Abstracts in English, Afrikaans and Zulu / The advancement and development of the financial sector is fundamental for building an efficient economic system that enhances foreign and domestic investments. The aim of this study was to compare the relationship between the price performance of initial public offerings and macroeconomic indicators in the South African and the Nigerian economy. With the increase of IPO listing on both stock exchanges, it is of paramount importance that an analysis and examination of IPO performance and its contribution to the economy is conducted. Using the 91 and 19 initial public offerings that were listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and the Nigerian Stock Exchange respectively during the years 2005 to 2015, price performance was measured by using the market-adjusted abnormal returns and the wealth relative model. The linear ordinary least squares regression model was used to measure the relationship between initial public offering performance and macroeconomic indicators. Based on the mean market adjusted returns, initial public offerings listed between 2005 and 2015 were under-priced. The regression model established that the first day, week and month price changes in Nigeria were 0.19, 0.48 and 0.77 times higher respectively than to South Africa. The regression analysis found that inflation and interest rates were positively correlated with price changes at the end of the first month of trade, whereas gross domestic product growth was not statistically significant. Therefore, to evade financial loss, investment decision making processes should consider factors such as geographic location, interest rates, inflation and the industry prior to making the decision. / Die bevordering en ontwikkeling van die finansiële sektor is fundamenteel vir die ontwikkeling van ʼn doeltreffende ekonomiese stelsel wat buitelandse en binnelandse investering aanmoedig. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die verhouding tussen die prysprestasie van aanvanklike openbare aanbiedinge en makro-ekonomiese aanwysers in die Suid-Afrikaanse en Nigeriese ekonomie te vergelyk. Met die toename in AOA-notering op albei aandelebeurse, is dit uiters belangrik dat ’n ontleding van en ondersoek na AOA-prestasie en sy bydrae tot die ekonomie uitgevoer word. Deur gebruikmaking van die 91 en 19 aanvanklike openbare aanbiedinge wat onderskeidelik op die Johannesburgse Effektebeurs en die Nigeriese Effektebeurs gedurende die tydperk 2005 tot 2015 genoteer is, is prysprestasie gemeet deur gebruikmaking van die markaangepaste abnormale opbrengste en die rykdomrelatiewe model. Die lineêre gewone kleinste kwadrate-regressiemodel is gebruik om die verwantskap tussen die prestasie van aanvanklike openbare aanbod en makro-ekonomiese aanwysers te meet. Op grond van die gemiddelde markaangepaste opbrengste was aanvanklike openbare aanbiedinge wat tussen 2005 en 2015 genoteer is, onderprys. Die regressiemodel het vasgestel dat die eerste dag-, week- en maandprysveranderinge in Nigerië onderskeidelik 0.19, 0.48 en 0.77 keer hoër as in Suid-Afrika was. Die regressieontleding het bevind dat inflasie en rentekoerse ’n positiewe korrelasie gehad het met prysveranderinge aan die einde van die eerste handelsmaand, terwyl bruto binnelandse produk se groei nie statisties beduidend was nie. Derhalwe, om finansiële verlies te ontduik, behoort investeringbesluitnemingsprosesse faktore soos geografiese ligging, rentekoerse, inflasie en die bedryf in aanmerking te neem voordat besluite geneem word. / Ukuqhubekela phambili kanye nentuthuko yomkhakha (sector) yezezimali kubalulekile ekwakheni inqubo yezomnotho esebenza kahle neqhubekela phambili ukutshalwa kwezimali zangaphandle kanye nezangaphakathi ezweni. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo bekuwukuqhathanisa ubuhlobo phakathi kokusebenza kwentengo yama-initial public offerings kanye nezinkomba zama-macroeconomic kumnotho weNingizimu Afrika kanye nowase-Nigeria. Ngokwenyuka kwe-IPO listing kuwo womabili ama-stock exchange, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kwenziwe uhlaziyo nohlolo lokusebenza kwe-IPO kanye nomthelela wakho kumnotho kumele kwenziwe. Ngokusebenzisa ama-initial public offerings ka 91 no 19 kwi-Johannesburg Stock Exchange kanye nakwi-Nigerian Stock Exchange ngokuhambisana phakathi kweminyaka ka 2005 kanye no 2015, ukusebenza kwamanani entengo kwakalwa ngokusebenzisa ama-market-adjusted abnormal returns kanye ne-wealth relative model. Imodeli ye-linear ordinary least squares regression model kwasetshenziswa ukukala ubuhlobo phakathi kwama-initial public offering performance kanye nezinkomba ze-macroeconomic. Ngokulandela i-mean market-adjusted returns, ama-initial public offerings okwafakelwa kuhla phakathi kweminyaka ka 2005 kanye no 2015 kwakufakelwe ngentengo ephansi. I-regression model yathola ukuthi ngosuku lokuqala, ngeviki, kanye nenyanga, ukushintsha kwamanani entengo eNigeria, kwakungu 0.19, 0.48 kanye ne 0.77 ngezihlandla eziphezulu kuneNingizimu Afrika. Uhlaziyo lwe-regression analysis lwathola ukuthi i-infleshini kanye namazinga enzalo achaphazeleka ngendlela enhle ngokuhambisana noshintsho lwentengo ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala yokuhwebelana, lapho khona ukukhula kwe-gross domestic project kwakungakhulile kakhulu ngokwezibalo. Ngakho-ke, ukugwema ulahlekelo kwezezimali, izinqubo zokuthatha izinqumo ngotshalo-mali kumele kubonelele izinto ezifana nendawo okuyi-geographical location, amazinga enzalo, i-infleshini kanye nemboni ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo. / Finance, Risk Management and Banking / M. Com. (Business Management)

本研究主要探討生技產業公開說明書之風險因子揭露以及首次公開發行(IPO, initial public offering)前之策略聯盟關係對首次公開發行折價所產生之影響。本研究以美國生技產業首次公開發行公司為研究對象，樣本期間為1997年至2012年。 許多文獻指出當初級市場認購人間資訊不對稱程度越大時，IPO價值之事前不確定性(ex ante uncertainty)越高，因此以事前不確定性的概念來衡量資訊不對稱程度，並透過公開說明書中資訊之揭露作為事前不確定性的代理變數以探討其與IPO折價現象之關聯。本研究即利用公開說明書之風險因子揭露作為事前不確定性的代理變數，並預期揭露的數量多寡與內容描述將影響IPO折價。另外，由於文獻指出策略聯盟所傳達的正面訊號，可能有助於生技公司減少因產業特性所造成的不確定性，因此本研究預期生技公司於IPO前擁有策略聯盟關係將影響IPO折價。 本研究參考過去文獻，建立資訊揭露的四級指標加上風險因子所揭露的項目多寡，系統性地衡量生技公司公開說明書之風險因子，並以多元迴歸分析檢測假說。實證結果顯示：風險因子的內容描述越具量化或越具體，IPO折價越大，並且發現大公司之風險因子揭露數量與IPO折價具正向關係，而生技公司於IPO前擁有策略聯盟關係對IPO折價幅度具有顯著負向關係。研究結果顯示公開說明書之風險因子揭露及策略聯盟與事前不確定性所產生之IPO折價現象之關聯性。 / This study investigates whether disclosure of risk factors in the prospectus and the effect of strategic alliances before IPO date will influence underpricing of the biotech firms. Data is collected for biotech companies of U.S IPOs issued from 1997 to 2012 as the research sample. Much literature indicates that the greater is the information asymmetry between different investors, the higher is the ex ante uncertainty about an initial public offering’s value. Hence, the ex ante uncertainty is measured as the degree of asymmetric information. And there are a number of studies that use different measurement as a proxy for ex-ante uncertainty including disclosures in the prospectus to examine its relation to underpricing. This study uses risk factors in the prospectus as a proxy for ex-ante uncertainty and expects that the quantity of risk factors and the content or description of risk factors will influence underpricing. Furthermore, since previous studies consider that strategy alliances convey a positive signal to investors which would reduce the uncertainty from the industrial characteristics of the biotech industry and would mitigate investors’ concern, this study expects that a biotech IPO with strategic alliances before IPO date will affect underpricing. Referring to past literature, this study builds four-class index for disclosure score and uses the number of risk factors to systematically measure risk factors in the prospectus. The empirical results show that a biotech IPO with more quantitative information or some specific information of risk factors will experience higher underpricing. In addition, in larger firms the greater are risk factors disclosed no matter the quantity or the content and its description, the higher is underpricing. And there is a significantly negative relation between strategic alliances before IPO date and underpricing. In conclusion, disclosure of risk factors in the prospectus and the effect of strategic alliances are related to underpricing as expected.