The thesis deals with the term of budgetary responsibility, past drafts trying to enact this term to the legal system of Czech Republic, and also deals with applicable legal rules contained in the European Union legal system. The aim of this thesis is to analyze every existing draft in the Czech legal system (with the special attention to the last legal draft), and trough this analysis reach to the ideal set of rules for the budgetary responsibility. The first chapter contains the description of the basic term and the theoretical basis for the rest of this thesis. Elementary terms are described first and trough that it comes to the main term of the principle of the long-term balance of public budgets and to the term of budgetary responsibility. The second chapter aims to describe every single legal draft made in Czech Republic during the past year. Main attention is provided to the last legal draft of the constitutional act of budgetary responsibility and to the related draft of the secondary legal adaptation, which was presented in the year 2015. The third chapter aids to the European Union legal adaptation of the budgetary responsibility. At first the thesis deals with the form of budgetary responsibility in the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union....

L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier si la dette des gouvernements locaux doit faire l’objet d’inquiétudes, en se focalisant sur les cas français et canadiens (Québec et Ontario principalement). Le premier chapitre réalise une analyse descriptive des territoires à l’étude, et montre également que la dette municipale est nettement plus faible en Ontario qu’en France ou au Québec. Le deuxième chapitre analyse la santé financière des 30 plus grandes villes françaises et canadiennes. Il ressort notamment que les municipalités ayant un fort endettement ne sont pas nécessairement caractérisées par une situation financière précaire. Le troisième chapitre explore l’hypothèse d’une capitalisation négative de la dette publique municipale dans les valeurs foncières résidentielles moyennes de 130 municipalités au Québec et en Ontario. Les différents tests menés conduisent à des résultats instables, ne nous permettant pas de confirmer hors de tout doute notre hypothèse initiale. Un constat demeure cependant : le fardeau des ménages québécois qui doivent absorber des dettes publiques plus importantes est compensé par des valeurs de logement et un endettement privé plus faibles par rapport aux ménages de l’Ontario. Enfin, le quatrième chapitre étudie l’hypothèse d’un lien entre le degré d’intégration au sein du bloc communal (EPCI à fiscalité propre et communes membres) et la dette consolidée de ce dernier. Les tests réalisés font ressortir un impact négatif de l’intégration sur la dette du secteur communal et sur la dette des communes membres, indiquant qu’une plus grande intégration constituerait un levier efficace pour contribuer, avec les limitations légales, à une bonne maitrise de l’endettement du bloc / The aim of this thesis is to study if the debt of local governments is a threat to their fiscal health, by focusing on French and Canadian cases (mainly Québec and Ontario). The first chapter provides a descriptive analysis of the studied territories, and reveals that the local debt is significantly lower in Ontario, in comparison with France and Québec. The second chapter focuses on the fiscal health of the 30 largest French and Canadian cities. It shows that municipalities with a large debt are not always in a precarious financial situation. The third chapter investigates the hypothesis of a negative capitalization of municipal public debt in the average residential property values in 130 municipalities of Québec and Ontario. Our estimations give mixed results, and do not allow us to confirm our initial hypothesis beyond any doubt. Nevertheless, the household’s burden in Québec which have to finance larger municipal debts is offset by lower property prices and lower private indebtedness compared to Ontario’s households. Finally, the fourth chapter examines a French issue: the potential link between the integration level within intermunicipal community (EPCI and member municipalities) and the consolidated debt. Results show a negative effect of integration on the consolidated debt and on the debt of member municipalities, suggesting that a larger integration could be a complementary method to the legal restrictions of local indebtedness.