Background: Neospora caninum is a parasite that causes disease, largely in cattle and dogs. It is a disease of significant interest within New Zealand due to its association with bovine abortion. The economic impact of bovine abortion justifies the development of a bovine vaccine against N. caninum. Aim: To develop and optimise diagnostic procedures for the detection of Neospora from a variety of blood and tissue samples and to isolate a New Zealand strain of Neospora caninum. Methods: A local strain of Toxoplasma gondii and an imported Neospora caninum strain, Nc-Liverpool, were used to optimise tachyzoite growing conditions in bovine endothelial (BE) cells and Vero host cell cultures. A serum study using 112 tissue culture flasks was performed to determine whether foetal bovine serum or horse serum supplemented media provided the optimal growing conditions for Nc-Liverpool tachyzoites. Nc-Liverpool tachyzoites were also used to determine the optimal growth period between passage, and harvest for cryopreservation and cryopreservation conditions. Percoll gradients were also tested using Nc-Liverpool tachyzoites. A known Neospora positive canine sample and murine tissues infected with Toxoplasma, were used during the development of the immunohistochemical diagnostic technique. Antibody concentrations and incubation temperatures were tested to reduce cross-reactivity and increase specific stain intensity. Immunohistochemistry was performed on sections of all tissue samples used for N. caninum isolation and experimentally infected murine tissue. Several PCR techniques were developed, the final PCR used being a combination of the different techniques, which produced a 250kb band. PCR-3 used the NF6/GA1 primer combination for Neospora detection and TF6/GA1 for Toxoplasma detection, additional Mg2+ and an annealing temperature of 55°C were required. Whole tissue was processed via DNA elution whereas cell culture and Percoll purified tachyzoites were used following crude lysis techniques. All bovine and canine tissues used for parasite isolation as well as all experimentally infected mouse tissues were tested for N. caninum using PCR. An immunoblot technique was developed for the detection of N. caninum antibodies in murine blood samples. Lysed Nc-Liverpool tachyzoites were used as antigen with varied results. The primary and secondary antibodies were commercially available and used at concentrations of 1:1,000 and 1:25,000 respectively. BALB/c and CF1 mice were experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii and Nc-Liverpool. Forty female BALB/c and 40 female CF1 mice were used in 2 studies to determine the optimal Nc-Liverpool inoculation dose and immunosuppression requirements. Mice were immunosuppressed with 2.5mg of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) and Nc-Liverpool inoculation ranged from 1.3x106 to 5x103 tachyzoites. Upon death, the brain and blood was harvested from the mouse carcases. Attempts were made to isolate a New Zealand strain of N. caninum from bovine and canine central nervous system (CNS) tissue, and to maintain the parasites in cell culture and by small animal passage, in order to attenuate the parasite strain for use as a live large animal vaccine. Twenty one bovine tissue samples were used for N. caninum isolation attempts, 18 of which were positive for Neospora antibodies using a commercial IFAT. Isolation tissues were purified using a 30% Percoll gradient and inoculated onto 8 cell culture flasks and into 8 immunosuppressed mice (BALB/c and CF1). Results: Nc-Liverpool tachyzoites were found to be viable when grown at 37°C in antibiotic-MEM supplemented with either FBS or ES and grew optimally in FBS despite Neospora antibodies being detected using an IFAT. Passaging cultures at approx. 4 day intervals resulted in the greatest parasite growth. However, cryopreserved parasites should be harvested 2 days post inoculation (PI) for optimal viability. Viable parasites could be isolated using a 30% Percoll gradient and centrifuged at 2,700 x g (3,400 rpm) in a bucket centrifuge for 10 minutes. Tissue cysts could be detected using immunohistochemistry but some degree of cross reaction remained despite optimisation. Cysts were not found in tissues used for isolation attempts or in mouse brains following inoculation with Nc-Liverpool, however cysts were commonly found in mice experimentally infected with T. gondii tachyzoites. PCR-3 was successfully used to detect N. caninum and T. gondii infected tissue and tachyzoites from tissue culture. PCR-3 could detect N. caninum DNA in the brain tissue of 9/24 mice experimentally infected with Nc-Liverpool, even though most mice were culled within 1 week. Although production of N. caninum antigen was only moderately successful, N. caninum antibody detection in mouse blood using one specific antigen batch was reliable and specific. The immunoblot could only detect N. caninum antibody approximately 14 days PI, but was sensitive enough to detect 100% of mice experimentally infected with Nc-Liverpool tachyzoites. PCR-3 strongly correlated with the immunoblot results from 14 days PI. BALB/c mice were found to be far more sensitive to Nc-Liverpool than CF1 mice and developed severe disease at concentrations of approximately 1x106 Nc-Liverpool tachyzoites. Neither BALB/c nor CF1 mice developed peritoneal exudate, irrespective of the parasite inoculation concentration. Despite Neospora DNA being present in the brains of experimentally infected mice, re-isolation and continuous parasite passage from the brains could not be achieved. No mice experimentally infected with either Nc-Liverpool or isolation attempts were found to have brain cysts when tested using immunohistochemistry. Only 1 mouse inoculated with bovine isolation material was found to have a Neospora positive PCR. Through the detection of DNA, antigens and antibodies, parasites were determined to have been present in 10 of the 18 IFAT positive bovine isolation samples, indicating that 55% of calves born to seropositive dams were infected with N. caninum. However, despite numerous attempts to isolate Neospora parasites from naturally infected canine and bovine tissue and culturing using the optimised Nc-Liverpool technique, maintenance of a live culture of a New Zealand strain of N. caninum could not be established. Conclusions: Findings from this study could be used to assist in the maintenance of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii parasite strains and for detection or diagnosis of these parasites in host tissues.

Background: Neospora caninum is a parasite that causes disease, largely in cattle and dogs. It is a disease of significant interest within New Zealand due to its association with bovine abortion. The economic impact of bovine abortion justifies the development of a bovine vaccine against N. caninum. Aim: To develop and optimise diagnostic procedures for the detection of Neospora from a variety of blood and tissue samples and to isolate a New Zealand strain of Neospora caninum. Methods: A local strain of Toxoplasma gondii and an imported Neospora caninum strain, Nc-Liverpool, were used to optimise tachyzoite growing conditions in bovine endothelial (BE) cells and Vero host cell cultures. A serum study using 112 tissue culture flasks was performed to determine whether foetal bovine serum or horse serum supplemented media provided the optimal growing conditions for Nc-Liverpool tachyzoites. Nc-Liverpool tachyzoites were also used to determine the optimal growth period between passage, and harvest for cryopreservation and cryopreservation conditions. Percoll gradients were also tested using Nc-Liverpool tachyzoites. A known Neospora positive canine sample and murine tissues infected with Toxoplasma, were used during the development of the immunohistochemical diagnostic technique. Antibody concentrations and incubation temperatures were tested to reduce cross-reactivity and increase specific stain intensity. Immunohistochemistry was performed on sections of all tissue samples used for N. caninum isolation and experimentally infected murine tissue. Several PCR techniques were developed, the final PCR used being a combination of the different techniques, which produced a 250kb band. PCR-3 used the NF6/GA1 primer combination for Neospora detection and TF6/GA1 for Toxoplasma detection, additional Mg2+ and an annealing temperature of 55°C were required. Whole tissue was processed via DNA elution whereas cell culture and Percoll purified tachyzoites were used following crude lysis techniques. All bovine and canine tissues used for parasite isolation as well as all experimentally infected mouse tissues were tested for N. caninum using PCR. An immunoblot technique was developed for the detection of N. caninum antibodies in murine blood samples. Lysed Nc-Liverpool tachyzoites were used as antigen with varied results. The primary and secondary antibodies were commercially available and used at concentrations of 1:1,000 and 1:25,000 respectively. BALB/c and CF1 mice were experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii and Nc-Liverpool. Forty female BALB/c and 40 female CF1 mice were used in 2 studies to determine the optimal Nc-Liverpool inoculation dose and immunosuppression requirements. Mice were immunosuppressed with 2.5mg of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) and Nc-Liverpool inoculation ranged from 1.3x106 to 5x103 tachyzoites. Upon death, the brain and blood was harvested from the mouse carcases. Attempts were made to isolate a New Zealand strain of N. caninum from bovine and canine central nervous system (CNS) tissue, and to maintain the parasites in cell culture and by small animal passage, in order to attenuate the parasite strain for use as a live large animal vaccine. Twenty one bovine tissue samples were used for N. caninum isolation attempts, 18 of which were positive for Neospora antibodies using a commercial IFAT. Isolation tissues were purified using a 30% Percoll gradient and inoculated onto 8 cell culture flasks and into 8 immunosuppressed mice (BALB/c and CF1). Results: Nc-Liverpool tachyzoites were found to be viable when grown at 37°C in antibiotic-MEM supplemented with either FBS or ES and grew optimally in FBS despite Neospora antibodies being detected using an IFAT. Passaging cultures at approx. 4 day intervals resulted in the greatest parasite growth. However, cryopreserved parasites should be harvested 2 days post inoculation (PI) for optimal viability. Viable parasites could be isolated using a 30% Percoll gradient and centrifuged at 2,700 x g (3,400 rpm) in a bucket centrifuge for 10 minutes. Tissue cysts could be detected using immunohistochemistry but some degree of cross reaction remained despite optimisation. Cysts were not found in tissues used for isolation attempts or in mouse brains following inoculation with Nc-Liverpool, however cysts were commonly found in mice experimentally infected with T. gondii tachyzoites. PCR-3 was successfully used to detect N. caninum and T. gondii infected tissue and tachyzoites from tissue culture. PCR-3 could detect N. caninum DNA in the brain tissue of 9/24 mice experimentally infected with Nc-Liverpool, even though most mice were culled within 1 week. Although production of N. caninum antigen was only moderately successful, N. caninum antibody detection in mouse blood using one specific antigen batch was reliable and specific. The immunoblot could only detect N. caninum antibody approximately 14 days PI, but was sensitive enough to detect 100% of mice experimentally infected with Nc-Liverpool tachyzoites. PCR-3 strongly correlated with the immunoblot results from 14 days PI. BALB/c mice were found to be far more sensitive to Nc-Liverpool than CF1 mice and developed severe disease at concentrations of approximately 1x106 Nc-Liverpool tachyzoites. Neither BALB/c nor CF1 mice developed peritoneal exudate, irrespective of the parasite inoculation concentration. Despite Neospora DNA being present in the brains of experimentally infected mice, re-isolation and continuous parasite passage from the brains could not be achieved. No mice experimentally infected with either Nc-Liverpool or isolation attempts were found to have brain cysts when tested using immunohistochemistry. Only 1 mouse inoculated with bovine isolation material was found to have a Neospora positive PCR. Through the detection of DNA, antigens and antibodies, parasites were determined to have been present in 10 of the 18 IFAT positive bovine isolation samples, indicating that 55% of calves born to seropositive dams were infected with N. caninum. However, despite numerous attempts to isolate Neospora parasites from naturally infected canine and bovine tissue and culturing using the optimised Nc-Liverpool technique, maintenance of a live culture of a New Zealand strain of N. caninum could not be established. Conclusions: Findings from this study could be used to assist in the maintenance of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii parasite strains and for detection or diagnosis of these parasites in host tissues.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:47:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3607737 bytes, checksum: dbd15c8d04b7d9820c8e41dbf7068c3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-13 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This project aims at studying the dynamics of Giardia cysts Cryptosporidium oocysts. in São Bartolomeu stream (SB) watershed, Viçosa, Minas Gerais. In this sense, three studies were carried out: Study 1 - the impact caused by animal populations on the parasitological quality of SB water. Study 2 - enteroparasites prevalence among children residing in the SB watershed area. Study 3 - evaluation of SB microbiological and parasitological water quality parameters. In Study 1, from January 2003 to January 2004, water samples were collected every three months from the eight sampling points allocated within SB watershed, along with samples of animal feces from 40 farms, from two swinebreeding farms wastewaters, and from the final effluent of Romão dos Reis neighborhood sewage treatment plant (STP). The occurrence of enteroparasites in humans was surveyed in two communities living within SB watershed, focusing at the infant population, from zero to ten years old, from July 2004 to June 2005. In the same period Romão dos Reis STP effluent and SB water sample was monitored for protozoa. From January to June 2007, as part of the Study 3, water samples form the eight above mentioned sampling points, Romão dos Reis STP effluent, and a swine-breeding wastewater were also monitored for protozoa. The water quality was monthly evaluated for anaerobic and aerobic bacteria spores, and biweekly for streptococcus, enterococcus, E. coli, total coliforms and Giardia and Cryptosporidium (oo)cysts. In addition, the water flow and turbidity was also measured. High concentrations of protozoa were found in water samples all over the study period In Study 1, the arithmetic means of Giardia and Cryptosporidium were respectively, 20.2 and 15.3 (oo)cysts/L. The average prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in cattle farms was, respectively, 36.4 18.0%., being the difference statistically significant (p = 0.0002). The results of children feces exams, showed an absence of Cryptosporidium, but Giardia as the enteroparasite of highest prevalence (6.1%). High concentrations of both protozoa were found in Romão dos Reis STP final effluent (cysts of. in the order of around 104 Giardia cysts per liter and 102 Cryptosporidium oocysts per liter), in swine-breeding wastewaters (up to 103 Giardia cysts per liter and 102 Cryptosporidium oocysts per liter). In Study 3 the occurrence of protozoa in water samples was found to be correlated with rain and water turbidity (p < 0.01). The occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium was also associated to the presence of anaerobic spores and Clostridium perfringens (p < 0.05). Also, a negative correlation was found between the occurrence of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. and wooded areas, though not statistically significant (p < 0.05). The results indicate that animal breeding and human settlements in São Bartolomeu stream watershed contribute to its water contamination, regarding the presence of protozoa oocysts. The lack of protection measures of this drinking-water source may pose risks of disease transmission. / Esse projeto objetivou estudar a dinâmica de (oo)cistos de Giardia spp. e de Cryptosporidium sp. na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão São Bartolomeu (RSB). Foram desenvolvidos três estudos: o Estudo 1 avaliou a influência de populações animais na alteração da qualidade parasitológica do RSB; o Estudo 2 avaliou a prevalência de enteroparasitas em crianças residentes na área da bacia e o Estudo 3 objetivou avaliar parâmetros da qualidade microbiológica da água e correlação com variáveis de uso do solo e cobertura vegetal. No primeiro estudo, foram coletadas, trimestralmente, entre janeiro de 2003 a janeiro de 2004, amostras de água bruta de oito pontos, amostras de fezes de animais de 40 propriedades e amostras do esgoto de duas suinoculturas e do efluente de uma Estação de Tratamento de esgotos do Bairro Romão dos Reis (ETE-Romão dos Reis), todos localizados na bacia hidrográfica do RSB. No segundo estudo, desenvolvido entre julho de 2004 e junho de 2005, pesquisou-se enteroparasitas na população humana de zero a dez anos de idade residente em duas comunidades localizadas na bacia. No mesmo período, o efluente da ETE-Romão dos Reis e a água do RSB foram monitorados para a presença de protozoários. No Estudo 3, entre janeiro e junho de 2007, realizou-se pesquisa de esporos anaeróbios e aeróbios (mensalmente), estreptococos, enterococos, E. coli, coliforme totais e (oo)cistos de Giardia e Cryptosporidium (quinzenalmente) em amostras de água bruta dos oitos pontos de coleta de água do Estudo 1. Também o efluente da ETERomão dos Reis e de uma suinocultura foram monitorados, quinzenalmente, para pesquisa de estreptococos, enterococos e (oo)cistos de Giardia e Cryptosporidium. Adicionalmente, realizaram-se medições de turbidez da água bruta e vazão dos córregos pesquisados. No Estudo 1, encontramos elevadas concentrações de protozoários na água bruta em todos os períodos estudados (médias aritméticas: 20,2 e 15,3 (oo)cistos/L para Giardia e Cryptosporidium, respectivamente). A prevalência média de propriedades positivas (bovino) foi de 36,4% para Giardia spp. e 18,0% para Cryptosporidium spp. sendo a diferença estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,0002). Dentre os enteroparasitas identificados nas amostras de fezes humanas, observou-se maior prevalência para Giardia (6,1%) e ausência de Cryptosporidium. Elevadas concentrações de ambos os protozoários foram identificadas no efluente da ETE-Romão dos Reis (104 cistos de Giardia spp./L e 102 oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp./L para) e das suinoculturas (103 cistos de Giardia spp./L e 102 oocistos de Cryptosporidium/L). No Estudo 3, observamos existência de correlação entre protozoários na água, pluviosidade e turbidez (p < 0,01). A ocorrência de Giardia e Cryptosporidium também esteve correlacionada à presença de esporos anaeróbios e Clostridium perfringens (p < 0,05). Observamos correlação negativa entre a ocorrência de Giardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp. e a presença de mata/capoeira, embora não estatisticamente significativa (p > 0,05 ). Os resultados indicam que explorações animais e populações humanas existentes nas sub-bacias que integram a bacia hidrográfica do RSB contribuem para a contaminação da água superficial, quanto à presença de (oo)cistos de protozoários, deteriorando, por sua vez, o manancial de abastecimento de água para consumo humano. Nesse sentido, a ausência de cuidados específicos que visem a proteção da bacia do manancial de abastecimento de água para consumo humano pode implicar em risco de transmissão de doenças às populações consumidoras.

Submitted by JOÃO PAULO RAMOS COSTA null (jpramoscosta@hotmail.com) on 2016-02-25T13:30:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_João_Paulo_Ramos_Costa.pdf: 3560400 bytes, checksum: 7b30b4c8363f3e9135f4b6977b1e5ac2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-02-26T16:28:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_jpr_dr_jabo.pdf: 3560400 bytes, checksum: 7b30b4c8363f3e9135f4b6977b1e5ac2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T16:28:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_jpr_dr_jabo.pdf: 3560400 bytes, checksum: 7b30b4c8363f3e9135f4b6977b1e5ac2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-02 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da virginiamicina (VM) via suplemento mineral e altura pastos (AP) sobre o desempenho, parâmetros sanguíneos, fermentação ruminal, microorganismos ruminais e produção de N microbiano. O estudo foi dividido em dois experimentos. Capítulo 1: Oitenta tourinhos Nelore (inicial BW = 258 ± 15 kg) foram blocados por peso e distribuídos aleatoriamente em 16 piquetes (5 animais / piquete) arranjados em um fatorial 2 × 2: suplemento mineral sem VM (SVM) ou com VM e AP [15 e 35 cm (15AP e 35AP, respectivamente)]. Os animais que receberam VM tiveram maior GMD (P <0,01). Como esperado, o 35AP apresentou maior GMD (P <0,01). A VM não afetou a ingestão de suplemento mineral por PV (ISPV) nem por animal (ISA) (P = 0,49 e P = 0,55, respectivamente) e 15AP mostrou um maior ISPV e ISA (P <0,01 e P <0,01 , respectivamente). Albumina sanguínea foi maior em VM (P <0,01) e tendeu ser maior (P = 0,07) em 35AP. A concentração de ureia no sangue tendeu a diminuir em VM (P = 0,06) e foi maior (P <0,01) em 15AP. A concentrações de NEFA e de cálcio foram maiores (P = 0,007 e P = 0,038, respectivamente) em VM. Capítulo 2: Doze Touros Nelore (PV inicial = 334 ± 47 kg) canulados no rúmem foram designados no mesmo tratamento citados acima em três quadrados latino balanceado 4 × 4. O CMS foi maior no 15AP (P <0,01) do que em 35AP. A amônia-N tendeu a ser maior em VM (P = 0,07). A proporção de nenhuma das bactérias ruminais foram afetados (P > 0,10), excepto R. flavefaciens que tendeu a aumentar em 35AP (P = 0,08), enquanto que a contagem de protozoários totais aumentou (P = 0,03) e o género Entodinium tendeu a aumentar (P = 0,05) em VM. A VM aumento do ácido úrico (P <0,01) e tendeu a aumentar a excreção derivados de purinas (PD; P = 0,074), as purinas absorvidas (AP; P = 0,07), fluxo de N microbiano (NMIC; P = 0,07) e o índice de PDC (P = 0,07)]. Portanto, o efeito da VM parece estar mais relacionada ao aumento do fluxo de N microbiano para o intestino provocado pelo aumento dos protozoários ruminais do que a fermentação ruminal. / The objective was evaluate the effect of virginiamycin (VM) via mineral supplement and two swards height (SH) on performance, blood metabolites, ruminal fermentation, ruminal microorganisms and microbial N production. The trial was divided in two experiments. Chapter 1: Eighty Nellore young Bulls (initial BW = 258 ± 15 kg) were blocked by weight and randomly assigned into 16 paddocks (5 animals/paddock) arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design: mineral supplement without VM (WVM) or with VM and two SH [15 and 35 cm (15SH and 35SH, respectively)]. The animals receiving VM had higher ADG (P < 0.01). As expected, the 35SH had higher ADG (P < 0.01). VM had no effect on mineral supplement intake by BW (MSIBW) or mineral supplement intake by animal (MSIA) (P = 0.49 and P = 0.55, respectively) and 15SH showed a greater MSIBW and MSIA (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). Blood albumin was greater in VM (P < 0.01) and tended to be greater (P = 0.07) in 35SH. The blood urea concentration tended to decrease in VM (P = 0.06) and was higher (P < 0.01) in 15SH. Plasma NEFA and calcium concentrations were greater (P = 0.007 and P = 0.038, respectively) in VM. Chapter 2: Twelve Nellore steer (initial BW = 334 ± 47) ruminally cannulated were used in three 4 × 4 balanced Latin square were assigned in the same treatment arrangement cited above. The DMI was greater (P < 0.01) in 15SH than in 35SH. Ammonia-N tended to be higher in VM (P = 0.07). None ruminal bacteria proportion were affected (P > 0.10), except R. flavefaciens that tended to increase in IV 35SH (P = 0.08), while total protozoa counts increased (P = 0.03) and the Entodinium genus tended to increase (P = 0.05) in VM. The VM increased uric acid (P < 0.01) and tended to increase the purines derivatives excretion (PD; P = 0.074), absorbed purines (AP; P = 0.07), microbial N flow (NMIC; P = 0.07) and the PD: creatinine ratio index [PDC index (P = 0.07)]. Therefore, the VM effect seems to be more related to increasing the N microbial flow to the intestine caused by incresing of ruminal protozoa than the ruminal fermentation. / FAPESP: 2012/02166-1

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:41:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:06:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP / FAPESP:09/50926-1

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The aim of this work was to characterize the chemical diversity of the essential oil from Varronia curassavica plants collected in Sergipe, to evaluate the effect of microwave extraction (MI) and hydrodistillation (HD) of essential oil from Varronia curassavica Jacq. on its chemical composition and antifungal activity and to evaluate the antiprotozoal activities of the essential oil and major compounds against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, fish parasite. High chemical diversity was observed among the V. curassavica plants, which are distributed within the chemical groups, regardless of the collection site, probably due to genetic differences between plants studied. The compounds found in higher contents in the essential oils of the plants were tryciclene, camphene, E-caryophyllene, β-sesquiphelandrene, α-zingiberene, 7-cyclodecen-1-ona, 7-methyl-3-methylene-10-(1-propyl) and turmerone, which defined the formation of five groups according to the chemical composition and differentiation by means of cluster analysis. By cluster analysis, there was formation of five chemical groups. The essential oil of the plants from the clusters 2, 4 and 5 inhibited approximately 75% of the mycelial growth of Lasiodiplodia theobromae, after 96 hours of incubation. The essential oil from V. curassavica access VCUR-201 was extracted by HD and MI. To HD method were tested 3 extraction times (100, 120 and 140 minutes) and 3 volumes of water (1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 L). To MI method, 3 powers were tested (500, 600 and 700W), 3 times (20, 30 and 40 minutes) and 3 volumes of water (0, 25 and 50 mL). The optimal essential oil contents for the extraction methods were 700W for 40 min. without water (MI) (3.28%), and 120 min. with 1.0 L of water per flask (HD) (3.34%). The most abundant compounds for MI (700W for 40 min. without water) and HD (120 min. with 1.0 L of water/flask) were shyobunol (26.53 and 24.00%) and germacrene D-4-ol (3.60 and 10.23%). Micrographs of the surface of leaves, obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), after essential oil extraction, showed that both extraction methods caused destruction of glandular trichomes. The essential oils (0.5%) obtained by MI2 (700W for 40 min. with 50 mL of water per sample) and HD1 (100 min. with 1.0 L of water per flask) resulted in 80.3% and 79.7% of inhibition of mycelial growth of C. musae, respectively. The essential oils from three V. curassavica access VCUR-001, VCUR-509 and VCUR-601, the majority compounds α-pinene, sabineno and the mixture E-caryophyllene more viridiflorol exhibited toxicity against I. multifiliis trophont and tomont phases. It was possible to confirm that the majority compounds tested are mainly responsible for the antiprotozoal activity displayed by the essential oils that contains them. Damage caused to the integrity of the membrane in trophonts and rupture of the cyst wall in tomonts seems to be the leading cause of death from protozoans incubated with essential oils of V. curassavica and isolated compounds. The essential oil of V. curassavica features potential for the control of phytopathogenic fungi and fish parasites. In the future it may be used in formulations for use in agriculture. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar quimicamente os óleos essenciais de plantas de erva-baleeira coletadas no Estado de Sergipe, avaliar o efeito da extração do óleo essencial por micro-ondas (MI) e hidrodestilação (HD) sobre a composição química e atividade antifúngica e avaliar a atividade antiprotozoária do óleo essencial e de compostos majoritários contra o parasita de peixes Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Alta diversidade química foi observada entre as plantas de Varronia curassavica estudadas. Os compostos encontrados em maiores teores foram tricicleno, canfeno, E-cariofileno, β-sesquifelandreno, α-zingibereno, 7-ciclodecen-1-ona, 7-metil-3-metileno-10-(1-propil) e turmerona, que definiram a formação de cinco grupos de acordo com a composição química e análise de agrupamento. O óleo essencial das plantas pertencentes aos grupos II, IV e V inibiu aproximadamente 75% do crescimento micelial de Lasiodiplodia theobromae, após 96 horas de incubação. O óleo essencial do acesso de V. curassavica VCUR-201 foi extraído por HD e MI. Para HD foram testados 3 tempos de destilação (100, 120 e 140 minutos) e 3 volumes de água (1,0; 1,5 e 2,0L). Para MI foram testados 3 potências (500, 600 e 700W), 3 tempos (20, 30 e 40 minutos) e 3 volumes de água (0, 25 e 50 mL). O óleo essencial obtido de dois tratamentos de HD (100 min., 1,0L de água e 140 min., 2,0L de água) e dois tratamentos de MI (500W, 20 min., 0 água e 700W, 40 min. e 50mL de água) foram utilizados no ensaio de atividade antifúngica contra Colletotrichum musae. Os maiores valores para teor de óleo essencial para os métodos de extração foram 700W por 40 min. sem água para MI (3,28%) e 120 min. com 1,0 L de água para HD (3,34%). Os compostos mais abundantes para MI (700W, 40 min. sem água) e HD (120 min. com 1,0 L de água/balão) foram shyobunol (26,53 e 24,00%) e germacreno D-4-ol (3,60 e 10,23%). Micrografias da superfície das folhas, obtidos por microscopia eletrônica de varredura após a extração do óleo essencial, mostraram que ambos os métodos de extração causou a destruição de tricomas glandulares. Os óleos essenciais (0,5%), obtidos por MI2 (700W durante 40 min., com 50 ml de água por amostra) e HD1 (100 min. com 1,0 L de água) resultou em 80,3% e 79,7% de inibição do crescimento micelial de C. musae, respectivamente. Os óleos essenciais de três acessos de V. curassavica: VCUR-001, VCUR-509 e VCUR-601 e os compostos majoritários α-pineno, sabineno, e a mistura E-cariofileno mais viridiflorol exibiram toxicidade contra I. multifiliis nas fases trofonte e tomonte. Foi possível confirmar também que os compostos majoritários testados são os principais responsáveis pela atividade antiparasitária exibida pelos os óleos essenciais que os contém. Danos causados à integridade da membrana nos trofontes e rompimento da parede do cisto nos tomontes parece ser a principal causa de morte dos protozoários incubados com os óleos essenciais de V. curassavica e compostos isolados. O óleo essencial de V. curassavica apresenta potencial para o controle de fungos fitopatogênicos e parasitas de peixes. Futuramente poderá ser utilizado em formulações para uso na agropecuária.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The aim of this work was to characterize the chemical diversity of the essential oil from Varronia curassavica plants collected in Sergipe, to evaluate the effect of microwave extraction (MI) and hydrodistillation (HD) of essential oil from Varronia curassavica Jacq. on its chemical composition and antifungal activity and to evaluate the antiprotozoal activities of the essential oil and major compounds against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, fish parasite. High chemical diversity was observed among the V. curassavica plants, which are distributed within the chemical groups, regardless of the collection site, probably due to genetic differences between plants studied. The compounds found in higher contents in the essential oils of the plants were tryciclene, camphene, E-caryophyllene, β-sesquiphelandrene, α-zingiberene, 7-cyclodecen-1-ona, 7-methyl-3-methylene-10-(1-propyl) and turmerone, which defined the formation of five groups according to the chemical composition and differentiation by means of cluster analysis. By cluster analysis, there was formation of five chemical groups. The essential oil of the plants from the clusters 2, 4 and 5 inhibited approximately 75% of the mycelial growth of Lasiodiplodia theobromae, after 96 hours of incubation. The essential oil from V. curassavica access VCUR-201 was extracted by HD and MI. To HD method were tested 3 extraction times (100, 120 and 140 minutes) and 3 volumes of water (1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 L). To MI method, 3 powers were tested (500, 600 and 700W), 3 times (20, 30 and 40 minutes) and 3 volumes of water (0, 25 and 50 mL). The optimal essential oil contents for the extraction methods were 700W for 40 min. without water (MI) (3.28%), and 120 min. with 1.0 L of water per flask (HD) (3.34%). The most abundant compounds for MI (700W for 40 min. without water) and HD (120 min. with 1.0 L of water/flask) were shyobunol (26.53 and 24.00%) and germacrene D-4-ol (3.60 and 10.23%). Micrographs of the surface of leaves, obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), after essential oil extraction, showed that both extraction methods caused destruction of glandular trichomes. The essential oils (0.5%) obtained by MI2 (700W for 40 min. with 50 mL of water per sample) and HD1 (100 min. with 1.0 L of water per flask) resulted in 80.3% and 79.7% of inhibition of mycelial growth of C. musae, respectively. The essential oils from three V. curassavica access VCUR-001, VCUR-509 and VCUR-601, the majority compounds α-pinene, sabineno and the mixture E-caryophyllene more viridiflorol exhibited toxicity against I. multifiliis trophont and tomont phases. It was possible to confirm that the majority compounds tested are mainly responsible for the antiprotozoal activity displayed by the essential oils that contains them. Damage caused to the integrity of the membrane in trophonts and rupture of the cyst wall in tomonts seems to be the leading cause of death from protozoans incubated with essential oils of V. curassavica and isolated compounds. The essential oil of V. curassavica features potential for the control of phytopathogenic fungi and fish parasites. In the future it may be used in formulations for use in agriculture. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar quimicamente os óleos essenciais de plantas de erva-baleeira coletadas no Estado de Sergipe, avaliar o efeito da extração do óleo essencial por micro-ondas (MI) e hidrodestilação (HD) sobre a composição química e atividade antifúngica e avaliar a atividade antiprotozoária do óleo essencial e de compostos majoritários contra o parasita de peixes Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Alta diversidade química foi observada entre as plantas de Varronia curassavica estudadas. Os compostos encontrados em maiores teores foram tricicleno, canfeno, E-cariofileno, β-sesquifelandreno, α-zingibereno, 7-ciclodecen-1-ona, 7-metil-3-metileno-10-(1-propil) e turmerona, que definiram a formação de cinco grupos de acordo com a composição química e análise de agrupamento. O óleo essencial das plantas pertencentes aos grupos II, IV e V inibiu aproximadamente 75% do crescimento micelial de Lasiodiplodia theobromae, após 96 horas de incubação. O óleo essencial do acesso de V. curassavica VCUR-201 foi extraído por HD e MI. Para HD foram testados 3 tempos de destilação (100, 120 e 140 minutos) e 3 volumes de água (1,0; 1,5 e 2,0L). Para MI foram testados 3 potências (500, 600 e 700W), 3 tempos (20, 30 e 40 minutos) e 3 volumes de água (0, 25 e 50 mL). O óleo essencial obtido de dois tratamentos de HD (100 min., 1,0L de água e 140 min., 2,0L de água) e dois tratamentos de MI (500W, 20 min., 0 água e 700W, 40 min. e 50mL de água) foram utilizados no ensaio de atividade antifúngica contra Colletotrichum musae. Os maiores valores para teor de óleo essencial para os métodos de extração foram 700W por 40 min. sem água para MI (3,28%) e 120 min. com 1,0 L de água para HD (3,34%). Os compostos mais abundantes para MI (700W, 40 min. sem água) e HD (120 min. com 1,0 L de água/balão) foram shyobunol (26,53 e 24,00%) e germacreno D-4-ol (3,60 e 10,23%). Micrografias da superfície das folhas, obtidos por microscopia eletrônica de varredura após a extração do óleo essencial, mostraram que ambos os métodos de extração causou a destruição de tricomas glandulares. Os óleos essenciais (0,5%), obtidos por MI2 (700W durante 40 min., com 50 ml de água por amostra) e HD1 (100 min. com 1,0 L de água) resultou em 80,3% e 79,7% de inibição do crescimento micelial de C. musae, respectivamente. Os óleos essenciais de três acessos de V. curassavica: VCUR-001, VCUR-509 e VCUR-601 e os compostos majoritários α-pineno, sabineno, e a mistura E-cariofileno mais viridiflorol exibiram toxicidade contra I. multifiliis nas fases trofonte e tomonte. Foi possível confirmar também que os compostos majoritários testados são os principais responsáveis pela atividade antiparasitária exibida pelos os óleos essenciais que os contém. Danos causados à integridade da membrana nos trofontes e rompimento da parede do cisto nos tomontes parece ser a principal causa de morte dos protozoários incubados com os óleos essenciais de V. curassavica e compostos isolados. O óleo essencial de V. curassavica apresenta potencial para o controle de fungos fitopatogênicos e parasitas de peixes. Futuramente poderá ser utilizado em formulações para uso na agropecuária.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:41:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:06:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Os hidrogéis foram obtidos a partir de material polimérico reticulado por processo de radiação ionizante de acordo com a técnica de Rosiak. Nos últimos 40 anos o uso dos hidrogéis têm sido investigado para diversas aplicações como curativos. Neste trabalho foram sintetizadas membranas de hidrogéis com poli(N-2- pirolidona) (PVP), poli(álcool vinílico) (PVAl), quitosana e argila laponita em encapsulamento do fármaco para liberação controlada de glucantime sobre a superfície cutânea de tecidos lesados por leishmaniose. O tratamento tradicional dos pacientes infectados pelos parasitas é feito com antimoniato pentavalente de forma injetável. Entretanto estes antimoniatos são muito tóxicos e provocam efeitos colaterais nestes pacientes, além disso, pacientes portadores de doenças cardíacas e renais não podem fazer uso deste tratamento. No tratamento com membranas de hidrogéis aplicadas na superfície de tecidos lesados pela leishmaniose, o fármaco é liberado diretamente no ferimento de forma controlada, diminuindo os efeitos colaterais. As membranas preparadas neste trabalho foram caracterizadas por difração de raios X (DRX), análise de termogravimetria (TG), intumescimento, fração gel, espectroscopia no infravermelho (FTIR), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia de força atômica (AFM). As caracterizações funcionais foram feitas com teste de citotoxicidade e de liberação do fármaco in vitro e in vivo, de acordo com o protocolo de ética do Instituto de Medicina Tropical do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP. O teste \"in vivo\" dessas membranas provou ser eficiente na liberação controlada de fármacos diretamente nas superfícies lesadas pela leishmaniose. Nos testes \"in vivo\" as membranas de PVP/PVAl/argila 1,5% e glucantime apresentaram evidente contribuição para redução do ferimento chegando a uma cura clínica. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP / FAPESP:09/50926-1

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-12-13T12:21:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 isabelmartinelecorrea.pdf: 473111 bytes, checksum: fef90be37cc2eb87e8dcbc88e8d3a4a5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-12-15T14:08:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 isabelmartinelecorrea.pdf: 473111 bytes, checksum: fef90be37cc2eb87e8dcbc88e8d3a4a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-15T14:08:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 isabelmartinelecorrea.pdf: 473111 bytes, checksum: fef90be37cc2eb87e8dcbc88e8d3a4a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-23 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os protozoários ciliados do rúmen integram a microbiota ruminal e junto das bactérias, fungos e protozoários flagelados participam da digestão fermentativa nos ruminantes. Entretanto, o papel desempenhado por estes microorganismos no metabolismo do hospedeiro apresenta pontos controversos os quais se devem em parte, à complexidade da dinâmica populacional e às relações estabelecidas com o hospedeiro e demais microorganismos ruminais. Objetivou-se caracterizar as populações de protozoários ciliados no rúmen de ovinos mestiços Santa Inês, verificando os efeitos da estacionalidade e aspectos relacionados às variações diurnas destas populações. Foram utilizados cinco ovinos mestiços Santa Inês, fistulados no rúmen, mantidos em pastagem natural de caatinga, no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas em julho de 2005, período correspondente à estação chuvosa, e em janeiro de 2006, durante a estação seca. A composição botânica da dieta dos animais foi determinada através da análise da extrusa. Os horários de coleta das amostras de conteúdo ruminal seguiram o tempo de soltura dos animais, sendo a primeira coleta antes de se soltar os animais (zero hora) e às duas, quatro, seis, oito e dez horas após o animal estar em campo, sendo as amostras fixadas em formalina 18,5% (v/v). A dieta alimentar dos ovinos durante a estação chuvosa foi predominantemente composta por espécies vegetais herbáceas e na estação seca por espécies arbustivas o que retrata o efeito da xvi estacionalidade no hábito alimentar dos ovinos. Foram identificados e quantificados organismos dos gêneros Dasytricha, Diplodinium, Diploplastron, Entodinium, Eodinium, Elytroplastron, Enoploplastron, Epidinium, Eremoplastron, Eudiplodinium, Isotricha, Metadinium e Ophryoscolex, sendo os gêneros Enoploplastron e Eodinium observados apenas na estação chuvosa. Diplodinium, Elytroplastron, Metadinium e Ophryoscolex não apresentaram variações na concentração de suas populações em função da estação do ano. Observou-se a predominância de organismos do gênero Entodinium nas estações chuvosa e seca; entretanto, na estação seca houve significativo decréscimo na concentração deste gênero, e aumento de outros entodiniomorfos e de isotriquídeos. O número total de protozoários foi significativamente reduzido durante a estação seca. Diploplastron e Entodinium apresentaram variações na concentração de suas populações em função do horário de amostragem. O número de ciliados em divisão não apresentou correlação com o horário de amostragem, sendo que a estabilidade das taxas de divisão parece contribuir para a manutenção das concentrações dos ciliados no rúmen. O pH ruminal apresentou correlação negativa com o tempo de amostragem, não estando correlacionado com o número de protozoários, provavelmente porque as variações observadas compreenderam valores considerados ideais para o estabelecimento e manutenção das populações de protozoários no rúmen. Foi constatado o comportamento predatório de Elytroplastron sobre Enoploplastron, Epidinium e Entodinium; além de canibalismo entre organismos do gênero Elytroplastron. Evidências do comportamento alimentar foram obtidas através do registro da ingestão de fibras e formação de grânulos de amido no citoplasma, o que evidencia a atividade celulolítica e amilolítica atribuída a estes microorganismos no ambiente ruminal. / The ciliate protozoan of the rumen are part of the ruminal microbiota, and together with bacteria, fungus and flagellate protozoa, they participate of the fermentative digestion of the ruminants. However, there are controversial aspects about the hole of these microorganisms it the metabolism of the host, in part due to the complexity of the population dynamics, and also to the interrelations between protozoan, the host, and other ruminal microorganisms. The objective of this work was to characterize the ciliate protozoa populations in the rumen of Santa Inez crossbred sheep, verifying the effects of the seasonality and also aspects related to the diurnal changes of these populations. It was used five sheep fistulated in the rumen, maintained in natural pasturage of caatinga (scrubland) vegetation at the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The samples were collected in july 2005 (rainy season) and january 2006 (dry season). The composition of animals diet was determined through the extrusa analysis. The samples were obtained at intervals of two hours, being the first sample took before the releasing of the animals, in a total of six samples. The samples were fixed in formalin at 18, 5% (v/v). The feed composition of the sheep during the rainy season was predominantly composed of herbaceous species, and at the dry season by species shrub, denoting the effect of the seasonality on the sheep feed habits. It was identified and quantified Dasytricha, Diplodinium, Diploplastron, Entodinium, Eodinium, xviii Elytroplastron, Enoploplastron, Epidinium, Eremoplastron, Eudiplodinium, Isotricha, Metadinium e Ophryoscolex. Eodinium and Enoploplastron genders were observed just at the rainy season. Diplodinium, Elytroplastron, Metadinium and Ophryoscolex didn’t show variations in the population concentration as a function of the season. It was observed the predominance of the gender Entodinium at both seasons; however, at the dry season it was noted significant decrease in the concentration of this gender, and increase in greater ophryoscolecidae and Isotrichidae. The total number of protozoa was significantly reduced during the dry season. Diploplastron and Entodinium showed variations in their populations concentrations, due to the time of sampling. The number ciliates undergoing division was not correlated with the sampling times. Stable division rate appears to contribute to maintenance of ciliates concentrations in the rumen. The ruminal pH was negatively correlated with sampling times, and was not correlated with the number of protozoa, probably because the variations observed included parameters considered ideal for establishment and maintenance protozoa populations of rumen. It was observed predatory behavior of Elytroplastron on Enoploplastron, Epidinium and Entodinium; besides cannibalism between organisms of the Elytroplastron gender. The registration of fiber ingestion and starch granules formation at the cytoplasm indicates cellulolytic and amilollytic activities, attributed to these microorganisms in the ruminal environment.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-07-29T18:15:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Disssertação - Jean Sardinha de Almeida - 2016.pdf: 1339332 bytes, checksum: 418c173cb4b8d6405108b91607c5d13d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-01T13:32:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Disssertação - Jean Sardinha de Almeida - 2016.pdf: 1339332 bytes, checksum: 418c173cb4b8d6405108b91607c5d13d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-01T13:32:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Disssertação - Jean Sardinha de Almeida - 2016.pdf: 1339332 bytes, checksum: 418c173cb4b8d6405108b91607c5d13d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-01 / The objective this paper was evaluate the inlcusion of crude extract of Croton urucurana Baillon or composed of essential oil of cashew and castorbean oil or monensin on the degradability of dry matter and fiber in vitro and dry matter in situ and fermentation ruminal metabolic parameters in beef cattle. The experiment was conducted in the Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB) and the School of Veterinary and Animal Science of the Federal University of Goiás – GO, from August 2015 until January 2016. There were four treatments through in vitro technique: control, monensin, Croton urucurana Baillon, biophytus (functional oil composed of cashew and castorbean), with five repetitions. Were evaluated the parameters of degradability of dry matter. Metabolic analysis and in situ was through four animals distributed in a Latin square, were measured glucose, urea, urea nitrogen in the blood, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, albumin, total bilirubin and factions, creatinine, Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglyceride and lactate dehydrogenase. Ruminal parameters were determined by protozoa count, ammonia nitrogen, pH, short chain fatty acids, bacterial reductive activity. The experimental design was completely at random. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The treatments did not increase the IVDMD (P> 0.05). There was no significant effect (P> 0.05) of the treatments on in vitro degradation parameters of DM and NDF in all evaluated times. For MS degradability in situ parameters, there was a significant effect (P <0.05) between treatments for soluble and effective degradation fraction with 2% by pass rate. The DM intake, had significant difference (P <0.05) between treatments, with lower consumption for monensin with admission was independent of diet type, either directly via the rumen cannula, it can be show that the lower consumption of diet with monensin supplementation is not by means of sensory but physiological and metabolic mechanisms. There was no significant effect (P> 0.05) for pH between treatments, but the collections after feeding was significant (P <0.05) monensin treatment, occurring up before feeding up two hours. Acetic acid levels were significant (P <0.05) for the hours of collection. The levels of butyric acid was affected by treatments (P <0.05) and not the hours of collection (P> 0.05). The concentrations of AST, GGT, LDH FA and was not affected by treatments (P> 0.05). The inclusion of essential oils, Croton urucurana Baillon and monensin in beef cattle diets hay base has not improved the evaluated parameters. The effective degradability of dry matter had better results with the inclusion of functional oils composed cashews and castorbeans. The intake was influenced by monensin and functional oil in addition the fuction of the two are similar, can be used one over the other. / Objetivou-se por meio do presente trabalho avaliar a inclusão de extrato bruto de Croton urucurana Baillon, e composto de óleo essencial de caju e mamona e monensina sódica sobre a degradabilidade da matéria seca e fibra in vitro e matéria seca in situ, e a fermentação ruminal e parâmetros metabólicos em bovinos de corte. O experimento foi conduzido no Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) e na Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Goiás – GO no período de agosto de 2015 a janeiro de 2016. Foram quatro tratamentos por meio da técnica in vitro: controle, monensina, sangra d’água, Biophytus (óleo funcional composto de caju e mamona), com cinco repetições onde foram avaliados os parametros da degradabilidade da matéria seca. As análises metabólicas e em in situ foram por meio de quatro animais distribuídos em um quadrado latino, onde foram mensuradas glicose, ureia, nitrogênio ureico no sangue, aspartato aminotransferase, fosfatase alcalina, gama glutamil transpeptidase, albumina, bilirrubina total, bilirrubina direta e indireta, creatinina, colesterol total, HDL, LDL, VLDL, lactato desidrogenase e triacilglicerol. Os parâmetros ruminais foram determinados por meio da contagem de protozoários, nitrogênio amoniacal, pH, ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, atividade redutiva bacteriana. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado. As médias foram submetidas à análise de variância e comparadas pelo teste de Tuckey a 5% probabilidade. Os tratamentos não aumentaram a DIVMS, (P>0,05). Não houve efeitos significativo (P>0,05) dos tratamentos sobre os parâmetros de degradação in vitro de MS e FDN em nenhum dos tempos avaliados. Para os parâmetros de degradabilidade da MS in situ, houve efeito significativo (P<0,05), entre os tratamentos para a fração solúvel e degradação efetiva com 2% de taxa de passagem. O consumo de MS apresentou diferença significativa (P < 0,05) entre os tratamentos, com um menor consumo para monensina, visto que a sua admissão foi de forma independente da dieta, os seja diretamente no rúmen via cânula, pode-se afirmar que o menor consumo da dieta com suplementação de monensina não se dá por meio de mecanismos sensoriais e sim fisiológicos e metabólicos. Não houve efeito significativo (P > 0,05) para o pH entre os tratamentos, mas para as coletas após a alimentação foi significativo (P < 0,05) para o tratamento monensina, ocorrendo um aumento de antes da alimentação até duas horas após. Os níveis do ácido acético foram significativos (P<0,05) para a horas de coletas. Os níveis do ácido butírico foi afetado pelos tratamentos (P<0,05) e não pelas horas de coleta (P>0,05). As concentrações das enzimas AST, GGT, FA e LDH não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos (P>0,05). A inclusão de óleo funcional, sangra d’ água e monensina em dietas de bovinos de corte a base de feno não melhorou os paramentos avaliados. A degradabilidade efetiva da matéria seca apresentou melhores resultados com a inclusão de óleos funcionais compostos caju e mamona. O consumo foi influenciado pela monensina e o óleo funcional, além disso, o comportamento dos dois foram similares e podem ser usados um em detrimento ao outro.