This research report investigated public-private partnerships in the development of affordable housing in Johannesburg. The study evaluated the success of affordable housing projects developed through the joint efforts of the public and the private sector. It explored how the private and the public sector help each other in development projects to ensure successful projects which benefit low to middle (gap market) income households. To do this, the study utilised two affordable/integrated housing development projects in the Johannesburg area. These were the Fleurhof project on Main Reef road and the Pennyville development on New Canada road. Interviews were also conducted to get information from the different stakeholders involved in affordable housing project developments with regards to their experiences, lessons learnt and propositions for better and more efficient running of future such projects. Studies and information received from interviews were evaluated using theoretical frameworks around affordable housing and public private partnerships as to determine if these projects and activity happening in the Johannesburg area is in line with theories and policies developed to guide public-private activity and affordable housing development. The findings from the field study analysis (case studies and interviews) were used to provide recommendations as to what can be done for better outcomes in public-private partnership projects in affordable housing delivery. From the field work it was found that contrary to the study claims and propositions, publicprivate partnership housing developments are benefiting the intended income group and that the private sector has gained confidence and is becoming more and more interested and involved in such projects. This is not to say that no issues were discovered or raised during the study. This is why recommendations were brought forward and these are mainly directed to the public sector. Recommendations include that public sector needs to increase its capacity when it comes to the area of developing affordable housing projects as lack of capacity results in unnecessarily lengthy application approval periods which become very costly when it comes to development. Other recommendations are for better planning and review of procedures for the public sector to be more efficient as the private sector works on time and need payments and other procedures to occur on time to avoid setbacks and strains on public private relationships.

Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management in Finance and Investment Wits Business School University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa October 2016 / This thesis addresses affordability of private financing for infrastructure in the context limited public sources of funding and a low level development of Uganda’s financial sector. The thesis addresses the factors that influence the cost of private financing of public infrastructure; the influence of the level of development of domestic financial markets in the determination of private financing costs of infrastructure projects; the private sector options feasible for financing Uganda’s infrastructure development and the scope for public sector interventions to reduce the cost of private finance in infrastructure. The research project was undertaken between June 2015 and March 2016.The research methodology was mainly library based and qualitative in nature. However, the approach was dual in nature since both existing sources of information and primary data were used. The study has established that in the face of limited public funding and a deficit in infrastructure development expenditure, private financing for public infrastructure is indispensable. However, it is relatively more costly, with good reason. However, there is scope for the public sector to affect favorably the cost of private financing for infrastructure. In particular, steps to address regulatory, political and country risk are critical. Equally important are measures to address macroeconomic instability and strengthen balance of payment positions as well as reforms to widen and deepen the financial sector. In addition, optimizing project selection and preparation as well as a establishing a credible pipeline of infrastructure projects coupled with suitable financing plans can positively impact the cost of private financing for infrastructure. / MT 2018

1 1 Abstract The topic of this dissertation thesis is Public Private Partnership. Public Private Partnership is a new phenomenon for delivering services and works by public authorities and other public bodies and entities (as contracting authorities). It emerged in the English speaking countries, namely in the USA and UK, in the 70s and 80s of the last century. Later, because of budgetary restraints and problems with financing public con tracts other countries across the European Union and the world showed interest in this phenomenon. Public Private Partnership is an economic rather than a legal term. Legislation does not use this designation. Instead, common features of Public Private Partnership are used to describe and set down Public Private Partnership in law. It is a general designation for different forms of cooperation between public and private entities which have the following features: The cooperation is based on contractual relations, it is a long term relation and the private entity bears risks related to the performance which would bear the public entity otherwise. The objective of establishing the cooperation is to deliver services and works in the public interest and to satisfy public needs. Provided that the aforementioned features are given we can consider the relation as the Public...

As competitive advantage is becoming more difficult to reach in the intense business world of today, many companies are turning towards cooperation to enhance their performance. A common way to achieve cooperation between firms has been through strategic alliances, where firms can fill their gaps in terms of resources and create common strategies for success. When creating a common legal organization, it is usually done through a joint venture. Joint ventures are often used as a way for private firms to expand internationally. However, lately it is not only the private organizations that are facing this competitive business climate, but the historical view on the public sector as being inefficient and rather bureaucratic in its coordination of business development, has also put an emphasis on markets and competition in the public sector. This has lately resulted in joining forces with the private sector, to create public-private joint ventures. As the literature published on the nature of these public-joint venture is still limited to few studies and cases, this called for further exploration of the phenomena. Thus, this study aimed at exploring the dynamics of strategic alliances in a public-private joint venture. More specifically, this was done by looking at a public-private joint venture consisting of a municipality and the enterprise, using the case of Tillväxt Lidköping AB. By exploring these dynamics, the research wished to gain insight into the motives and objectives of why firms enter, stay and leave a public-private joint venture, as well as success factors and risk of failures. This was done through answering the following research question: How do the dynamics of strategic alliances unfold in a public-private joint venture? Through a qualitative case study with data collected from semi-structured interviews, this study operated inductively but in constant comparison with existent literature to formulate a model of the dynamics of strategic alliance in a public-private joint venture. The model includes a process starting with the motives and objectives to why companies and individuals engage in a public-private joint venture. After, influenced by the motives and objectives, the actual operation of the public-private joint venture including membership, strategies and management is presented, to end the process with impact of growth and cooperation. The practical contributions of this study will help managers of public-private joint venture with tools, such as how to avoid certain pitfalls and fill crucial positions. In term of theoretical contributions, this study added in exploring the gap of public-private joint venture by providing a conceptual model, as well as gave additional insights to how public-private joint ventures relates with social network theory. Moreover, the study provides policy implications, foremost for municipal and governmental bodies on how better access to centralized services can be implemented. Providing one place where all services can be accessed, can if successful facilitate smoother information sharing and enhanced competitive advantage.

A tão conhecida segmentação dos direitos em público e privado, marcante nos sistemas jurídicos romanísticos, têm sido alvo de questionamentos em razão de sua insuficiência para explicar fenômenos que não mais se reconduzem a uma ou outra rubrica. Tem-se, dessa forma, que os setores público e privado estão cada vez mais imbricados, o que demanda do jurista e dos legisladores a criação de novas categorias e instrumentos, ou mesmo um câmbio de interpretação no tocante a categorias antigas. O Urbanismo, a sua vez, é fértil em oferecer exemplos de imbricação entre público e privado, uma vez que o ambiente da urbe é prenhe de manifestação dos mais diversos interesses que, mais e mais, têm sido objeto de acolhimento pelo ordenamento jurídico. Nesse quadro, a dissertação propõe-se a demonstrar como o ambiente urbano constantemente desafia a divisão rígida entre público e privado, para, na sequência, se dedicar à análise: (i) dos mecanismos de participação na concertação público-privada, com foco, sobretudo, na definição das políticas públicas de cunho urbanístico; (ii) e dos instrumentos contratuais entendidos de forma ampla cada vez mais utilizados na formatação das operações urbanísticas / The well known division between public and private law, classical in romanistic legal systems, has suffered considerable challenges due to its insufficiency to explain issues that may not be included in one or another side. As a consequence, private and public are more and more integrated which demands from jurists and legislators the creation of new categories and instruments or even the change of interpretation of old conceptions. Urbanism, on its turn, is a fertile soil in offering examples of the integration between private and public, since the environment of the city is rich in manifestations of the most diverse interests, which, more and more, are being accepted and considered by the legal orders. In this scenario, this essay aims at demonstrating how the urban environment frequently challenges the rigid division between public and private and thus will be dedicated to analyze (i) the mechanisms of joint participation of public and private players in the definition of public policies of urban issues; and (ii) the contractual instruments understood broadly widely used to the implementation of urban projects.

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar o Programa de Atendimento Especial à Educação Infantil (PAEEI) instituído no município de Campinas-SP a partir de 2007, com a criação dos CEIs Naves-Mães. Essas unidades educacionais pertencem à Secretaria Municipal de Educação, mas a sua gestão é realizada por instituições privadas sem fins lucrativos a partir de parcerias instituídas com o poder público municipal. Desde que o Programa foi lançado, a utilização do convênio como instrumento jurídico utilizado para a transferência de recursos às organizações da sociedade civil sem fins lucrativos tem sido a principal opção dos dirigentes locais para a ampliação do atendimento às crianças de zero a 5 anos. Procuramos compreender as características e as consequências do Programa para a oferta da educação infantil no município, à luz das recentes transformações no papel do Estado num contexto de ajustes neoliberais e utilizando-se da Terceira Via. Para subsidiar essa análise, além do levantamento teórico concernente ao tema da pesquisa, realizamos análise documental e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Concluímos, entre outras coisas, que, intrínseco ao processo de privatização da educação infantil em Campinas, estão os baixos salários pagos aos profissionais que atuam nos CEIs Naves-Mães, as salas superlotadas e, principalmente, o interesse de algumas instituições em firmarem parceria com a PMC. / This study is an attempt to investigate the Special Childhood Education Program (Programa de Atendimento Especial à Educação Infantil (PAEEI)) implemented in the municipality of Campinas-SP, Brazil, starting in 2007, through the creation of CEIs Motherships (CEIs Naves-mães). These educational units belong to the local educational authority (SME), but are managed by non-profit private institutions through partnerships developed in conjunction with the municipality. Since its inception, its utilization as a legal instrument used towards the transfer of resources to non-profit entities of civil society has been the main option available to local managers to amplify service to children ages 0 to 5. We seek to understand the characteristics and consequences of the Program to the offering of childhood education in the municipality, in light of the recent transformations in the role of the state in a context of neoliberal adjustments and reliance on the Third Sector. To substantiate our analysis, in addition to doing a literature review on the subject at hand, we have conducted documental analyses and semi-structured interviews. We find that the low wages paid to the professionals who work at the CEIs Motherships, the overcrowded classrooms, and, mainly, the interest of certain institutions in developing partnerships with the Campinas City Hall, among other things, are intrinsically related to the process of privatization of childhood education in the municipality of Campinas.

Thesis advisor: Andy Hargreaves / This dissertation examines the nature of the longstanding cross-sector relationship between an urban public school district and a corporate-owned team franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The study found that while this collaboration is often talked about as a partnership, in practice, it advances a corporate philanthropic and promotional relationship that is characterized by mutual affinities but not mutually agreed upon goals. This philanthropic connection to a powerful national sporting institution provides benefits to local public schools through incentives for perfect student attendance, motivational assemblies with professional athletes, and periodic, one-time donations in much needed technology. However, this relationship also raises key questions related to the mechanisms for social accountability in leadership decision-making, the effective and equitable use of school and corporate resources, and the indirect and inadvertent consequences when schools rely on commercialism and sports stardom to sell the meritocratic value of getting an education to a generation of students. The dissertation addresses the implications of the rise of corporate philanthropy within the context of economic austerity in public education. A multi-disciplinary review of research, drawing on four bodies of literature, considers the assumptions underlying counter-related discourses about corporate involvement in the public sector: 1) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), 2) CSR as Greenwashing (i.e. disinformation disseminated by a firm to present misleading public images of corporate responsibility), 3) Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in education, and 4) PPPs as privatizations in education. The constant comparative method was used throughout to analyze multi-modal data from an ethnographic case study of one city's cross-sector collaboration with the NBA, including participant observations, review of news and media, and extended field interviews with thirty district leaders, school administrators, teachers, counselors, and coaches in three K-8 schools. The result is a critical examination of the confluence of altruism, elite professional sports, and the marketplace in urban public education. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction.

Este projeto de pesquisa tem como proposta o estudo dos critérios de formatação de funding1 que auxiliem nos projetos de transporte rodoviário no Brasil, em particular as estradas vicinais no Estado de São Paulo. A partir de uma análise crítica da formatação de modelos já existentes para estradas vicinais, no Brasil e no exterior, são estabelecidos processos para o levantamento e formatação de funding para esta classe de negócios. Através da condução de um estudo de caso destinado a avaliar a aplicação destes processos, ao final, esta proposição de critérios é consolidada em um conjunto de diretrizes para a formatação de funding para projetos de estradas vicinais. Desta forma, as empresas do setor de transporte rodoviário e ligadas às atividades do Agronegócio poderão alcançar níveis mais eficientes de planejamento e competitividade, melhorando o suporte às decisões de nível tático, tanto no ambiente da empresa quanto dos empreendimentos de estradas vicinais. / The objective of this research is to study the existing criteria of funding`s models applied in projects of road transportation in Brazil, in particular the feed roads in state of São Paulo. Starting from a critical analysis of existing references and criteria of funding`s models in feeder roads in Brazil and surrounding, processes and database are established to give support to format this type of business. Through study case required to evaluate the application of these processes, at the end, these criteria are consolidated to provide guidelines to format funding applied in feeder roads. So that, the companies of the sector of road transport and agribusiness sector will be able to reach more efficient levels of planning and competitiveness, and improve their support to tactical level decisions, as much in the environment of the company such as the environment of enterprises of feeder roads.

A utilização de mecanismos inteligentes e com suporte legal como a Operação Urbana Consorciada implementando o “Potencial Adicional de Construção", permite à iniciativa privada o desenvolvimento de empreendimentos imobiliários modernos, com usufruto por toda comunidade local, propiciando benefícios nas vias públicas, drenagem, transporte coletivo e habitações de interesse social. As Operações Urbanas podem ser implantadas nas mais diversas regiões, induzindo o progresso já encontrado na região sudoeste da cidade de São Paulo, melhor direcionando os vetores de crescimento, objetivando um melhor equilíbrio urbanístico. A viabilidade econômica de empreendimentos imobiliários incentivados por Operações Urbanas, possibilitando a parceria público-privada com a flexibilização e racionalização no uso e ocupação do solo, constitui-se no objetivo desta dissertação. / The use of intelligent mechanisms and legal support such as the Urban Operation implementing a better Construction’s Additional Potenciality enables free enterprise to develop modern building enterprises, allowing their fruition by the whole local community, propitiating benefits to public roads, draining, collective transportation and dwellings of social interest. The Urban Operations can be implanted in the most different regions leading to the progress already found in the southwestern part of the city of São Paulo, improving the growth vectors’ direction, looking to a better urbanistic equilibrium. The economic viability of this enterprise, encouraged by the Urban Operations enabled the public/ private partnership to flexibilize the rationality of earth occupation use and is the main objetive of this work.

Celebrado recentemente pela imprensa estrangeira como um dos dez melhores parques urbanos do mundo, o Parque Ibirapuera é um símbolo de São Paulo. Projetado como o palco de convergência para os eventos comemorativos do IV Centenário da cidade, foi inaugurado em 1954 para simbolizar a ascensão da capital ao mundo moderno e industrializado. A história do parque, de seus edifícios e arredores é marcada por disputas, incertezas e apropriações casuísticas que ainda permanecem vorazes. Seus edifícios modernos, projetados sem clara definição de uso após os festejos que os ensejaram, foram objeto de intensa apropriação pelo poder público e entidades privadas, que obstaculizaram uma gestão integrada e coerente do Ibirapuera. Partindo da constatação preliminar de que o parque, assim como seu conjunto arquitetônico projetado por Oscar Niemeyer e equipe, foi fragmentado funcionalmente em diversas \"ilhas\" ao longo do tempo, procura-se compreendê-lo como um espaço altamente dinâmico e pautado por práticas que muitas vezes ameaçam a preservação de sua espacialidade e seu caráter público. Apesar de ser desde finais do século XX um território que se define pela concentração de algumas das mais importantes instituições culturais do país, é emblemático de sua trajetória instável o fato de que seus edifícios tenham sido apropriados por órgãos burocráticos durante mais de meio século e que sua área verde tenha sido drasticamente diminuída. O Parque Ibirapuera foi ainda rodeado por grandes avenidas, atravessado por túneis e entrecortado por zonas residenciais e grandes equipamentos urbanos - hospitais, institutos científicos, clubes privados, sede legislativa, sede de departamento de trânsito e zonas militares. Assim, neste estudo, ele é compreendido tanto como evidência quanto como instrumento de uma esfera pública que é definida por sua coexistência com interesses privados e geralmente por eles enfraquecida. / Ibirapuera Park, celebrated recently by the international press as one of the world\'s ten best urban parks, is an icon of São Paulo. It was designed to be the focal point of the city\'s 400th anniversary commemorations and was inaugurated in 1954 to symbolize the capital\'s entry to the modern industrialized world. The park\'s history, its buildings and surroundings are marred by continuing insatiable disputes, uncertainties and casuistic appropriations even today. Its modern buildings, designed with no clearly defined use after the festivities that gave rise to them, were the object of intense appropriation by both public authorities and private entities, barriers to a coherent and integrated management of Ibirapuera. Based on the preliminary observation that the park, together with its architectural complex designed by Oscar Niemeyer and his team, was divided functionally into various \"islands\" over the years, an attempt is made to understand it as a highly dynamic space, characterized by practices that very often endanger the preservation of its spatiality and public nature. Although since the late 20th century it is an area that concentrates some of the country\'s most valuable cultural institutions, the fact that its buildings have been taken over by bureaucratic bodies for over half a century and its green area drastically reduced is emblematic of its uncertain trajectory. Ibirapuera Park was moreover hemmed in by wide avenues, crossed by tunnels and intersected by residential neighborhoods and major urban equipment, such as hospitals, scientific institutes, private clubs, legislative headquarters, traffic department head office and military zones. So in this study it is understood as both proof and instrument of a public sphere marked by its coexistence with private interests and generally undermined by them.