This multi-faceted study of dual credit programs in Texas was motivated by perceived discrepancies in dual credit data reporting and a lack of comprehensive, statelevel information about dual credit student populations and coursework patterns. Using a P-16 framework, the author explored alignment issues that influence the delivery of dual credit programs and the tracking of dual credit participants in Texas. A review of dual credit partnership agreements between high schools and colleges, an analysis of dual credit course crosswalks, interviews with secondary and postsecondary dual credit coordinators, and a cross-agency analysis of state-level dual credit data provided insight into data and program alignment concerns. These research efforts informed the construction of a database of 2004-2007 Texas public high school graduates who took dual credit courses while in high school. Demographic differences and college outcomes were analyzed for the full cohort and cohort subpopulations. Two ANOVAs were used to explore differences in the number of dual credit courses students took and freshman college GPA by several demographic and outcome variables. Study results showed regional differences in dual credit coursetaking patterns and differences in student populations who took academic dual credit courses, non-academic dual credit courses, and both types of courses. Longitudinal data revealed differences in dual credit coursetaking populations over time, including growth in the number of economically disadvantaged and underrepresented minority students who took advantage of dual credit opportunities. Study findings emphasized the value of improving dual credit data reporting and course alignment practices. Important state-level goals were identified as ensuring: that students have access to rigorous, quality programs; that educators and policy-makers have access to accurate data; and that dual credit partnerships maintain the flexibility to innovate and respond to student needs while preserving program quality and equity. / text

A proficiência e o fluxo de estudantes são desafios importantes a serem enfrentados pelos vários níveis de ensino no Brasil, em especial no ensino médio. Cientes desse desafio, setor público e sociedade civil têm buscado melhorar esses indicadores por meio de alguns programas. O programa Jovem de Futuro é uma dessas iniciativas. Direcionado às escolas públicas de ensino médio, o programa objetiva melhorar a proficiência e fluxo dos alunos por meio de um conjunto de ações focadas em capacitação para a gestão e auxílio financeiro para as escolas. Com o objetivo de verificar o impacto sobre esses resultados, as escolas participantes foram selecionadas por meio de um sorteio aleatório. O presente trabalho realizou análises de impacto desse programa em diferentes dimensões. As estimativas encontradas indicam que o programa teve impacto sobre as notas dos estudantes em quatro das cinco regiões participantes. Quando estatisticamente significante, esse impacto foi de no mínimo 0, 158? para língua portuguesa e 0, 176? em matemática. Com a intenção de entender se os impactos foram diferenciados para determinados grupos de estudantes e escolas, foram também realizadas análises de heterogeneidade. Os resultados apontaram que o programa não teve efeitos diferenciados para os perfis de estudantes analisados. Por outro lado, quando os perfis de escolas são analisados, as estimativas apontam que os estudantes de escolas com melhores indicadores no período pré-tratamento podem ter sido mais beneficiados. O trabalho também realizou a análise de impacto para a probabilidade de evasão e reprovação dos estudantes tratados. Os resultados apontaram que o tratamento diminuiu as chances de evasão e reprovação em regiões onde o programa estabeleceu metas para esses fatores. Finalmente, diante das diferentes direções de impacto sobre notas e fluxo, realizou-se também uma análise de impacto sobre o IDEB. As análises indicaram que em locais onde a piora do fluxo foi relevante os resultados no IDEB não avançaram da mesma maneira do que nas notas dos estudantes. / Low tests scores and low graduation rates are examples of educational challenges in Brazil, especially if we refer to secondary students. Public policies have been created to improve these indices and the \"Jovem de Futuro\" program is one example. We analyzed details of this program to understand if and how it works. \"Jovem de Futuro\" has been a program focused on support for public secondary schools. It provides training for principals and teachers to improve school management and funding for schools. In addition, a randomized controlled trial was designed for selection of treated schools, which ensured our ability to perform a causality analysis. Our results indicate that the program improves student performance in language (Portuguese) and mathematics tests. The scores of treated students increased about 0.2?. Furthermore, we did not find any difference in the performance of students when we grouped them, for example, by sex or race. Our analysis also indicates that students perform better if they are from schools with better previous results. Because repetition and dropout rates are a real problem in schools of secondary level in Brazil, we estimated how effective the program was at changing these rates. Our results indicate repetition and dropout probabilities fell if students are from schools that received goals to improve these rates. On the other hand, if schools did not receive any goal, dropout and repetition probability from students in treated schools increased. Finally, because of these mix effects - better test performance and worse repetition and dropout rates - we calculated and estimated the impact in the Index of Development of Basic Education (IDEB). This index put together: performance in tests and rates of students approved. Our results show that the impact on this index was lower than in the student tests performance in schools from areas with lower approbation rates.

A proficiência e o fluxo de estudantes são desafios importantes a serem enfrentados pelos vários níveis de ensino no Brasil, em especial no ensino médio. Cientes desse desafio, setor público e sociedade civil têm buscado melhorar esses indicadores por meio de alguns programas. O programa Jovem de Futuro é uma dessas iniciativas. Direcionado às escolas públicas de ensino médio, o programa objetiva melhorar a proficiência e fluxo dos alunos por meio de um conjunto de ações focadas em capacitação para a gestão e auxílio financeiro para as escolas. Com o objetivo de verificar o impacto sobre esses resultados, as escolas participantes foram selecionadas por meio de um sorteio aleatório. O presente trabalho realizou análises de impacto desse programa em diferentes dimensões. As estimativas encontradas indicam que o programa teve impacto sobre as notas dos estudantes em quatro das cinco regiões participantes. Quando estatisticamente significante, esse impacto foi de no mínimo 0, 158? para língua portuguesa e 0, 176? em matemática. Com a intenção de entender se os impactos foram diferenciados para determinados grupos de estudantes e escolas, foram também realizadas análises de heterogeneidade. Os resultados apontaram que o programa não teve efeitos diferenciados para os perfis de estudantes analisados. Por outro lado, quando os perfis de escolas são analisados, as estimativas apontam que os estudantes de escolas com melhores indicadores no período pré-tratamento podem ter sido mais beneficiados. O trabalho também realizou a análise de impacto para a probabilidade de evasão e reprovação dos estudantes tratados. Os resultados apontaram que o tratamento diminuiu as chances de evasão e reprovação em regiões onde o programa estabeleceu metas para esses fatores. Finalmente, diante das diferentes direções de impacto sobre notas e fluxo, realizou-se também uma análise de impacto sobre o IDEB. As análises indicaram que em locais onde a piora do fluxo foi relevante os resultados no IDEB não avançaram da mesma maneira do que nas notas dos estudantes. / Low tests scores and low graduation rates are examples of educational challenges in Brazil, especially if we refer to secondary students. Public policies have been created to improve these indices and the \"Jovem de Futuro\" program is one example. We analyzed details of this program to understand if and how it works. \"Jovem de Futuro\" has been a program focused on support for public secondary schools. It provides training for principals and teachers to improve school management and funding for schools. In addition, a randomized controlled trial was designed for selection of treated schools, which ensured our ability to perform a causality analysis. Our results indicate that the program improves student performance in language (Portuguese) and mathematics tests. The scores of treated students increased about 0.2?. Furthermore, we did not find any difference in the performance of students when we grouped them, for example, by sex or race. Our analysis also indicates that students perform better if they are from schools with better previous results. Because repetition and dropout rates are a real problem in schools of secondary level in Brazil, we estimated how effective the program was at changing these rates. Our results indicate repetition and dropout probabilities fell if students are from schools that received goals to improve these rates. On the other hand, if schools did not receive any goal, dropout and repetition probability from students in treated schools increased. Finally, because of these mix effects - better test performance and worse repetition and dropout rates - we calculated and estimated the impact in the Index of Development of Basic Education (IDEB). This index put together: performance in tests and rates of students approved. Our results show that the impact on this index was lower than in the student tests performance in schools from areas with lower approbation rates.

The Utah legislature passed Senate Bill 203 in 1975, requiring all public secondary schools to offer instruction on the essentials and benefits of free enterprise. The problem is that no evaluation has been made to determine if the specific requirement is being fulfilled. The purpose of this study is to determine interpretations and implementations of Senate Bill 203. Questions in four areas were studied. 1. Administrators: (a) how did administrators of the districts interpret the guidelines, (b) how did the administrators decide upon the approach followed, (c) how did the administrators justify the approach followed, (d) what instructional materials did the administrators decide to use to fulfill the bill requirements, and (e) what are the attitudes of the school systems' administrators about nonfunding of instruction on the free enterprise system. 2. Courses: (a) what courses are being taught, (b) do the courses contain content in the seven areas described as essential by the National Task Force, (c) what are the materials being used or being sought for use in conjunction with the materials prescribed by the state superintendent of public instruction, and (d) what teaching methods are being used for instruction of free enterprise. 3. Instructors: (a) what are the qualifications of the instructors teaching the classes in free enterprise and (b) what are the instructors' backgrounds in economic education. 4. Comparative responses: (a) does the stated use of materials by instructors compare with the stated use of materials by administrators and (b) how do instructors' academic and economic education backgrounds relate to conditions in the courses taught. The survey covered the entire state of Utah and an overall 92 percent return was achieved. Conclusions drawn from findings are as follows. The administrators generally interpreted the guidelines to mean that economic principles should be injected into current courses. Over half of the administrators interpreted the guidelines to mean implementation by fall, 1977. Another quarter of the number of administrators indicated that the instructional requirement was to be implemented immediately. The approach to be followed for determining the fulfillment of the requirement will basically be organized by instructors. An almost equal number of programs will be organized under a cooperative effort of local school personnel. The approach being followed was justified largely by curriculum directors, school boards, or a combination of other local school administrators. Concerning the use of state prescribed materials, the majority of the administrators believed that the materials could be used for references but few indicated that the materials must be used to structure the free enterprise instruction. The lack of interest was indicated as a reason for more classes in economic education not being offered, for little workshop participation by instructors, and for lack of curriculum development. It was indicated that present economic education programs are not sufficient, and that adequate programs are not possible without additional funding. There are few classes being taught in Utah entirely devoted to free enterprise. When the principles are integrated into classes, those classes are social studies, business education and other vocational education classes. The content specified by the National Task Force is generally indicated a third of the time to be taught very little or not at all. Half of the state's economic education instructors are teaching those concepts some of the time. Very few instructors completely cover the concepts. Texts used in economics classes are of a wide variety. The main materials in teaching free enterprise concepts are textbooks. Methods of instruction are mostly lecture and large group instruction. Most instructors of free enterprise education have social studies or business education undergraduate majors. Few graduate degrees have been earned. A low number of instructors have taken economics classes. Also, few have participated in workshop or in-service training. The biggest reasons were lack of funding and lack of time. Over half of the instructors have been teaching for over 10 years and over half belong to the social studies department. Instructors with more in-service or workshop training are more likely to teach an economics class and cover the concepts indicated by the Task Force more thoroughly. Instructors with strong basic economics were also more likely to cover the Task's Force concepts more completely.

Este estudo discute o direito dos alunos do período noturno à prática da Educação Física no ensino médio da rede pública de seis escolas estaduais, em uma cidade do Vale do Paraíba. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar até que ponto o direito às aulas de Educação Física é assegurado a esses alunos. A fundamentação teórica deste trabalho apoia-se nos estudos de Bardim (1977; 2011), Bronfenbrenner (1996; 1998), Bracht (1999), Fazenda (1994; 2001; 2004), Mattos (2008) e Mattos e Neira (2008). A pesquisa empírica desenvolve-se por meio de 162 questionários estruturados, distribuídos a gestores, professores e alunos das escolas envolvidas. A análise de conteúdo das respostas dadas possibilitou averiguar que as aulas de Educação Física do período noturno são consideradas importantes pelos sujeitos da pesquisa, porém a sua efetiva prática não acontece de forma satisfatória nas escolas pesquisadas. Percebeu-se que os diferentes sujeitos da pesquisa consideram a Educação Física uma importante área do conhecimento e que a mesma pode contribuir no desenvolvimento humano dos alunos. No confronto das opiniões percebeu-se que há uma discrepância de comunicação sobre a realização das aulas, pois 100% dos gestores e professores afirmam que as aulas são oferecidas aos alunos, contrariando as afirmações dos alunos, dos quais 62% declaram que as aulas não são oferecidas. Por fim constatou-se que o direito às aulas de Educação Física é assegurado aos alunos do Ensino Médio nas seis escolas da rede pública estadual que foram pesquisadas, embora a soma de alunos, interessados em sua prática, não seja suficiente para que se abra uma turma. Desta forma, a prática da Educação Física do período noturno deve ser tratada de forma relevante no período noturno, porém sua legislação deve ser repensada, pois, como acontece atualmente, a mesma não tem se mostrado satisfatória, acabando por não atingir os alunos aos quais se destina. / This study discusses the right of students night time practice of physical education in six public school in a city of the Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo State. The objective of this research was to investigate to what extent the right to physical education classes is provided to these students. The theoretical foundation of this work relies on studies Bardim ( 1977, 2011) , Bronfenbrenner (1996, 1998) , Bracht (2004) , Daolio (2004) Farm (1994, 2001, 2004) , Mattos ( 2008) and Mattos and Neira (2008). Empirical research was developed through 162 structured questionnaires distributed to managers, teachers and students of the schools involved. A content analysis of responses possible to ascertain that the physical education classes in the evening are considered important by the subjects, but their actual practice does not happen satisfactorily in the schools surveyed. It was noticed that different research subjects consider physical education an important area of knowledge and that it can contribute to the human development of students. In the clash of opinions realized that there is a discrepancy of communication about the conduct of classes, because 100 % of the administrators and teachers say classes are offered to students, contrary to the assertions of the students, of which 62 % declare that classes do not are offered. Finally it was found that the right to physical education classes were assured high school students in six schools of public schools that were surveyed, although the sum of students interested in their practice, not enough to make you open a class. Thus, the practice of Physical Education of the evening should be treated significantly at night, but its legislation should be reconsidered, because, as at present, it has not proven satisfactory ending for not achieving students which intended.

College preparation for low-income, urban, minority students is the subject of this ethnographic case study. Previous research indicates that for these students the notion that college is the next step after high school graduation may be considered unrealistic, especially if parents or other family members lack postsecondary education experiences. This was a qualitative case study of one comprehensive urban high school located in a predominantly middle to upper class White neighborhood. People residing in this neighborhood were older and the majority no longer had children of high school age. Therefore, over half the student body (70%) were African-American teenagers bused from surrounding low-income, urban areas. The purpose of the study was to look for evidence of indicators believed necessary to create and foster a college-going culture in a low-income, urban, public high school. The findings suggested that students from lower socioeconomic groups, those with high aspirations, and even those who qualify for college acceptance, often lack the information and support necessary to negotiate the postsecondary application and enrollment processes. Adopting a college-going mission is as much a mentality as it is an objective, and requires active awareness and participation by all stakeholders including students, families, schools, and the community.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The development of deployed technologies and the advances in the computational area have allowed to establish and to study interfaces related to both the geographic space and the health area. This research is focus on studying the adolescent, considering the adolescence according to the World Health Organization WHO as that period from 10 to 19 years old and that implies physical, psychological and social transformationsseen in different ways and times. Studies on populations that approach underweight in adolescents are still pretty limited in the nutritional education area. The general aim of this work was identifying and mapping the adolescents nutritional statusesthat are registered at the public high school in Santa Maria. In a specific way, it aimed to trace the classificatory system based on the distribution of body mass index; to carry out the anthropometric measurements of triceps and subscapular; to give information about the adolescents nutritional statuses according to demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral and dietary habits, as well as to map the adolescent s nutritional statusesspatializing them into the Santa Maria s neighborhoods with the aim of subsidizing the school lunch menu. It was done through transversal exploratory studies from October to November 2010 and from March to April 2011 with 361 adolescents of both sexes registered in ten public high schools in Santa Maria, RS, and that were spreadon different neighborhoods. The information was collected through a questionnaire and by doing an anthropometric evaluation of the subjects in the research. For the analysis, the program Statistical Analysis System (SAS, Version 9,2) was used. The results were presented through tables, graphics and pictures where they were spatialized geographically from the application ARCgis (version 9,3)and concluded in the program Corel Drow 14. The results showed that the most of the adolescents, from both sexes, are within the normal range in terms of anthropometric evaluation. In terms of feeding, although having the knowledge of what is a healthy feeding, they showed theyare influenced a lot by the family, by other groups (friends/ classmates) and also by the media. Therefore, the presented results allow us to infer that this study gives subsides to implement together with schools new nutritional programs. Healthy children and adolescents represent the improvement in the life quality for this generation in general besides assuringthis quality for the adulthood for the senior periods too. / O desenvolvimento de tecnologias implantadas e de avanços computacionais tem permitido estabelecer e estudar interfaces relacionadas ao espaço geográfico e à área da saúde. A presente pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo o adolescente, cuja fase é definida pela Organização Mundial da Saúde como o período de 10 a 19 anos de idade, a qual envolve transformações físicas, psíquicas e sociais, que se manifestam de forma e períodos diferentes. Estudos populacionais que abordam sobrepeso/obesidade em adolescentes ainda são bastante limitantes na área da educação nutricional. O trabalho teve como objetivo geral identificar e mapear o estado nutricional de adolescentes matriculados nas escolas Estaduais de Ensino Médio de Santa Maria. Especificadamente, buscou-se delinear o sistema de classificação baseado na distribuição do Índice de Massa Corporal; realizar avaliação antropométrica das dobras cutâneas triciptal e subescapular; fornecer informações do estado nutricional dos adolescentes segundo variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, comportamentais e hábitos alimentares e realizar o mapeamento do estado nutricional dos adolescentes espacializando-os nos bairros de Santa Maria, buscando subsidiar a preparação do cardápio da merenda escolar. Realizou-se estudo exploratório transversal no período de outubro/novembro de 2010 e março/abril de 2011, com 361 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, matriculados em dez escolas Estaduais do Município de Santa Maria, RS, situadas em diferentes bairros do município. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário e da avaliação antropométrica dos sujeitos da pesquisa. Para análise, foi utilizado o Programa Statistical Analisys System (SAS, Versão 9.2). Os resultados, que foram espacializados geograficamente a partir do aplicativo ARCgis (versão 9.3) e concluídos no programa Corel Drow 14, foram apresentados em tabelas, gráficos e figuras, Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a maioria dos adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, encontra-se dentro da faixa de normalidade quanto à avaliação antropométrica. No que diz respeito à alimentação dos adolescentes, apesar de terem conhecimento do que é ter uma alimentação saudável, eles demonstraram sentirem-se muito influenciados pela família, grupos de convivência (amigos/colegas) e também pela mídia. Assim, os resultados obtidos permitem inferir que esse estudo fornece subsídios para implantação de novos programas nutricionais com o auxílio das escolas. Crianças e adolescentes saudáveis representam melhoria na qualidade de vida na fase adulta e também na terceira idade.

No description available.

This qualitative research study explored the leadership perceptions of high school administrators who have been successful in raising academic achievement for Black males. Utilizing semi-structured interviews which served as the primary data source, this study aimed to uncover specific school-level factors that were being optimized in public high schools to help increase graduation rates for Black male students. In addition, a review of school documents acted as secondary data sources and offered more detailed views about the case studies. After thorough analysis of the data, the findings revealed five factors that the high school administrators were optimizing better support their Black male learners: 1) hiring Black males, 2) the staff, 3) school activities, 4) collaborations with community partners, and 5) formal and informal methods of offering positive feedback and special recognition. These five factors were found as having the greatest influence on the academic achievement of the males. Overall, the study's findings aligned with earlier research on student achievement. Based on the findings, it was clear that the five factors promoted a certain degree of academic achievement independently. However, the researcher posits that, if implemented simultaneously, the five factors are likely to build a greater network of support for Black male high school students that will help boost achievement that is converted to increased graduation rates. Thus, implications for practice for other high school administrators as well as recommendations for future research emerged from the findings of this study. / Doctor of Education / This qualitative research study explored the leadership perceptions of high school administrators who have been successful in raising academic achievement for Black males. Utilizing semi-structured interviews which served as the primary data source, this study aimed to uncover specific school-level factors that were being optimized in public high schools to help increase graduation rates for Black male students. In addition, a review of school documents acted as secondary data sources and offered more detailed views about the case studies. After thorough analysis of the data, the findings revealed five factors that the high school administrators were optimizing better support their Black male learners: 1) hiring Black males, 2) the staff, 3) school activities, 4) collaborations with community partners, and 5) formal and informal methods of offering positive feedback and special recognition. These five factors were found as having the greatest influence on the academic achievement of the males. Overall, the study's findings aligned with earlier research on student achievement. Based on the findings, it was clear that the five factors promoted a certain degree of academic achievement independently. However, the researcher posits that, if implemented simultaneously, the five factors are likely to build a greater network of support for Black male high school students that will help boost achievement that is converted to increased graduation rates. Thus, implications for practice for other high school administrators as well as recommendations for future research emerged from the findings of this study.

本研究指在探討校長分布式領導、教師知覺組織支持與教師組織公民行為的關係。研究方法採問卷調查法，以越南胡志明市公立高級中學教師為研究對象。在預試階段，寄發300份問卷，回收有效問卷共有275份，據以檢視研究工具之信效度。在正式調查階段，寄發960份問卷，回收有效問卷共908份。在資料處理方面，本研究分別以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、積差相關分析及結構方程模式取向之路徑分析等統計方法進行分析。本研究獲得以下結論： 一、越南胡志明市公立高級中學校長分布式領導、教師知覺組織支持與教師組織公民行為的現況大致良好。 二、教師對校長分布式領導的知覺，會因教師之年齡、服務年資、學歷、學校所在地、學校規模與校長於本校服務年資之不同而有顯著差異。 三、教師對組織支持的知覺，會因教師之年齡、學校所在地與學校規模之不同而有顯著差異。 四、教師對教師組織公民行為的知覺，會因學校所在地、學校規模與校長於本校服務年資之不同而有顯著差異。 五、校長分布式領導、教師知覺組織支持與教師組織公民行為之間兩兩具有正向相關。 六、校長分布式領導、教師知覺組織支持與教師組織公民行為三者之間具有顯著影響關係。 七、校長分布式領導可透過教師知覺組織支持的部分中介效果，間接影響教師組織公民行為。 八、校長分布式領導、教師知覺組織支持與教師組織公民行為的結構方程模式適配度良好。 基於上述之研究結果，本研究提出一些建議，作為主管教育行政機關、學校校長、教師及未來研究之參考。 / The study aims to investigate the relationships among distributed leadership, perceived organizational support, and organizational citizenship behavior. The study population is all in-service teachers at public high schools in Ho Chi Minh city. The questionnaires are used to collect data. In the pretest stage, data collected from a sample of 275 teachers at 20 public high schools, and was used to test the validity and reliability of the research instruments by using the exploratory factor analysis. In the formal survey, data collected from a sample of 908 teachers at 64 public high schools. Then the descriptive analysis, t-test and one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis and SEM approach’s path analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that: 1. The teachers’ perception of distributed leadership, perceived organizational support, and organizational citizenship behavior is good. 2. Six demographic variables, including teachers’ age, year of experience, level of education, school location, school size, and years as principal at current school, showed significant differences in distributed leadership. 3. Three demographic variables, including teachers’ age, school location, school size, showed significant differences in perceived organizational support. 4. Three demographic variables, including school location, school size, and years as principal at current school, showed significant differences in organizational citizenship behavior. 5. There is a significant positive correlation between the variables of distributed leadership, perceived organizational support, and organizational citizenship behavior. 6. Both distributed leadership and perceived organizational support showed a positive direct effect on organizational citizenship behavior. 7. Perceived organizational support partially mediated the effect of distributed leadership on organizational citizenship behavior. 8. The SEM constructed for the distributed leadership, perceived organizational support, and organizational citizenship behavior showed a goodness of fit. Based on these results, there are many applications proposed to education authority, school principals, and teachers and some recommendations provided for further research.