Thesis--Helsingfors.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1993. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [133]-138).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1963. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 238-242) and index.

The purpose of the research conducted for this thesis was to investigate perceptions of responsibility and blame for rising levels of consumer debt in the UK, focusing on two key stakeholder groups often associated with the issues relating to consumer debt: individual borrowers and consumer credit lenders. Research was conducted with these stakeholders; debtors represented the individual borrowers and debt collectors from a large multi national credit card company represented lenders. Three central research questions lay at the heart of the research: what are the respondents' perceptions of why and how debtors use consumer credit; how are debtors perceived and treated by their creditors (i.e. through contact with debt collectors); what are the respondents' perceptions of who is to blame for consumer debt? A mixed method approach was adopted, using primarily qualitative research methods in accordance with the interpretivist approach of the research. An online survey and in-depth interviews were adopted for the debtor respondents and focus groups and in-depth interviews were adopted for the debt collector respondents. The debtor respondents were recruited from the National Debt Line website, the biggest online money advice website in the UK, by posting an online survey on the site. The debt collector respondents were recruited from the shared employer of the respondents and the researcher, a large multi national credit card company. In answer to the research questions, the research revealed that, firstly, the majority of debtor respondents perceived that their consumer credit use was to supplement their low income, which contradicted previous stereotypes of debtors as reckless spendthrifts and, instead, proposed they are agentic rational decision makers. Secondly, debtors were negatively perceived and treated by their creditors (debt collectors) in that they were stigmatised and labelled as deviant. This occurred during the debtors' social interaction with debt collectors during the debt collection process. In line with the labelling theory of deviance, this societal reaction then led to self-labelling by the debtors, who expressed feelings of shame. Thirdly, therefore, both the debtors and debt collectors primarily blamed the debtor stakeholder group as responsible for increasing levels of consumer debt, although the debtors also placed some of the blame on the creditors for acting unethically in their lending practices, namely by lending irresponsibly to debtors without an accurate assessment of the affordability of the loan. This thesis makes an original contribution to sociological knowledge of the ways in which blame and responsibility for increasing levels of debt is perceived by different societal groups. A key part of the thesis' originality exists in its utilisation of concepts drawn from different strands of sociological theory to explore perceptions of debt, in particular the sociology of deviance and symbolic interactionism, such as labeling, stigma and shame.

Management of public debt is crucial for every country. Public debt managers make efforts to both minimize the cost of borrowing and to keep debt stock at sustainable levels. However, due to competition for funds in the continuously changing and developing financial markets, new threats and opportunities appear constantly. Public debt managers construct borrowing policies in order to minimize the cost of borrowing and also to decrease risk by using various borrowing instruments. This thesis presents a mathematical model to determine the borrowing policy that minimizes the cost of borrowing in line with future projections and then seeks to extend it to construct risk sensitive policies that allow minimizing the effects of changes in the market on the cost of borrowing. The model&rsquo / s application results for determining the borrowing strategies of Turkish Treasury for 100 month horizon have been evaluated through the study.

Este trabalho analisa o processo de ordenamento fiscal que ocorreu no Brasil, na década de 1990, abordando especificamente o processo de criação da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF). Alguns autores na Ciência Política argumentam que os projetos de lei votados no Congresso que afetam os interesses dos governadores não passam porque os governadores mobilizam suas respectivas bancadas estaduais para vetá-los. Assim, como podemos entender a aprovação da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal, lei complementar que afeta diretamente os interesses financeiros e fiscais dos entes federativos. Alguns autores argumentam que houve um consenso em torno da necessidade do ordenamento fiscal, na década de 1990, destacando o processo de incrementalismo das mudanças institucionais, o desenvolvimento de uma \"cultura fiscalista\"que vira consenso na opinião pública e na classe política e, as crises financeiras internacionais (México, 1995; Ásia, 1997 e Rússia, 1998) que colocaram em xeque a capacidade de reação do governo diante das ameaças à política econômica de estabilização. Este trabalho alinha-se com os que desenvolvem esses argumentos, mas enfatiza o processo de negociação, ou seja, a existência de um dissenso dentro do consenso, que caracterizou o processo de criação da LRF. Argumentamos que, a despeito da existência de um consenso em torno da idéia de promover um ordenamento fiscal, a criação e a aprovação da LRF caracterizaram-se por conflitos dentro do governo e por um processo de intensa negociação parlamentar. / The aim of this work is to investigate the Brazilian process of fiscal ordering in the 1990s. More specifically, it focuses on the creation process of Fiscal Responsibility Law. Its point of departure is some political scientists vision that legislative projects undermining the subnational governments interests are not often approved due to State governors efforts to veto them. The hypothesis is that this phenomenon happens because governors exert stronger influence on the behavior of legislators than the President and political parties. For this reason, they assume that governors are veto-players in the Brazilian political system. This is an important component of our research strategy that seeks to explain why Fiscal Responsibility Law was approved despite of the key players financial and fiscal interests. The novelty of this work is to provide an approach that unveils a little explored explanatory element by previous works: the process of negotiation of the law project in the Federal Executive and in the Federal Legislative. In tune with some authors claims that there was a consensus on the necessity of fiscal ordering, we scrutinize the incremental process of institutional change and the development of a \"fiscal culture\" in the Brazilian society and its political class. We go on to suggest that international financial international crisis (México, 1995; Ásia, 1997 e Rússia, 1998) served as tests of the government\'s capacity to deal with the challenges posed to the economic stabilization policies. Furthermore, the current work gives special attention to addressing the process of negotiation that gave rise to the Fiscal Responsibility Law. We argue that the whole process was characterized by the existence of a dissension inside of consensus. Putting somewhat different, conflicts in the Federal Executive realm and complex negotiation schemes at the Federal Legislative level characterize the creation and the approbation stages of Fiscal Responsibility Law in Brazil.

Este trabalho analisa o processo de ordenamento fiscal que ocorreu no Brasil, na década de 1990, abordando especificamente o processo de criação da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF). Alguns autores na Ciência Política argumentam que os projetos de lei votados no Congresso que afetam os interesses dos governadores não passam porque os governadores mobilizam suas respectivas bancadas estaduais para vetá-los. Assim, como podemos entender a aprovação da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal, lei complementar que afeta diretamente os interesses financeiros e fiscais dos entes federativos. Alguns autores argumentam que houve um consenso em torno da necessidade do ordenamento fiscal, na década de 1990, destacando o processo de incrementalismo das mudanças institucionais, o desenvolvimento de uma \"cultura fiscalista\"que vira consenso na opinião pública e na classe política e, as crises financeiras internacionais (México, 1995; Ásia, 1997 e Rússia, 1998) que colocaram em xeque a capacidade de reação do governo diante das ameaças à política econômica de estabilização. Este trabalho alinha-se com os que desenvolvem esses argumentos, mas enfatiza o processo de negociação, ou seja, a existência de um dissenso dentro do consenso, que caracterizou o processo de criação da LRF. Argumentamos que, a despeito da existência de um consenso em torno da idéia de promover um ordenamento fiscal, a criação e a aprovação da LRF caracterizaram-se por conflitos dentro do governo e por um processo de intensa negociação parlamentar. / The aim of this work is to investigate the Brazilian process of fiscal ordering in the 1990s. More specifically, it focuses on the creation process of Fiscal Responsibility Law. Its point of departure is some political scientists vision that legislative projects undermining the subnational governments interests are not often approved due to State governors efforts to veto them. The hypothesis is that this phenomenon happens because governors exert stronger influence on the behavior of legislators than the President and political parties. For this reason, they assume that governors are veto-players in the Brazilian political system. This is an important component of our research strategy that seeks to explain why Fiscal Responsibility Law was approved despite of the key players financial and fiscal interests. The novelty of this work is to provide an approach that unveils a little explored explanatory element by previous works: the process of negotiation of the law project in the Federal Executive and in the Federal Legislative. In tune with some authors claims that there was a consensus on the necessity of fiscal ordering, we scrutinize the incremental process of institutional change and the development of a \"fiscal culture\" in the Brazilian society and its political class. We go on to suggest that international financial international crisis (México, 1995; Ásia, 1997 e Rússia, 1998) served as tests of the government\'s capacity to deal with the challenges posed to the economic stabilization policies. Furthermore, the current work gives special attention to addressing the process of negotiation that gave rise to the Fiscal Responsibility Law. We argue that the whole process was characterized by the existence of a dissension inside of consensus. Putting somewhat different, conflicts in the Federal Executive realm and complex negotiation schemes at the Federal Legislative level characterize the creation and the approbation stages of Fiscal Responsibility Law in Brazil.

Orientadores: Maryse Farhi, Antonio Carlos Macedo e Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T03:29:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_ItaloPedrosaGomes_M.pdf: 7909400 bytes, checksum: 23a0a28ed75945b72c3a02aa0912289a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O objetivo da dissertação é de avaliar, por meio de um modelo teórico, as interações macroeconômicas entre a dívida privada, o déficit público, a dívida pública e o crescimento econômico num contexto de desalavancagem do setor privado. Para tal, simula-se um modelo stock-flow consistent (SFC) de economia fechada, composto de famílias, firmas, bancos, banco central e governo. As simulações concentram-se na compreensão dos efeitos de diferentes regimes de gasto público na atividade econômica e nas implicações dinâmicas para as variáveis fiscais, com a finalidade de entender quais soluções mais se adequam ao propósito de acelerar a recuperação da atividade econômica e as políticas mais consistentes com a estabilidade fiscal de médio prazo neste contexto de desalavancagem. Os resultados indicam que a deterioração fiscal é um efeito do processo de desalavancagem do setor privado e que políticas de austeridade implicam num tempo maior para a recuperação da atividade econômica e da "normalidade" da situação fiscal. Em oposição, o aumento anticíclico dos gastos permite o restabelecimento mais acelerado da atividade econômica e da situação fiscal. Esses resultados sugerem que a consideração da integração de balanços dos agentes é fundamental para a análise da política fiscal, não somente no contexto de desalavancagem privada / Abstract: The aim of the dissertation is to assess, by means of a theoretical model, the macroeconomic interactions between private debt, public deficit, public debt and economic growth in the context of private sector deleveraging. In order to do so, we simulate a stock-flow consistent model (SFC) for a closed economy composed of households, firms, banks, the central bank and government. The simulations will focus on understanding the effects of different behavioral assumptions for the government spending in the economic activity and in the dynamic implications for the public sector accounts itself, thereby revealing the solutions more likely to accelerate economic recovery and the policies consistent with medium-run fiscal stability in the context of deleveraging. The results indicate that fiscal deterioration is an effect of private sector deleveraging process and that the austerity policies requires more time for the recovery of economic activity, as well as for the improvement of fiscal soundness. These results suggest that the agents¿ balance sheet interconnectedness are critical to the analysis of fiscal policy, not only in the context of private deleveraging / Mestrado / Teoria Economica / Mestre em Ciências Econômicas