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O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar o efeito da modulação do dano muscular e da resposta inflamatória, com o uso de fototerapia, no efeito da carga repetida e na ativação da via PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K após a realização de cada uma das duas sessões de treinamento de força para membros inferiores. Vinte participantes foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais. Um dos grupos recebeu a fototerapia antes da realização da primeira sessão experimental e o outro grupo recebeu um tratamento placebo. A fototerapia consistiu na irradiação sobre o vasto lateral, o vasto medial e o reto femoral durante 90s, oferecendo uma dose de energia total de 180 J. As sessões de treinamento foram compostas de duas séries a 85% de 1-RM e duas séries a 120% de 1-RM com intervalo de dois minutos entre elas, nos exercícios leg-press e extensão de joelhos. Os marcadores indiretos de dano muscular (dor, amplitude de movimento, torque isométrico máximo, circunferência da coxa e creatina quinase) foram avaliados antes, 2h, 24h, 48h e 96h após o término de cada sessão de treinamento. Uma semana antes e duas horas após o término de cada sessão de treinamento, foram coletadas amostras de tecido muscular através da biópsia percutânea para análise da infiltração de células inflamatórias e das proteínas de interesse. Os resultados dessas variáveis demonstraram que a primeira sessão de treinamento induziu a ocorrência do dano muscular e da inflamação, mas a fototerapia não promoveu nenhum dos efeitos esperados sobre o dano e a inflamação. A expressão total das proteínas de interesse não foi afetada pela realização da sessão de treinamento e nem pela fototerapia. Antes do início da segunda sessão de treinamento, a quantidade de mTOR total estava mais elevada do que antes da primeira sessão. A repetição da sessão de treinamento resultou em alterações dos marcadores de dano muscular, mas a recuperação foi mais rápida do comparada com a primeira sessão, o que vai ao encontro do efeito da carga repetida (ECR). A inflamação foi semelhante entre as duas sessões. Da mesma forma que na primeira sessão, o treinamento não afetou a expressão total das proteínas de interesse. A maior quantidade de mTOR total pode significar uma adaptação protetora (ECR), aumentando a atividade mitocondrial e reduzindo o estresse oxidativo diminuindo assim a ocorrência do dano secundário / The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of muscle damage and inflammatory response modulation through phototherapy, on the repeated bout effect and PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K1 pathway activation after each of two lower-limbs resistance exercise bouts. Twenty participants were divided into two experimental groups. One of the groups was treated with phototherapy and the other one received a placebo. Phototherapy consisted of irradiating vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and the recto femoris muscles for 90s, applying a total energy dose of 180 J. Two sets at 85% of 1-RM and two sets at 120% of 1-RM were performed in the leg-press and leg extension exercises with a two-minute interval. Indirect markers of muscle damage (muscle soreness, range of motion, maximal isometric torque, thigh girth and creatine kinase, CK) were assessed before, 2h, 24h, 48, and 96h post exercise. One weekbefore and 2h after each exercise bout, percutaneous muscle biopsies were performed to obtain muscle samples to measure inflammatory cells infiltration and some proteins of interest. The results demonstrated that the first exercise bout induced muscle damage and inflammation, but phototherapy did not have any of the expected effects on muscle damage and inflammation responses. Total protein content was not affected by the resistance exercise bout neither by the phototherapy. Before the second bout, total mTOR was elevated compared to the first bout. Repeating a resistance exercise bout affected indirect markers of muscle damage,but recovery was faster compared to the first bout, which is in accordance to the repeated bout effect theory. Also, inflammation was similar after the two bouts. Similar to the first bout, the second exercise bout did not affect total protein content. The higher total mTOR content might represent a protective response which is part of the RBE, by increasing mitochondrial activity, reducing oxidative stress and consequently secondary damage

This thesis deals with sanctions and protective measures. The thesis primarily discusses types of sanctions and protective measures that may be imposed for administrative delicts; it also addresses circumstances to be considered in imposing sanctions. The goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the current law of sanctions and protective measures concerning administrative delicts. Various legal and practical problems and inadequately solved questions surrounding the imposition of sanctions are emphasized. Parts of the thesis, especially its conclusion, address a reform of administrative punishment and future legislative measures regarding this important function of organs of public administration. Chapter I focuses on sanctions for violations. The introduction to this chapter is rather theoretical and is devoted to definitions of basic concepts of administrative penalization. This part further defines the terms of "sanction" and "administrative punishment". The conclusion of this chapter then analyzes the purpose of sanctions and includes their list and a summary of past legal enactments. The second part of Chapter I contains an analysis of types of sanctions governed by the current statute of administrative delicts as well as other statutes. This part describes a reprimand, fine,...

Resumé The thesis deals with the topic of protective education. Protective education is a criminal law institute, which is not frequently imposed by the court. But this measure certainly carries out an irreplaceable function in the system of all measures. Nowadays, there is not such a publication which would be concerned just about the topic of protective education. The topic of protective education is usually published in connection with the issue of institutional care rather from a pedagogical point of view than a legal one. The aim of the master thesis is to provide comprehensive overview of legal analysis of protective education. The purpose is to evaluate legislation as well as to bring out the practices in the field of protective education. The thesis is devided into two parts. The first, theoretical part, is introduced by the chapter, which focuses on juvenile delinquency. The sanctioning of youth is very specific in comparison to sanctioning of adult offenders. It is highly important to emphasis on educational function of the measures. It is necessary to take this all into account when considering the possibilities of treatments with the deliquent youth. I devote this marginally in chapter 3. Chapter 4 is a focal point of the thesis. The chapter concerns the legal analyze of imposing the protective...

This thesis examines mothers’ risk perceptions and protective actions as they relate to their children’s environmental health. Children are more exposed and vulnerable than adults to environmental hazards, which have been found to be associated with numerous immediate and long-term negative health outcomes, due to physiological and behavioural factors. Despite the responsibility mothers typically bear as primary caregivers to their children, little is known about how they perceive and negotiate these risks in their day-to-day lives. To better understand mothers’ perceptions and associated protective actions across socioeconomic and geographic contexts, a mixed-method approach was employed involving a quantitative telephone survey (n=606) in Peel Region and Ottawa Public Health Units and qualitative face-to-face interviews (n=15) in Ottawa. Risk perceptions were influenced by income and perceived control, and concerns ranged from chemicals in household products to outdoor air pollution. There was a commonly reported perception that mothers should automatically become more concerned and take protective actions once they have children. When financial or other barriers prevented mothers from taking direct action to reduce risks, such as switching to safer products or changing food habits, they may have relied on emotion-focused coping techniques to reduce feelings of concern, including choosing to ignore risk information. Mothers’ information sources were examined to understand how risk information is best internalized; while the most common source of environmental health risk information was the Internet, many mothers expressed their mistrust in it and would have preferred to receive information directly from healthcare providers. This research contributes to the understanding of risk perception and protective action in a largely understudied population and the findings have practical implications for risk management and communication strategies targeting pregnant women and new mothers.

Academic achievement has been the focal point in education for decades. In 2001, an Act of Congress was proposed to improve individual outcomes in education through evidenced based research using measurable goals, higher standards, and accountability. This federal legislation, known as the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, mandates that all teachers be highly qualified by 2006 and that all students become proficient by the 2013/14 school year, specifically in the area of literacy. Consequently, kindergarten readiness has become an area of concern, thus placing preschool teachers under pressure to prepare children for school. The purpose of this study was to examine multiple factors that have been identified in the literature as impacting achievement in elementary and secondary education to ascertain their contribution toward literacy development in preschool children. Such factors included child (gender, race, home SES, attendance, behavior) and childcare site (teacher education, teacher experience, class size, site SES, class environment). Additionally, within-child protective factors were examined for their role in literacy development for children with and without challenging behaviors. To examine early literacy and behavior in preschool children, hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was conducted with literacy skills (expressive language and phonemic awareness) assessed at four points in time though the Individual Development and Growth Indicators (IGDI). A significant relationship was found between expressive language skills and race, attendance, classroom environment and class size. Phonemic awareness was significantly related to gender, home SES, and teacher education. Within-child protective factors positively impacted phonemic awareness skills for children in the non-challenging behavior group only. An in-depth description of the findings and limitations are discussed within this document. Overall, this study suggests that many of the factors impacting achievement in elementary and secondary education also impact literacy development in preschool children. These findings support the use of early intervention and preventative services for this population as a means to promote kindergarten readiness and future achievement.

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / It is commonly known that South African society is characterised by high rates of exposure to violence and traumatic events. However, there is a convincing body of knowledge that indicates that a significant proportion of young adults exposed to traumatic events do not develop negative, trauma-related symptoms, but rather adapt in a positive manner

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This diploma theses is about the study of the effect of individual components of printing compositions intended for material printing of identificaton codes, read by X-ray fluorescence. Two printing technologies were used – screen printing and pad printing. The composition of the print compositions has been optimized in term of visual recognition, print repeatability, a dry matter content providing an X-ray fluorescence signal, as well as optimization of the material print process leading to the creation of invisible identification tags for archive documents.

The Master’s thesis deals with study printing and optimization of a chemical labels with a code readable by XRF technique. The study is focusing on the identifiability of components in chemical code through data analysis in the Origin program environment and reproducibility of the analysis. The responses of the XRF signal on real samples of historical documents were studied and possible interfering elements were identified. Based on these analyses, a recommendation was formulated for the method of evaluating the obtained data, code analysis and also for the composition of the printing formulation.