Unga vuxna är en grupp som i allt större utsträckning söker stöd för sina psykiska svårigheter. Att hitta samtalsformer som är verksamma är därför av stor vikt för målgruppen. På S:t Lukas Stockholmsmottagning har man valt att erbjuda unga i åldrarna 18-29 år ”Upp till fyra samtal” – en form av problemformulerande samtal eller counselling. Genom att sätta sig mer in i hur terapeutens arbete gestaltar sig i den här typen av kortare samtalskontakt, kan stödet till målgruppen förhoppningsvis utvecklas ytterligare. Frågeställningar: Hur arbetar terapeuterna på S:t Lukas Stockholmsmottagning i counselling med målgruppen unga vuxna? Hur upplever terapeuterna arbetet med metoden och målgruppen? Metod: I undersökningen tillämpades en kvalitativ, deskriptiv metod där data samlades in med hjälp av bandinspelade, kvalitativa halvstrukturerade intervjuer. En tematisk analys användes som bearbetningsmetod. Resultat: Studien visar att terapeuternas arbetssätt till viss del skiljer sig åt, främst när det gäller hur de hanterar ramen och inriktningen på interventioner. I upplevelsen är terapeuterna eniga i att motöverföringen är stark och ofta konfliktfylld, men de uppger inget behov av handledning. Skillnader från den ursprungliga metoden framkom även i den yttre ramen, främst i avsaknaden av handledning. Diskussion: Terapeuternas olika arbetssätt diskuterades samt avvikelser från metodens ursprungliga form. Orsaker till terapeuternas avsaknad av behov av handledning diskuterades utifrån arbetet med den komplexa målgruppen och organisatoriska aspekter. / Young adults seek help for their psychological problems to an increasing extent. Finding effective forms of therapy is of great importance for this group. At the S:t Lukas office in Stockholm, young adults aged 18-29 are offered “Up to four sessions” – a problem focused form of counselling. By learning more about how the therapist works with and experiences this counselling, the support for the target group might be further improved. Research questions: How do the therapists at S:t Lukas office in Stockholm work in counselling with young adults? What are their experiences from working with the method and the target group? Method: A qualitative, descriptive method was used, where data was collected through recorded semi-structured interviews. When processing the data a thematic analysis was applied. Results: The study shows that the therapists’ ways of working differ in how they handle the frame and what kind of interventions they use. The therapists all experience a strong countertransference, often conflictual, but they do not express any need for supervision. Deviations from the original method were also found in the outer frame, mainly in the lack of supervision. Discussion: The therapists’ different ways of working were discussed and also how the method seems to have changed from its original model. The reasons why the therapists do not express any need for supervision were discussed in relation to the complex target group and organizational factors.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Duquesne University, 2004. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-118).

The therapeutic relationship has been a cornerstone of the theory and practice of psychotherapy since it first emerged as a healing modality. Research has extensively reported on the therapeutic relationship and its role in the outcomes of psychotherapy. Despite the vast research on the therapeutic relationship, little qualitative exploration has focused on both patient and therapist lived experience. Using a hermeneutic phenomenological qualitative methodology, this study examined the lived experiences of both patients and therapists, within the same therapeutic relationship in a South African context. Three patients and three therapists (i.e. 3 patient-therapist dyads) were interviewed using in-depth semi-structured individual interviews (six interviews in total) to explore their experience of the relationship they developed during therapy, and the meanings that have been made of this. Through thematic analysis, using interpretation to deepen the analysis, several themes and subthemes were identified. Both patients’ and therapists’ lived experiences of the therapeutic relationship in psychodynamic psychotherapy clustered around three major and somewhat similar themes, with various sub-themes. Patients’ lived experiences of the therapeutic relationship centred around the following themes and sub-themes: therapist’s therapeutic approach (holding the patient in mind—knowing them; non-judgmental stance; providing an objective presence— perspective; and a consistent presence), facilitating therapeutic factors (mutuality; and therapist self-disclosure), and process within the relationship (describing the relationship—a lifeline; moment of meeting; change; and the relationship over time). Whilst therapist-participants’ experiences of the therapeutic relationship held somewhat similar themes with subtle differences, namely, patient qualities, facilitating therapeutic factors (holding and containing; theoretical orientation; use of technique; and supportive factors for therapists), and process within the relationship (describing the relationship—intimate yet formal; moment of meeting; change; and the relationship over time). Similarities and differences between patient and therapist experiences are examined that may influence the therapeutic relationship. Conclusions are discussed with a consideration of the limitations of the study as well as implications for future research, practice, and training. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Psychology / MA / Unrestricted

Inledning: Den intersubjektiva relation som uppstår i terapirummet har beskrivits som en faktor för förändring. Terapeut och patient befinner sig i en relation där samspelet påverkar dem båda och skapar ny förståelse - för dem båda. Syftet var att undersöka psykodynamiska psykoterapeuters erfarenheter av att samtala med patienter om terapirelationen utifrån ett här-och-nu-perspektiv. Frågeställningar: Hur ser psykoterapeuters erfarenheter av samtal om relationen i terapirummet ut?  Vilka aspekter beskrivs som betydelsefulla för psykoterapeuter då patient - terapeutrelationen fokuseras? Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem psykoterapeuter. Vid analysen användes tematisk metod. Resultat: Att vara i relation med patienter innebar erfarenheter av att visa sig, hitta sin stil samt klä relationen i ord. Samtalet om den ömsesidiga relationen beskrevs som en utmaning. Att hitta en rytm tillsammans med patienten och att växla mellan positionerna deltagande och observerande terapeut framhölls som viktigt. Det relationella samspelet gav upphov till unika möten och en förundran över både människans och samspelets komplexitet. Diskussion: Det fanns en vilja att dela med sig av sig själv, samtidigt som svårigheter uppstod. Möjligheterna med relationellt arbete övervägde riskerna, men det beskrevs som krävande. Professionell och relationell trovärdighet framkom som betydelsefulla aspekter för deltagarna då patient - terapeutrelationen fokuserades. / Introduction: The intersubjective relationship in the therapy room has been described as a factor for change. Therapist – patient interplay creates new understanding for both of them. The purpose was to explore psychodynamic psychotherapists' experiences of talking with patients about the therapeutic relationship from a here and now - perspective. Questions: What do psychotherapists´ experiences of relational work in therapy look like? What aspects are described as important for psychotherapists when focusing on the patient - therapist relationship? Method: Semistructured interviews with five psychotherapists. Thematic method was used when analyzing the material. Results: Relational work meant experiences of self-disclosure, discovering therapeutic style and describing the relationship in words. Conversation about the mutual relationship was described as challenging. Finding a mutual rythm with the patient and altering between participatory and observational therapist positions was emphasized as important. Relational work led to unique encounters and a chance to marvel at human and interplay complexity. Discussion: There was a willingness to share in relation with the patient, but difficulties arose. Possibilities of relational work outweighed risks, and it was described as demanding. Professional and relational credibility emerged as important aspects for the participants when focusing on the patient - therapist relationship.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts, Clinical Psychology. Johannesburg, September 1992 / No abstract provided.

This descriptive research addressed the challenges of working with the conscious and unconscious aspects of diversity in order to enhance insights into covert and deeper diversity dynamics in organisations. The research supported the evolving trend of shifting the systems psychodynamic orientation from the group to the individual context. The general aim was to describe a systems psychodynamic coaching model, and to determine its trustworthiness in assisting executives to work effectively with conscious and unconscious diversity dynamics. Literature was reviewed to provide a theoretical foundation of diversity challenges which executives face in South African organisations. This was augmented by systems psychodynamic literature, which provided a theoretical basis upon which to understand the intrapsychic aspects of the executives and their interplay with systemic dynamics. The empirical study was conducted over ten months to determine the trustworthiness of executive coaching in diversity from a systems psychodynamic perspective. Data was gathered using the organisational role analysis approach, and analysed by means of the systems psychodynamic discourse analysis method. Nine major themes and their related sub-themes were identified, namely, gender, race, ethnicity, authority, disability, language, age, de-authorisation of diversity work, and the coaching process. Through the coaching, the executives gained insights into their intrapsychic environment and the complex, multifaceted and intersecting nature of diversity in their organisations. They were assisted to take up their leadership roles more effectively and to take action on behalf of their organisations. The research hypothesis formulated and the conclusion made was that executive coaching from a systems psychodynamic perspective displays trustworthiness. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Consulting Psychology)

This descriptive research addressed the challenges of working with the conscious and unconscious aspects of diversity in order to enhance insights into covert and deeper diversity dynamics in organisations. The research supported the evolving trend of shifting the systems psychodynamic orientation from the group to the individual context. The general aim was to describe a systems psychodynamic coaching model, and to determine its trustworthiness in assisting executives to work effectively with conscious and unconscious diversity dynamics. Literature was reviewed to provide a theoretical foundation of diversity challenges which executives face in South African organisations. This was augmented by systems psychodynamic literature, which provided a theoretical basis upon which to understand the intrapsychic aspects of the executives and their interplay with systemic dynamics. The empirical study was conducted over ten months to determine the trustworthiness of executive coaching in diversity from a systems psychodynamic perspective. Data was gathered using the organisational role analysis approach, and analysed by means of the systems psychodynamic discourse analysis method. Nine major themes and their related sub-themes were identified, namely, gender, race, ethnicity, authority, disability, language, age, de-authorisation of diversity work, and the coaching process. Through the coaching, the executives gained insights into their intrapsychic environment and the complex, multifaceted and intersecting nature of diversity in their organisations. They were assisted to take up their leadership roles more effectively and to take action on behalf of their organisations. The research hypothesis formulated and the conclusion made was that executive coaching from a systems psychodynamic perspective displays trustworthiness. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Consulting Psychology)

Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African primary health care (PHC)system is in a period of transition. This, and the growing HIV epidemic, place tremendous strain on PHCworkers in public health services. Staff morale is low and this results in turnover and poor quality of care. Therefore, staff need to be supported, so that they are better equipped to provide quality care for patients. This dissertation describes a process of action research that aimed to explore possibilities for staff-support interventions to health teams in the public PHCsector. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, group interviews, focus group discussions and consultation sessions, with health staff and middle managers. Data were analysed using a grounded theory approach, with the assistance of the Atlas.ti 4.1 software package.The interpretation of data was informed by psychoanalytic and open systems theories. Four cycles of action research were conducted. The first action stage involved a qualitative assessment of the nature of stressors in the PHC system. The second action stage describes the experiences of two staff teams from a health prevention clinic and a day hospital (curative service) as they prepared to merge and integrate aspects of service delivery. In the third action stage the research team explored the feasibility of a short programme aimed at building capacity amongst middle and facility level managers to act as containers for staff stresses. However, due to external factors the programme was not completed. The final action stage describes interviews with selected participants to reflect on the effects of the current action research process on them and their work. The current research suggests that a psychodynamic approach may be a useful component of action research in health settings. This approach makes room for interpretation of unconscious processes in the stress experiences of health workers, and has the potential to move health staff and management to alternative modes of functioning and coping. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Primêre gesondheidsdienste in Suid Afrika is tans in 'n proses van transisie. Die toenemende druk wat die VIGS-epidemie op gesondheidsdienste plaas, maak dit eweneens moeilik vir gesondheidswerkersom aan te pas by 'n gedurig-veranderende stelsel. Dit bring mee dat moraal laag is, baie werkers die publieke sektor verlaat en gehalte van dienslewering verswak. Hierdie situasie noodsaak dat programme ontwikkel moet word om gesondheidswerkerste ondersteun in hul werk, sodat hulle beter toegerus is om kwaliteit sorg aan pasiënte te verleen. Hierdie proefskrif beskryf aksienavorsing wat gedoen is met die doelom ondersteuningsprogramme vir gesondheidswerkers en hulpwerkers in openbare primêre gesondheidsdienste te ontwikkel. Individuele en in-groepsverband in-diepte onderhoude, asook fokusgroepbesprekings en konsultasies met gesondheidswerkers en middelvlak-bestuurders is gevoer om data in te samel. Data-ontleding was gedoen volgens die gegronde teorie aanslag en die Atlas.ti 4.1 sagteware pakket Is vir hierdie doel gebruik. Teorieë van psigoanalise en oop stelsels is deurgans geraadpleeg met die interpretasie van bevindinge. Die navorsingsproses bestaan uit vier siklusse van aksienavorsing. In die eerste navorsingsiklus is ~ie aard van stress in the publieke primêre gesondheidstelsel ondersoek. Die tweede siklus behels 'n beskrywing van die ervaringe van twee personeelgroepe soos hulle gereed gemaak het om aspekte van hulonderskeie dienslewering te integreer met die oprigting van 'n gemeenskaplike gesondheidsentrum. Die derde siklus beskryf die implementering van 'n kort program wat gerig is daarop om middel-vlak en diens-bestuurdersvaardighede aan te leer om personeel beter te ondersteun. Eksterne invloede het meegebring dat hierdie opleidingsprogram nie ten volle uitgevoer kon word nie. In die finale siklus is onderhoude met geselekteerde deelnemers gevoer om te bepaal hoe deelname aan die aksienavorsingsproses hulle in hul persoonlike hoedanigheid asook In die uitvoering van hul pligte beïnvloed het. Die huidige navorsing stel voor dat die psigodinamiese benadering 'n gepaste komponent van aksienavorsing in publieke gesondheidsomgewingskan wees, omdat hierdie benadering Insig kan verleen tot die onbewuste prosesse wat gesondheidswerkersse belewenis van stres beïnvloed, en verder ook die potensiaal het om gesondheidswerkers en bestuurders tot alternatiewe funksionering en hantering van stres te motiveer.

Inledning: Psykoterapeutisk ram är ett fenomen som är grundläggande att upprätta under terapeututbildning. Vad psykoterapeutstudenter faktiskt uppfattar och kan beskriva utgör en kvalitetssäkring av vad studenter uppfattar behövs i form av ram i förhållande till patienter men också i förhållande till utbildningssituationen. Att jämföra med rådande teori och empiri. Syftet med studien var att låta psykoterapeutstudenter beskriva sin uppfattning om vad som konstituerar fenomenet ram i psykodynamisk terapi. Frågeställningar: Vad uppfattar och beskriver psykoterapeutstudenter som psykodynamisk terapeutisk ram? Metod: Föreliggande studie har en hermeneutisk ansats och bearbetningsmetod är kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Datainsamlingsmetod är intervjuer. Resultat: Resultatet av frågeställningen visar sig som tre kategorier med underkategorier. Kategori ett är kär-lek, med underkategorier som ansvar och mellanmänsklighet. Kategori två är medvetenhet, med underkategorier som fysiska budskap, kontinuitet och omdöme. Kategori tre är potential, med underkategorier som symbolisera och integrera. Diskussion: Vad psykoterapeutstudenter beskriver som konstanter i psykodynamisk terapeutisk ram harmonierar framförallt med det som i litteratur och forskning beskrivs som inre- och yttre -ram. Resultatet har få konstanter i form av meta ram vilket kan förstås som att det finns en omedvetenhet i att upprätta meta ram. I förlängningen begränsar denna omedvetenhet studenters påverkan på utbildning och profession. / Introduction: Psychotherapeutic frame is a phenomenon which is fundamental to establish during therapist education. What psychotherapists students actually understand and can describe constitute a quality assurance of what students perceive is needed in form of frame, in relation to the patients but also in relation to the educational situation. To be compared with the prevailing theory and empiricism. The aim of the study was to let psychotherapist students describe their idea of what constitutes the phenomenon frame of psychodynamic therapy. Issues: What perceive and describe psychotherapist students as psychodynamic therapeutic frame? Method: This study has a hermeneutical approach and processing method is qualitative content analysis. The data collection method is interviews. Results: The result of the issue manifests as three categories with subcategories. Category one is love-play, with subcategories as responsibility and interpersonal. Category two is awareness, with subcategories as physical messages, continuity and opinion. Category three is potential, with subcategories as symbolize and integrate. Discussion: What psychotherapist students describe as constants in psychodynamic therapeutic frame, harmony above all with what the literature and research describes as inner and outer frame. The result has few constants in the form of meta- framework, which may be understood as that there is a lack of awareness in establishing meta- frame. In the extension this unawareness limits students influence on education and profession.

Inledning: Personer med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning drabbas oftare än andra av psykisk ohälsa och hamnar lätt i destruktiva livsmönster. De upplever ofta att de har svårt att få adekvat och anpassad behandling. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka psykoterapeuters upplevelse av psykodynamisk psykoterapi med personer med lindrig till måttlig intellektuell funktionsnedsättning som lider av psykisk ohälsa. Frågeställningar: Hur beskriver psykodynamiskt inriktade psykoterapeuter den psykoterapeutiska processen i arbetet med personer med lindrig till måttlig intellektuell funktionsnedsättning? Vad beskriver terapeuterna som verksamt och hur ser de på behandlingsresultaten med målgruppen? Metod: Sex psykoterapeuter intervjuades utifrån en kvalitativ, deskriptiv ansats. Resultat: Vid analys av materialet framträdde ett antal teman. 1. Terapeuternas beskrivning av de olika faserna i den terapeutiska processen. 2. Yttre faktorer som kan påverka terapierna med målgruppen. 3. Den intellektuella funktionsnedsättningens betydelse. 4. Terapeutiska utmaningar i arbetet med målgruppen. 5. Det verksamma i terapierna. 6. Förutsättningarna runt terapeuten. Diskussion: Resultatet visar att de intervjuade terapeuterna upplever att psykodynamisk psykoterapi med lindrig-måttlig intellektuell funktionsnedsättning kan vara meningsfullt och verksamt. Vissa aspekter och behovet av att anpassa det terapeutiska arbetet beskrivs som centrala i arbetet med målgruppen. / Introduction: People with intellectual disabilities are affected more than others by mental illness and can easily fall into destructive patterns of life. They often feel that they have difficulty getting adequate and appropriate treatment. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate psychotherapists experience of psychodynamic psychotherapy with individuals with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities who suffer from mental illness. Issues:How do psychodynamic oriented psychotherapists describe the psychotherapeutic process in working with people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities? What do the therapists describe as active and helpful and how do they look at the results of treatment? Method: Six psychotherapists were interviewed based on a qualitative, descriptive approach. Results: When analyzing the material a number of themes appeared: 1. The therapist description of the phases of the therapeutic process. 2. External factors that can influence therapies with the target group. 3. The intellectual disabilities significance. 4. Therapeutic challenges in the work with the target group. 5. The active and helpful. 6. The conditions around the therapist. Discussion: The result shows that the interviewed therapists feel that psychodynamic psychotherapy with mild-moderate intellectual disabilities can be meaningful and effective. Some specific aspects and the need to adapt the therapeutic work is described as central in the work with the target group.