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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Finančněprávní aspekty podpory a zdanění výroby elektřiny ze slunečního záření / Financial and administrative aspects of the support and taxation of solar energy

Jančová, Kateřina January 2014 (has links)
This thesis examines with subsidies and taxes related to renewable energy generation, solar energy generation in particular. I have chosen this topic for its relevance to current situation and ongoing attention it enjoys from the media. The work comprises of five sections. In the first section, I focus on original renewable energy legislation that was in effect till year 2012. Here I discuss both Czech and European legislation with emphasis on the Czech system of subsidies based on the the Act No. 180/2005 Col. In the second part, I deal with solar generation boom during 2009 a 2010. I describe both causes of the solar boom and legislation adopted to lessen its negative effects. Specifically, I discuss the levy on solar generation, which has caused widespread debate and protests from the owners of the solar generation installations. Moreover, I discuss the reversals of the income tax examptions related to renewable electricity generation. The third part deals with finding of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic that reflects constitutional complaint of certain group of senators. This complaint postulated that aforementioned levy and reversal of the income tax exemption are unconstitutional, for they, according to those submitting the complaint, had retroactive effect and thus violated...
2

Les incidents liés à la protection juridique des investissements étrangers en Chine : effectivité des voies de recours / Incidents related to the legal protection of foreign investments in China : effectiveness of remedies

Davant, Jérôme 07 December 2010 (has links)
Ce travail de recherche a pour objectif d'apporter un éclairage et une compréhension sur l'évolution du droit des affaires en Chine et plus particulièrement sur les outils de protection des investissements pour les étrangers dans ce pays. Cet ouvrage analyse les incidents liés à la protection juridique des investissements étrangers ainsi que l'effectivité des voies de recours en cas de différents. / The objective of this thesis is to bring insights into the understanding of the evolution of business law in China and in particular on the tools of investment protection used by foreigners in this country. This paper analyses the events related to the protection of foreign investments as well as the efficiency of arbitrative solutions in the case of problems.
3

Proteção do investimento estrangeiro: o sistema do Centro Internacional para a Resolução de Disputas Relativas ao Investimento (CIRDI) e suas alternativas / Protection of foreign investment: the system of the international centre for the settlement of investment disputes (ICSID) and its alternatives.

Luis, Daniel Tavela 23 October 2013 (has links)
A proposta desta dissertação de mestrado é apresentar o mecanismo de solução de controvérsias investidor-Estado tipicamente utilizado nos Acordos de Promoção e Proteção de Investimento (APPIs) e já consolidado no Direito Internacional do Investimento a arbitragem de investimento segundo as regras do Centro Internacional para a Resolução de Disputas Relativas a Investimentos (CIRDI) e as alternativas (auto e heterocompositivas) a esse mecanismo, já debatidas internacionalmente. A justificativa fundamental para este estudo é a constatação de que o Brasil ocupa uma posição de destaque no cenário internacional, com um movimento crescente de internacionalização de empresas nacionais, mas sem uma política pública de apoio e proteção a essa internacionalização. Para cumprir este objetivo, a dissertação: (i) contextualiza a temática da proteção do investimento no âmbito do Direito Internacional Econômico, bem como apresenta as principais características dos Acordos de Promoção e Proteção de Investimentos, introduzindo a perspectiva brasileira sobre o assunto; (ii) apresenta a arbitragem de investimento, enquanto espécie de arbitragem distinta da arbitragem comercial e da arbitragem entre Estados; (iii) apresenta o CIRDI, indicando as características que objetivaram tornar a arbitragem realizada sob seus auspícios verdadeiramente internacional, e; (iv) apresenta as alternativas ao mecanismo do CIRDI, com especial enfoque à arbitragem de investimentos regulada por leis nacionais e protegida pela Convenção de Nova Iorque de 1958 sobre o Reconhecimento e Execução de Sentenças Arbitrais Estrangeiras. Em síntese, a dissertação conclui que: (a) A limitação à liberdade regulatória do Estado, em virtude dos compromissos internacionais assumidos visando a proteção e promoção do investimento, é uma decorrência das garantias legais substantivas dos APPIs e não uma decorrência direta do método de resolução de conflitos escolhido. b) O objetivo da cláusula de resolução de controvérsias investidor-Estado é criar um mecanismo neutro de solução de controvérsias, evitando sua susceptibilidade a influências políticas locais. (c) O CIRDI foi a organização internacional criada pelos Estados para administrar procedimentos internacionais de resolução de controvérsias investidor-Estado, que passou a ser criticada em virtude de três fatores: (i) inconsistência das decisões de tribunais arbitrais e comitês de anulação do CIRDI em assuntos sensíveis para os Estados; (ii) falta de transparência na condução dos processos; e (iii) falta de um mecanismos para mediar e resolver conflitos envolvendo os próprios árbitros. (d) Existem alternativas ao CIRDI, já implementadas e utilizadas internacionalmente. A primeira alternativa é o tradicional mecanismo da proteção diplomática. A segunda alternativa são os métodos auto compositivos de solução de controvérsias. A terceira é a arbitragem de investimento realizada fora dos auspícios do CIRDI e sujeita ao controle de cortes nacionais. (e) A proteção conferida pela Lei Modelo da UNCITRAL e a Convenção de Nova Iorque para a arbitragem de investimentos pode ser semelhante à conferida pela Convenção de Washington ao CIRDI, desde que observadas algumas peculiaridades da legislação e judiciário locais. / The purpose of this dissertation is to present the investor-State dispute resolution mechanism typically used in Agreements for the Promotion and Protection of Investments (APPIs) and already consolidated in International Investment Law investment arbitration pursuant to the rules of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) and the alternatives to this mechanism that have been discussed internationally. The fundamental reason for this dissertation is the acknowledgement that Brazil occupies an important position in the international scenario, with growing level of internationalization of Brazilian companies, but without a public policy for the support and protection of this internationalization. To fulfill this objective, the dissertation: (i) contextualize the investment protection theme under International Economic Law, as well as presents the main characteristics of the APPIs; (ii) introduces investment arbitration as an species of the gender arbitration, distinct from commercial arbitration and inter-State arbitration; (iii) introduces ICSID, indicating the characteristics that aimed to make arbitration under its rules truly international, and; (iv) introduces the alternatives to ICSID mechanism, with special emphasis to investment arbitration governed by national law and protected by the 1958 New York Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards. In a nutshell, the dissertation concludes that: (a) the limits to regulatory freedom of a State because of the international commitments assumed for the protection and promotion of investment are a consequence of substantive legal guarantees of the APPIs and not of the dispute resolution method chosen; (b) the objective of the investor-State dispute resolution provision is to create a neutral dispute resolution mechanism, avoiding local political influences; (c) ICSID was the international organization created by the States to administer international investor-State dispute resolution procedures now being criticized for three reasons: (i) inconsistencies of decisions by arbitral tribunals and annulment committees in sensitive issues to States; (ii) lack of transparency in the conduct of the proceedings; and (iii) lack of a mechanism to mediate and solve conflicts regarding the arbitrators; (d) there are alternatives to ICSID, some of which have already been implemented and used internationally. The first alternative is the classic method of diplomatic protection. The second alternative are the amicable dispute resolution methods. The third alternative is investment arbitration done outside of ICSIDs rules and subject to the control of national courts, pursuant to national Law; (e) the protection granted to investment arbitration by the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration and the New York Convention are similar to the protection granted to ICSID arbitration by the Washington Convention, as long as some peculiarities of the municipal law and courts are observed.
4

Proteção do investimento estrangeiro: o sistema do Centro Internacional para a Resolução de Disputas Relativas ao Investimento (CIRDI) e suas alternativas / Protection of foreign investment: the system of the international centre for the settlement of investment disputes (ICSID) and its alternatives.

Daniel Tavela Luis 23 October 2013 (has links)
A proposta desta dissertação de mestrado é apresentar o mecanismo de solução de controvérsias investidor-Estado tipicamente utilizado nos Acordos de Promoção e Proteção de Investimento (APPIs) e já consolidado no Direito Internacional do Investimento a arbitragem de investimento segundo as regras do Centro Internacional para a Resolução de Disputas Relativas a Investimentos (CIRDI) e as alternativas (auto e heterocompositivas) a esse mecanismo, já debatidas internacionalmente. A justificativa fundamental para este estudo é a constatação de que o Brasil ocupa uma posição de destaque no cenário internacional, com um movimento crescente de internacionalização de empresas nacionais, mas sem uma política pública de apoio e proteção a essa internacionalização. Para cumprir este objetivo, a dissertação: (i) contextualiza a temática da proteção do investimento no âmbito do Direito Internacional Econômico, bem como apresenta as principais características dos Acordos de Promoção e Proteção de Investimentos, introduzindo a perspectiva brasileira sobre o assunto; (ii) apresenta a arbitragem de investimento, enquanto espécie de arbitragem distinta da arbitragem comercial e da arbitragem entre Estados; (iii) apresenta o CIRDI, indicando as características que objetivaram tornar a arbitragem realizada sob seus auspícios verdadeiramente internacional, e; (iv) apresenta as alternativas ao mecanismo do CIRDI, com especial enfoque à arbitragem de investimentos regulada por leis nacionais e protegida pela Convenção de Nova Iorque de 1958 sobre o Reconhecimento e Execução de Sentenças Arbitrais Estrangeiras. Em síntese, a dissertação conclui que: (a) A limitação à liberdade regulatória do Estado, em virtude dos compromissos internacionais assumidos visando a proteção e promoção do investimento, é uma decorrência das garantias legais substantivas dos APPIs e não uma decorrência direta do método de resolução de conflitos escolhido. b) O objetivo da cláusula de resolução de controvérsias investidor-Estado é criar um mecanismo neutro de solução de controvérsias, evitando sua susceptibilidade a influências políticas locais. (c) O CIRDI foi a organização internacional criada pelos Estados para administrar procedimentos internacionais de resolução de controvérsias investidor-Estado, que passou a ser criticada em virtude de três fatores: (i) inconsistência das decisões de tribunais arbitrais e comitês de anulação do CIRDI em assuntos sensíveis para os Estados; (ii) falta de transparência na condução dos processos; e (iii) falta de um mecanismos para mediar e resolver conflitos envolvendo os próprios árbitros. (d) Existem alternativas ao CIRDI, já implementadas e utilizadas internacionalmente. A primeira alternativa é o tradicional mecanismo da proteção diplomática. A segunda alternativa são os métodos auto compositivos de solução de controvérsias. A terceira é a arbitragem de investimento realizada fora dos auspícios do CIRDI e sujeita ao controle de cortes nacionais. (e) A proteção conferida pela Lei Modelo da UNCITRAL e a Convenção de Nova Iorque para a arbitragem de investimentos pode ser semelhante à conferida pela Convenção de Washington ao CIRDI, desde que observadas algumas peculiaridades da legislação e judiciário locais. / The purpose of this dissertation is to present the investor-State dispute resolution mechanism typically used in Agreements for the Promotion and Protection of Investments (APPIs) and already consolidated in International Investment Law investment arbitration pursuant to the rules of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) and the alternatives to this mechanism that have been discussed internationally. The fundamental reason for this dissertation is the acknowledgement that Brazil occupies an important position in the international scenario, with growing level of internationalization of Brazilian companies, but without a public policy for the support and protection of this internationalization. To fulfill this objective, the dissertation: (i) contextualize the investment protection theme under International Economic Law, as well as presents the main characteristics of the APPIs; (ii) introduces investment arbitration as an species of the gender arbitration, distinct from commercial arbitration and inter-State arbitration; (iii) introduces ICSID, indicating the characteristics that aimed to make arbitration under its rules truly international, and; (iv) introduces the alternatives to ICSID mechanism, with special emphasis to investment arbitration governed by national law and protected by the 1958 New York Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards. In a nutshell, the dissertation concludes that: (a) the limits to regulatory freedom of a State because of the international commitments assumed for the protection and promotion of investment are a consequence of substantive legal guarantees of the APPIs and not of the dispute resolution method chosen; (b) the objective of the investor-State dispute resolution provision is to create a neutral dispute resolution mechanism, avoiding local political influences; (c) ICSID was the international organization created by the States to administer international investor-State dispute resolution procedures now being criticized for three reasons: (i) inconsistencies of decisions by arbitral tribunals and annulment committees in sensitive issues to States; (ii) lack of transparency in the conduct of the proceedings; and (iii) lack of a mechanism to mediate and solve conflicts regarding the arbitrators; (d) there are alternatives to ICSID, some of which have already been implemented and used internationally. The first alternative is the classic method of diplomatic protection. The second alternative are the amicable dispute resolution methods. The third alternative is investment arbitration done outside of ICSIDs rules and subject to the control of national courts, pursuant to national Law; (e) the protection granted to investment arbitration by the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration and the New York Convention are similar to the protection granted to ICSID arbitration by the Washington Convention, as long as some peculiarities of the municipal law and courts are observed.
5

Solutions to investor-state dispute settlement : Republic of South Africa vis-à-vis Australia

Mlauzi, Dumisani G. January 2016 (has links)
Magister Legum - LLM / The main objective of this paper is to critically analyse the solutions that countries are currently implementing in response to the much-debated issue that the conventional investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) regime limits a host-state's space to make regulations under public policy. Consequently, the paper makes recommendations on viable solutions that countries can implement as solutions to the ISDS problems. In order to conduct the study, this paper uses the solutions to ISDS problems that have been implemented by the Republic of South Africa (RSA) and Australia respectively. The paper also compares the solutions implemented by RSA and Australia with some internationally recognised solutions. Chapters two and three of the paper discuss the backgrounds and also analyse the solutions to ISDS that have been implemented by RSA and Australia respectively. Chapter four contains the main findings and arguments of the paper. It analyses the strengths and weaknesses of the ISDS solutions that have been implemented by RSA and Australia respectively. One of the main findings of the paper is that retaining the conventional ISDS regime is less beneficial to developing and least developed countries and more beneficial to developed countries, largely due to the differing levels of outward investments that are present in these categories of countries. The paper recommends, inter alia, that, unlike developed countries, developing countries and least-developed countries should abrogate the conventional ISDS regime and only retain it in particular circumstances as explained in chapter five. The paper recommends that ISDS should only be utilised where state-state arbitration would unnecessarily politicise an investment dispute. The paper also finds the use of domestic court as undesirable to investment disputes. The paper recommends mediation as a more balanced avenue for resolving investment disputes.

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