Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2008. / Härtill 3 uppsatser.

Bakgrund Personer med psykisk sjukdom är en utsatt grupp i samhället. De stigmatiseras, diskrimineras och löper större risk att drabbas av och dö i allvarliga somatiska sjukdomar. Kopplingar har tidigare gjorts mellan detta och att sjukvården är bristande för dessa patienter. Syfte Syftet med studien var att undersöka sjuksköterskors uppfattningar om patienter med psykisk sjukdom på somatiska avdelningar och hur dessa sammanfaller med tidigare erfarenheter, utbildning och kunskapsnivå. Metod I studien har kvantitativ design tillämpats. En enkät med nio icke-öppna frågor delades ut till alla sjuksköterskor på tre vårdavdelningar med somatisk vård. Resultat Sjuksköterskorna kände oftare eller i högre grad otillräcklighet, empati, att det var jobbigt och distans. Patienterna uppfattades också i högre grad som krävande, oförutsägbara, utsatta och manipulativa. Majoriteten av sjuksköterskorna såg ingen skillnad viljan att gå in till patienter med psykisk sjukdom jämfört med andra. Olika bakgrundsfaktorers påverkan på dessa resultat kunde endast i få fall påvisas​.​ Sjuksköterskans antal år i yrket kunde dock kopplas till positiv utveckling på flera punkter. Slutsats Sjuksköterskorna uppgav både negativa och fientliga känslor och uppfattningar i mötet med patienter med psykisk sjukdom. Uppfattningarna och känslorna var även positiva och stödjande. Då underlaget var litet kan resultaten inte generaliseras. Studien kan dock vara bidragande till att uppmärksamma sjuksköterskors uppfattningar av patienter med psykisk sjukdom så att ytterligare förbättring kan ske och reducering vad gäller fördomar och stigmatisering. Detta för att kunna möjliggöra en bättre omvårdnad för dessa patienter. Större studier och vidare forskning inom området behövs. / Background People suffering from mental illness are a vulnerable group in today’s society. They are stigmatized, discriminated and have an increased risk of obtaining and dying from severe somatic illness. Earlier studies have shown a correlation between these facts and a deficiency in the health care of these patients. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate nurses’ attitudes towards patients suffering from mental illness in the somatic ward and if this can be related to previous experiences of mental illness, education and knowledge. Methods This study is based on a quantitative, survey methods. A questionnaire of nine closed-ended questions was distributed to all nurses in three somatic care departments. Results The results show that the nurses most often have feelings of inadequacy, empathy, concern and distance towards mentally ill patients. These patients were also percieved as more demanding, unpredictable, vulnerable and manipulative. The majority of the nurses saw no difference in their willingness to tend to patients with mental illness. Various background factors effect on these results could only be observed in a few cases. However, a relation was observed between the nurse’s degree of professional experience and a positive development in several ways. Conclusion The nurses reported negative and hostile as well as positive and supporting feelings and attitudes in their encounter with mentally ill patients. Because of a small amount of material the results cannot be generalized. Nevertheless, the study could contribute to an increased awareness regarding nurses’ attitudes towards patients with mental illness and thus aid in the process of reducing prejudice and improve health care for these patients. Further research in this subject is needed.

Bakgrund: Hysterektomi är den näst vanligaste förekommande operationen för kvinnor i fertil ålder och innebär att livmodern avlägsnas. Hysterektomi genomförs dels för att minska symtom vid myom, endometrios, blödningsrubbningar eller framfall, dels som en livräddande åtgärd vid gynekologiska maligniteter, eller akut vid förlossningskomplikationer.Syfte: Syftet var att belysa kvinnors upplevelse av att vara hysterektomerade med fokus på den psykiska och sexuella hälsan. Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturstudie som bygger på tio vetenskapliga artiklar relevanta för syftet som valdes ut från databaserna PsycINFO, CINAHL och PubMed och därefter granskades och sammanställdes. Resultat: En hysterektomi kan leda till både positiva och negativa konsekvenser för kvinnans psykiska och sexuella mående. Om kvinnan innan operationen varit besvärad av symtom under lång tid leder hysterektomi till förbättrad psykisk och sexuell hälsa samt förbättrad självbild. För kvinnorna som genomgick en hysterektomi på grund av maligna tumörer eller akut vid förlossningskomplikationer fick generellt kvinnan en mer negativ erfarenhet av hysterektomin. Om livmodern är starkt kopplad till kvinnlighet och femininitet påverkade operationen inte bara kroppen fysiskt utan även kvinnornas identitet och kunde leda till försämrad självbild och självförtroende. Stöd från vården och från en partner är viktigt i samband med en hysterektomi. Slutsats: Upplevelsen av en hysterektomi samt den psykiska och sexuella hälsan efter operationen påverkas av orsaken till hysterektomin. Om operationen utförts på grund av långvariga besvär som blödningar, smärta och obehag blir både den psykiska och sexuella hälsan bättre. Är orsaken istället malignitet eller förlossningskomplikationer påverkas kvinnorna i större grad negativt. / Background: Hysterectomy is the second most common operation for women of childbearing age and involves the removal of the uterus. Hysterectomy is performed to reduce the symptoms of myoma, endometriosis, bleeding disorders or prolapse, as a life saving intervention for gynecological malignancies or acute due to labor complications.Aim: The aim was to shed light on women's experience of being hysterectomized with a focus on mental and sexual health.Method: A qualitative literature review based on ten scientific articles selected from the databases PsycINFO, CINAHL and PubMed.Results: A hysterectomy can lead to both positive and negative consequences for the woman's mental and sexual health. If the woman before the operation has been bothered by symptoms for a long time, hysterectomy leads to improved mental and sexual health as well as improved self-image. For the women who have undergone a hysterectomy due to malignant tumors or acute do to labor complications, they generally had a more negative experience of the hysterectomy. If the uterus is strongly linked to femininity and womanhood, will the operation affect the body physically and also the women's identity and could lead to impaired self-image and self-confidence. Support from both healthcare and from a partner is important for the woman undergoing a hysterectomy. Conclusion: The experience of a hysterectomy and the mental and sexual health after surgery are affected by the cause of hysterectomy. If the operation is performed due to long-term problems such as bleeding, pain and discomfort, both mental and sexual health will be improved. If the cause is instead malignancy or birth complications, women are more adversely affected.

Previous research showed that in 2010, only 23% of adults and 81% of teenagers worldwide did not meet the recommendations for physical activity. Physical inactivity is related to increased risk of poorer health and suffering from lifestyle diseases. Football Fitness is a relatively new concept of organized physical activity with moderate and high intensity. The training form combines strength and fitness to suit all ages and gender, regardless of previous soccer experience or physical ability. Being part of a group and establishing social relations have been shown to be related to improved well-being and was one of the main factors for participation. The purpose of the study was, therefore, to investigate whether participation in Football Fitness was related to positive changes in mental health and well-being, and to strive to explore and create an understanding of women's experiences of participation. Method The women (N = 18) aged 15 to 54 years participated in a 6-week intervention, 2 workouts per week, in 90 minutes. The following inclusion criteria were used to carry out the selection: (1) should be less physically active than 150 minutes a week; (2) had not played organized football in the last 10 years and (3) were not diagnosed with any clinical mental health diagnosis. The study was conducted with a mixed method through an experimental design that involved three times to measure women's perceived well-being, current physical functions, social capital and whether participation in Football Fitness felt meaningful. Furthermore, focus group interviews were conducted after the intervention was completed. Quantitative data was analyzed by Bayesian repeated measures analysis of variance (R-ANOVA) and a one pair sample t-test was used as statistical tests in the study and performed in JASP. Qualitative data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. Results The result of the quantitative analysis showed that Football Fitness had a positive impact on women's well-being (BF10 = 3659,057), and social capital (BF10= 831.785) over time. Furthermore, the result showed that women who participated felt that it was meaningful to participate in Football Fitness (BF10 = 2.570e + 6). The analysis showed support for the null hypothesis that Football Fitness should give effect to women's current functions (BF10 = .0576). The qualitative result showed that women experienced comfort, solidarity, satisfaction, and happiness during participation, which created added value for women without previous experience of football. Conclusion The result of the present study supports the hypothesis that Football Fitness contributes to positive changes in psychological health and well-being. The women who participated in the study experienced comfort, solidarity, satisfaction, and happiness in participation, which are factors that contribute to increased health and well-being. The result of the study showed that women valued group training where they had the opportunity to create social relationships in context with the training and that it was positive with an including leader and a group that contributed to a feeling of comfort. These factors contributed to the fact that women who participated felt that participation in Football Fitness added value. Participating in Football Fitness added value to the women without precious football experience which indicates that further investigations regarding the association between Football Fitness and lifestyle predictors.

Diss. Stockholm : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser. Pp. 46-66: Bibliography.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.