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The use of automated procedures has recently become popular in the causal inference literature. Naive implementations of automatic procedures stand in contrast to the perspective advocated in Imbens and Rubin's Causal Inference. Imbens and Rubin suggest that researchers should make modelling decisions informed by subjective knowledge. We make use of simulated data to compare Imbens and Rubin's approach to naive implementations of two automatic procedures: Genetic Matching and Entropy Balancing. In addition we perform a small Monte Carlo simulation, based on one of the simulated data sets. Using the simulated data sets and the Monte Carlo simulations, we illustrate and explore benefits and drawbacks of the different approaches. We argue that there are benefits to make use of design-decisions grounded in subjective knowledge.

Using the multilevel framework, this multi-institutional study took different approaches to study undergraduate students’ retention in engineering programs. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, using Multiple-Institution Database for Investigating Engineering Longitudinal Development, the aim was to control for macro-level factors which may create a selection bias in student admission into engineering programs. The outcome fed the second phase, which aimed to analyze student’s retention for different populations.

The present study examines whether the presence of school resource officers (SROs) and their level of involvement in place management activities are associated with higher or lower rates of school-based serious violence. This study uses data from the 2010 School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS) conducted by National Center for Educational Statistics. Propensity score matching is used to create a quasi-experimental design and isolate the influence of SROs and their level of involvement in place management activities on school-based serious violence. The analysis reveals that schools with a school resource officer are associated with higher rates of reported serious violence and those schools with SROs that participate in more place manager duties are also associated with higher rates of reported serious violence. These findings do not support the notion that SROs are acting as effective place managers and through this place management, reducing reported serious violence. Rather, it appears that the presences of a SRO and their execution of place manager duties is associated with an increase in the reporting of serious violence. Policy implications and limitations of the current research are also discussed.

This thesis examines the environmental effect of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) in the Czech Republic. Specifically, the impact of the EU ETS on CO2 emissions, carbon-fuel intensity and carbon intensity of production (measured by revenues) is analysed on installation-level financial, environmental and energy data throughout all three phases of the EU ETS over 2005 - 2019. The difference-in-differences approach with propensity score matching is used to infer the causal effect of the regulation. We find no effect of the EU ETS on carbon emissions and carbon intensities in the Czech Republic. This finding holds for various model specifications and different approaches we utilised. In the end, we discuss possible reasons why the EU ETS might not lead to any significant effect in the Czech Republic. JEL Classification O13, F18, Q54, Q58, H23, D22 Keywords EU ETS, environmental regulation, propen- sity score matching, difference-in-differences, the Czech Republic Title The impact of the EU ETS in the Czech Repub- lic

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21005号 / 医博第4351号 / 新制||医||1028(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 小西 靖彦, 教授 福原 俊一, 教授 小池 薫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21301号 / 医博第4390号 / 新制||医||1030(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 川上 浩司, 教授 小池 薫, 教授 福原 俊一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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