Crítica para priorizar o portfólio e reduzir o lead time de projetos, reduzindo o tempo para iniciar a captura de valor advindo destes; que a qualidade do processo de monitoramento do portfólio está ligada diretamente à qualidade do processo de categorização dos projetos e de seus descritores-chave; que a resistência gerencial em reportar desempenho dos projetos é um desafio para as organizações; e, por fim, que todas as organizações reforçam seus processos de gestão de portfólio de inovação de acordo com suas ambições de inovação e de acordo com sua maturidade quanto a importância da inovação para a empresa, de onde se pode sugerir que as organizações com gestão de portfólio mais rígida e formalizada são também as organizações menos inovadoras. / This study aims to analyze how organizations use project portfolio management to manage innovation. To do so, it seeks to explore how organizations identify, categorize, classify, select and prioritize their projects, and control and measure the results of their innovation portfolio, in a context containing projects of different natures of innovation. To achieve this goal, a qualitative research was conducted through in-depth interviews. The interview script was created based on the study of the portfolio management model proposed by PMI (2013) and reviewed by three specialists. For this research, three companies were interviewed, two professionals per company, one managerial and one executive, both linked to innovation portfolio management at their organizations. The interviews were analyzed for their content through thematic analysis. The analysis of the interviews is presented based on four main themes: the context of portfolio management innovation in the organization; the project evaluation and selection processes for the portfolio; the portfolio monitoring process; and the innovation portfolio management challenges. As a result, it was identified that the companies surveyed are influenced by PMI's (2013) portfolio management model, as well as other complementary methods such as Stage-gate, Critical Current, Lean, OKR and PDCA; that the organizations seek to adapt the portfolio management process to their reality, and that adaptations are made according to the complexity of the organization's innovation portfolio, according to the nature of innovations present in the portfolio projects, according to its innovation ambition and according to the challenges encountered in implementing the management of its innovation portfolio; that different project feasibility evaluation techniques are used, with the use of the Stage- Gate model, facilitating the selection of projects for the portfolio, according to the degree of uncertainty of the projects; that techniques such as the Critical Chain are used to prioritize the portfolio and reduce the lead time of projects, reducing the time to start capturing value from them; that the quality of the portfolio monitoring process is directly linked to the quality of the project categorization process and its key descriptors; that the managerial resistance to reporting project performance is a challenge; and lastly, that all organizations reinforce their innovation portfolio management processes according to their innovation ambitions and according to their maturity about the importance of innovation for the company, suggesting that organizations with more rigid and formalized portfolio management are also less innovative organizations.

A análise de investimentos é um processo de vital importância para uma organização, pois envolve o orçamento de capital da empresa na busca de projetos que tragam rentabilidade, perpetuidade, além de ter ligação direta com os objetivos estratégicos traçados. Entretanto, este processo muitas vezes não é discutido internamente nas empresas, as quais geralmente focam somente na etapa de avaliação econômica dos projetos, não desenvolvendo o processo de uma forma sistêmica e estruturada, nem considerando outros aspectos qualitativos na decisão. Desta forma, o presente trabalho apresenta um proposta de sistemática para análise multicriterial de investimentos, discutindo particularmente as quatro grandes fases do processo de análise: identificação, avaliação, priorização e seleção e acompanhamento de projetos. Para cada fase, algumas etapas e atividades foram definidas e posteriormente validadas em uma empresa do ramo automotivo. Para auxiliar a estruturação da sistemática são utilizados métodos de avaliação econômica tradicionais como VPL, TIR e payback, além de um método de análise multicriterial, chamado NCIC, e do uso de programação linear para definição de um portfólio ótimo de investimentos. O uso em conjunto de tais métodos permitiu a elaboração de uma ferramenta chamada PAMP – Planilha para Avaliação Multicriterial de Investimentos. Durante a validação da sistemática foi definida uma equipe multifuncional para a busca e avaliação de investimentos. Esta equipe foi treinada, os fluxos de caixa dos projetos elencados foram projetados e a partir do uso da PAMP dois ranking foram desenvolvidos: primeiramente, um ranking econômico, ordenando os projetos conforme seus resultados (VPL), e em um segundo momento, um ranking multicriterial, incorporando ao VPL o valor agregado dos atributos qualitativos de cada projeto. Após, usando programação linear, foi modelado o portfólio ótimo sob o ponto de vista econômico e qualitativo, incorporando o racionamento de capital entre outras restrições. Como resultado observou-se que apesar dos atributos qualitativos serem relevantes para a tomada de decisão, o critério que mais influencia a empresa ainda é o econômico. Além disso, percebeu-se uma boa aderência da sistemática proposta no ambiente empresarial, destacando como principais benefícios (i) a estruturação de uma lista de projetos, discutindo as origens dos mesmos e suas ligações com a estratégia da empresa; (ii) capacitação dos colaboradores formando uma estrutura de apoio interna que dê suporte conceitual ao processo de análise de investimentos; (iii) estruturação lógica do processo de análise de investimentos, indicando ferramentas de simples uso e com potencial interação; e (iv) melhoria contínua do processo através da comparação projetado versus realizado e retroalimentação do sistema de análise de investimentos. / Investment analysis is a key process in organizations. It involves the capital budgeting of companies to identify projects that brings profitability, perpetuity and direct connection with strategic goals. However, this kind of process is not often internally discussed in companies, which usually focus on the economic evaluation phase only, in spite of a structured process where qualitative aspects are considered in the decision-making. This work presents a method for multi-criteria investment analysis, particularly discussing the four most important phases in the analysis: identification, evaluation, prioritization and selection and project monitoring. In each phase, steps and activities are defined and illustrated through an application in an automotive company. Traditional evaluation methods, such as NPV, IRR and payback, in addition to a multi-criteria decision-making technique, named NCIC, and linear programming are used to support the method. The use of such techniques led to the creation of an analysis tool called PAMP – Spreadsheet for Multi-criteria Investments Analysis. During the application of the method a multi-functional team was selected and trained to search and evaluate investment opportunities. The projects cash flows were specified and, through the use of PAMP, two rankings were developed: an economic ranking, ordering the results of each project (NPV), and a multi-criteria ranking, including qualitative aspects of each project. Next, linear programming was used and a project portfolio was modeled considering economic and qualitative issues, such as capital rationing and other restrictions. As a result, it was observed that despite the fact that qualitative aspects are important in the final decision, the economic aspect is still the main drive in the company. In addition, it was verified that the proposed method was adapted successfully to the company environment; its main benefits: (i) the creation of a project list, stressing its connections to the firm strategy; (ii) training of a team that gives support to the investment analysis process; (iii) creation of a logical structure for investment analysis,based on powerful yet easy to use tools; and (iv) continuous improvement of the process.

<p>Selection of right sets of projects is considerably critical for organizations to successfully achieve their competitive advantages and corporate strategies. Due to limited resources and dynamic changes in business environment, this kind of selection is quite challenging for organizations. Beside one hundred selection tools and techniques, academics and practitioners have studied and recommended complex selection frameworks to facilitate the selection of right projects. However, these theoretical frameworks are not applied by private corporations in Vietnam. Therefore, this dissertation is intended to better understand the academic and practical literature about project portfolio selection; study current practices of project selection that private corporations in Vietnam are using; and propose a framework that is beneficially adaptable to these private corporations. A multiple-case study strategy accessing qualitative data through observations and semi-structure interviews is designed to investigate how private corporations select their project portfolio under the current contexts of booming economy in Vietnam to ensure successful realization of their growth and development strategy. The recommendations resulted from literature review and investigations do not only support the investigated corporations to improve the quantity and quality of their investment project portfolio(s) but also facilitate possible adaptation to project portfolio selection by other private corporations.</p>

<p><strong><em>“While project management and program management have traditionally focused on ‘doing work right’, portfolio management is concerned with ‘doing the right work’” (PMI,2006)</em></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>Nowadays organizations are facing problems with too many projects and having limited resources to execute these projects. Therefore the role of portfolio control is gaining more importance to yield the right balance, mix and number of projects, and also to deal with the challenge of maximizing the value of the portfolio. Therefore the organizations rely on effective portfolio management and are developing new methods to deal with these challenges. Hence present study involves study of those organizations that rely on portfolio control techniques to effectively manage their portfolio of projects.</p><p> </p><p>The aim of this research is to investigate the role of portfolio control techniques in achieving efficiency in project based firms, examine relationship between control techniques and the portfolio efficiency, and to find the role of contextual factors like project and governance type in impacting the portfolio efficiency. Three portfolio control factors: portfolio selection, portfolio reporting, and decision making style were identified and portfolio efficiency was explained by two measures: achievement of portfolio results and achievement of project and program level purpose.</p><p> </p><p>The research was conducted at two multinational organizations, a pharmaceutical company in Europe and engineering and contracting transportation company in Asia. Case study research strategy was used, and data was collected through semi- structured interviews to investigate the impact of using these portfolio control techniques in a project based firms.</p><p> </p><p>The results of the research indicate that these control techniques helps to select and analyse the portfolio from strategic, financial and risk perspective. Furthermore it helps to balance the organizational priorities by taking into consideration project type, market sector, resource constraints and product lines. The portfolio control techniques also involve portfolio reporting which is considered as formal way of communication and information sharing and is believed to be significant project-level factor contributing to portfolio efficiency. Lastly, portfolio decision making helps the organizations in making the right decision in the best interest of the organization. All these control variables were found to have a significant impact on achieving results and achieving project and programme level purpose which in our research are the dimensions of portfolio efficiency.</p><p> </p><p>In our study we also found that there exists a positive relationship between the portfolio control techniques and portfolio efficiency which is affected by the contextual variables such as project type, governance type, organizational complexity, co-localization of team members, communication and clarity of goals and objectives.</p>

Product development has become an important competitive factor for most companies. A central task is to select which projects, often from a large number of project proposals, are to be developed in order to achieve strategic objectives without exceeding available resources. Project Portfolio Management (PPM) is the research discipline which focuses on the decision-making processes used to evaluate, select and prioritise projects. Previous research has stated that companies must be able to select and commit resources to different types of ideas and projects. However, it is widely believed that PPM literature has not sufficiently investigated the challenges that companies might face when putting into practice different decision-making approaches to select different types of ideas and projects. This thesis aims to explore how different types of ideas and projects are evaluated and selected in the context of the development of complex technological products. It is based on a qualitative research approach and interviews and observations have been carried out with the cooperation of six companies. The findings of this thesis reveal that because different decision-making approaches encounter different levels of acceptance within an organisation, the dynamics by which an idea evolves are affected by the way in which decision makers deal with the legitimacy of the decision-making approaches that they put into practice. Decision makers use some mechanisms that allow them to avoid drawing exclusively on the highly accepted approaches when they are not considered to be suitable, and to give legitimacy to the decisions that have been made by the less accepted approaches. In addition, the way in which decision makers experience a decision situation influences how it is approached. If they experience ambiguity, they might display a decision-making logic in which actions are allowed to be taken within self-organised social interactions, in order to make sense of the idea, project or criteria. However, the occurrence of self-organised interactions is conditioned by how decision makers negotiate resources with stakeholders that display different interests and decision-making logics. These findings question the objective view that assumes that ideas and projects are already defined at the moment the decision is made and are able to be classified in pre-defined categories. It also led to the question of whether problems in fulfilling resource allocation plans and the risk of biases in decision making are problems that arise due to poor decision-making practices, and whether they should, instead, be understood as probable consequences of a flexible process. Finally, this thesis explores a way of enhancing decision makers’ abilities through scenarios in which decision makers experience decision situations and reflect on their own ways of making decisions. / <p>QC 20120918</p>

New Ventures projects emerge in response to the growing need of countries to develop and grow economically in an environment characterized by rapid changes. The importance of these projects is such that during the last decades they have played a role not only as drivers of the economy but also as sources of new jobs and innovation (Chen, 2009). Due to this importance, there have been multiple studies related to the efficient management of such projects. However, it is not sufficient for these projects to be managed properly, but the presence of limited resources makes necessary to select, prioritize and control these projects strategically within a portfolio.   This strategic management can be carried out by using the theory developed in Project Portfolio Management (PPM). The importance of PPM is the ability to integrate the world of projects with the operation of organizations, helping to minimize failures such as making unnecessary effort to undertake these projects in an appropriate manner when in fact these are not the right projects.  However, there is a lack of knowledge in the application of PPM theory for New Ventures projects, because their characteristics differ from those of any other type of projects in terms of high level of risk and, in many cases, high technical uncertainty (Mac Millan &amp; Gunther, 2000).  This knowledge gap can be minimized using two different approaches. The first one consists in employing the theory developed by PPM in R&amp;D projects, applying it for New Venture projects, as suggested by Mac Millan &amp; Gunther (2000). The second approach corresponds to using the theory developed around the management of projects within Business Incubators (BIs) and Venture Capital firms (VC) in every stage of the PPM process.   This study describes how BIs and VCs in Sweden manage their New Venture projects portfolios in issues such as selection, prioritization and monitoring and control. To achieve an adequate depiction of this process, the study seeks primarily to identify the role of BIs and VCs in the PPM and the proper relationship that should exist between both organizations to ensure an ideal flow of projects at each stage of their development. In addition, it also seeks to find whether tools outlined in the literature are often used in practice.   Among the main findings of the study, the major contribution of the BIs is mainly in the feasibility analysis of projects and the support they give in their development, while VC firms are usually more focused on the selection, prioritization and monitoring and control of their portfolios. In practice there have been shortcomings in the transition of New Venture projects between BIs and VCs. These can be solved by creating a single organization that integrates the entire process of PPM between BIs and VCs, or other alternative is for VCs to start investing mainly in early stage projects.  Another important finding corresponds to the use of the expertise of BIs and VCs members as the most important tool when making strategic decisions. And although there is general satisfaction with the success of these projects in Sweden, some authors have argued that this industry is not totally mature. Therefore, this study suggests using some tools, proposed in a conceptual model, developed to achieve the maturity that New Venture projects industry requires.

“While project management and program management have traditionally focused on ‘doing work right’, portfolio management is concerned with ‘doing the right work’” (PMI,2006) Nowadays organizations are facing problems with too many projects and having limited resources to execute these projects. Therefore the role of portfolio control is gaining more importance to yield the right balance, mix and number of projects, and also to deal with the challenge of maximizing the value of the portfolio. Therefore the organizations rely on effective portfolio management and are developing new methods to deal with these challenges. Hence present study involves study of those organizations that rely on portfolio control techniques to effectively manage their portfolio of projects.   The aim of this research is to investigate the role of portfolio control techniques in achieving efficiency in project based firms, examine relationship between control techniques and the portfolio efficiency, and to find the role of contextual factors like project and governance type in impacting the portfolio efficiency. Three portfolio control factors: portfolio selection, portfolio reporting, and decision making style were identified and portfolio efficiency was explained by two measures: achievement of portfolio results and achievement of project and program level purpose.   The research was conducted at two multinational organizations, a pharmaceutical company in Europe and engineering and contracting transportation company in Asia. Case study research strategy was used, and data was collected through semi- structured interviews to investigate the impact of using these portfolio control techniques in a project based firms.   The results of the research indicate that these control techniques helps to select and analyse the portfolio from strategic, financial and risk perspective. Furthermore it helps to balance the organizational priorities by taking into consideration project type, market sector, resource constraints and product lines. The portfolio control techniques also involve portfolio reporting which is considered as formal way of communication and information sharing and is believed to be significant project-level factor contributing to portfolio efficiency. Lastly, portfolio decision making helps the organizations in making the right decision in the best interest of the organization. All these control variables were found to have a significant impact on achieving results and achieving project and programme level purpose which in our research are the dimensions of portfolio efficiency.   In our study we also found that there exists a positive relationship between the portfolio control techniques and portfolio efficiency which is affected by the contextual variables such as project type, governance type, organizational complexity, co-localization of team members, communication and clarity of goals and objectives.

Selection of right sets of projects is considerably critical for organizations to successfully achieve their competitive advantages and corporate strategies. Due to limited resources and dynamic changes in business environment, this kind of selection is quite challenging for organizations. Beside one hundred selection tools and techniques, academics and practitioners have studied and recommended complex selection frameworks to facilitate the selection of right projects. However, these theoretical frameworks are not applied by private corporations in Vietnam. Therefore, this dissertation is intended to better understand the academic and practical literature about project portfolio selection; study current practices of project selection that private corporations in Vietnam are using; and propose a framework that is beneficially adaptable to these private corporations. A multiple-case study strategy accessing qualitative data through observations and semi-structure interviews is designed to investigate how private corporations select their project portfolio under the current contexts of booming economy in Vietnam to ensure successful realization of their growth and development strategy. The recommendations resulted from literature review and investigations do not only support the investigated corporations to improve the quantity and quality of their investment project portfolio(s) but also facilitate possible adaptation to project portfolio selection by other private corporations.