本研究乃以到目前為止仍為台灣地區房屋仲介業中，唯一之上巿公司為例，探討其為了在競爭激烈的巿場中思考如何拉大與同業的距離，藉由相關理論與文獻，分析其本身之競爭條件後，選擇以申請公開發行成為上巿(櫃)公司為競爭策略。 房屋仲介業並非資金需求密集的行業，因此在一般人的觀念裡，申請公開發行、股票上巿(櫃)的主要目的為對外募集資金，對房屋仲介業而言似乎不那麼需要。但經由SWOT分析後，個案公司歸納出其若能成為上巿(櫃)公司，將有提升公司的品牌形象、增加合作伙伴、供應商及顧客的信任、增進重要員工的向心力及成為高經營效率的企業等優點，是拉大與同業差異化且利於長期發展的藍海策略；最後的結論與建議，則是上巿(櫃)後應可適度地以發行新股募集長期資金，並以其經營能力創造股東更大的價值及在不影響經經營權的範圍內適量地釋股，增加流動性。

新上市股的長期績效優於市場,但相較於五年未發行新股的對照公司則較差,而在市場空頭時期上市的股票績效卻相對較佳.和未發行新股的對照公司相較,股票的年報酬率變化呈現碗狀的趨勢,在上市後的營運績效有下滑的現象,隱含投資人有過度樂觀的情形.新股發行效果存在,即新上市股在上市五年內對預期報酬率都有負的影響.此效果和規模效果,市價淨值效果同時存在而無法取

本篇研究專注於首次公開發行公司上市櫃初始交易日之異常報酬與新聞情緒兩 者間之關係。本研究建立情緒字典以判別新聞之正負情緒,並過濾出與首次公開發 行有關之新聞,利用本研究建立之情緒字典以過濾出正負情緒之詞組。利用正負情 緒詞組數量計算出三種新聞情緒變數,並採實證研究方法檢測三種新聞情緒變數與 首次公開發行公司之初始交易日之異常報酬兩者間之關係。根據本研究之實證結果, 發現初始交易日之前的新聞能影響首次公開發行之異常報酬,而相關新聞之情緒語 調亦和異常報酬有關。此外,本研究亦檢測三種情緒變數和三種傳統變數之交乘項 對異常報酬之影響,發現公司規模大小與首日交易量與情緒變數之交乘項會對初始 交易日之異常報酬有影響。總言論之,本研究對新聞會影響首次公開發行初始交易 日之異常報酬提供了實證證據。 / This study focuses on the relation between IPOs’ abnormal returns on initial trading days and news sentiment. To identify the tone of news, sentiment dictionary was established for this study, and news regarding IPO firms was picked out to count positive and negative words and phrases based on the sentiment dictionary. Using quantities of positive and negative words and phrases, three news variables were adopted and calculated. And linear regression was utilized to investigate the relation between IPOs’ abnormal returns on initial trading days and news sentiment. According to empirical results, I find that news prior to the IPO’s initial trading day can affect IPOs’ abnormal returns. The number of negative words and phrases is negatively related to the abnormal returns; the tone of news is positively related to the abnormal returns. Furthermore, I also investigated whether interaction terms of news variables and three control variables are related to abnormal returns on IPOs’ initial trading days. I find that interaction terms of the natural logarithm of firm size and two news variables and interaction terms of the natural logarithm of first-day trading volume and two news variables are related to abnormal returns. Overall, there is evidence that news can influence IPOs’ abnormal returns on initial trading days.

本研究配合台灣制度，以模型推導方式研究IPO承銷機制選擇(競價拍賣與公開申購)之決定因素，並以台灣資料進行實證分析。本文考慮市場因素與投資人意見差異，以發行者之觀點進行分析。模型之預測為，當投資人意見差異程度較大、承銷規模較大、或是市場情況較佳時，發行者會選擇以競價拍賣銷售新股。 實證結果顯示，發行者於選擇承銷機制時，不僅考慮市場因素，亦會參考公司特性與發行特性，此結果與本模型之預測一致。本研究亦發現，台灣之競價拍賣制度，相較於公開申購方式，並無法更有效控制折價程度；如果發行者所選用的承銷方式，不適合市場情況、公司特性或發行特性，將會使公司的IPO承受較多的折價。 / This thesis develops and tests a theoretical rationale on the choice of IPO selling methods, discriminatory auctions versus fixed-price offerings, in Taiwan. We incorporate market conditions and investors’ divergence of opinions into the model from the issuer’s point of view. Our model predicts that when the extent of investors’ divergence of opinions is high, the amount in IPOs is large, or market conditions are hot, issuers will tend to use auctions. Our examination of issuers’ choice of IPO methods on the Taiwan’s IPOs shows that issuers condition the choice of IPO methods not only on prevailing market conditions, but also on firm/IPO characteristics. The results are consistent with our model. Finally, Taiwanese auction does not lead to less under-pricing than the fixed-price offering, but an issuer choosing a selling method with a higher degree of unfitting for firm/IPO characteristics and to market conditions will suffer more under-pricing.

本研究主要探討生技產業公開說明書之風險因子揭露以及首次公開發行(IPO, initial public offering)前之策略聯盟關係對首次公開發行折價所產生之影響。本研究以美國生技產業首次公開發行公司為研究對象，樣本期間為1997年至2012年。 許多文獻指出當初級市場認購人間資訊不對稱程度越大時，IPO價值之事前不確定性(ex ante uncertainty)越高，因此以事前不確定性的概念來衡量資訊不對稱程度，並透過公開說明書中資訊之揭露作為事前不確定性的代理變數以探討其與IPO折價現象之關聯。本研究即利用公開說明書之風險因子揭露作為事前不確定性的代理變數，並預期揭露的數量多寡與內容描述將影響IPO折價。另外，由於文獻指出策略聯盟所傳達的正面訊號，可能有助於生技公司減少因產業特性所造成的不確定性，因此本研究預期生技公司於IPO前擁有策略聯盟關係將影響IPO折價。 本研究參考過去文獻，建立資訊揭露的四級指標加上風險因子所揭露的項目多寡，系統性地衡量生技公司公開說明書之風險因子，並以多元迴歸分析檢測假說。實證結果顯示：風險因子的內容描述越具量化或越具體，IPO折價越大，並且發現大公司之風險因子揭露數量與IPO折價具正向關係，而生技公司於IPO前擁有策略聯盟關係對IPO折價幅度具有顯著負向關係。研究結果顯示公開說明書之風險因子揭露及策略聯盟與事前不確定性所產生之IPO折價現象之關聯性。 / This study investigates whether disclosure of risk factors in the prospectus and the effect of strategic alliances before IPO date will influence underpricing of the biotech firms. Data is collected for biotech companies of U.S IPOs issued from 1997 to 2012 as the research sample. Much literature indicates that the greater is the information asymmetry between different investors, the higher is the ex ante uncertainty about an initial public offering’s value. Hence, the ex ante uncertainty is measured as the degree of asymmetric information. And there are a number of studies that use different measurement as a proxy for ex-ante uncertainty including disclosures in the prospectus to examine its relation to underpricing. This study uses risk factors in the prospectus as a proxy for ex-ante uncertainty and expects that the quantity of risk factors and the content or description of risk factors will influence underpricing. Furthermore, since previous studies consider that strategy alliances convey a positive signal to investors which would reduce the uncertainty from the industrial characteristics of the biotech industry and would mitigate investors’ concern, this study expects that a biotech IPO with strategic alliances before IPO date will affect underpricing. Referring to past literature, this study builds four-class index for disclosure score and uses the number of risk factors to systematically measure risk factors in the prospectus. The empirical results show that a biotech IPO with more quantitative information or some specific information of risk factors will experience higher underpricing. In addition, in larger firms the greater are risk factors disclosed no matter the quantity or the content and its description, the higher is underpricing. And there is a significantly negative relation between strategic alliances before IPO date and underpricing. In conclusion, disclosure of risk factors in the prospectus and the effect of strategic alliances are related to underpricing as expected.

市場上參與首次公開發行的方式不外乎公開申購抽籤或是詢價圈購，往往投資人能獲得超高初始報酬率，其原因過去國內外相關文獻亦多有著墨，然而除了上述方式以外，台灣興櫃市場，不啻也是參與投資IPO的方式。 本研究採用T檢定與多元迴歸模型分析，持有興櫃股票至首次公開發行後而「橫跨兩個市場」之累積異常報酬率。透過買賣時點的切割分類以及公司特色的分析，探討已知即將上市(櫃) 興櫃公司股票，應該買進何種股票、應該在何時買進、何時賣出持股之投資決策。實證結果發現，本益比效果存在，符合價值型投資；持有興櫃股票且在首次公開發行上市前5日賣出持股之投資期間，累積平均異常報酬最高，且顯著異於零，此投資區間非電子產業股票顯著優於電子產業股票、承銷作業方式為公開申購者異常報酬率顯著優於詢價圈購者。 最後整理分析得出一興櫃投資原則之結論，「興櫃股票要選低本益比、非電子產業、承銷作業方式為公開申購的公司，而且越早買越好，並且在首次公開發行前5日賣出持股。」

本研究主要探討生技產業公開說明書之風險因子揭露對首次公開發行公司5年內的獲利能力做研究，想得知風險因子的揭露是否會影響公司獲利時間的長短。本研究以美國生技產業首次公開發行公司為研究對象，樣本期間為1997年至2012年。 許多文獻指出越來越多公司在尚未獲利前即先行上市，但公司未來的前景及獲利能力卻充滿高度的不確定性，而透過資訊的揭露可使該不確定性下降，因透過揭露，投資者可以了解公司營運狀況及表現，對公司價值能做較正確之判斷， 此時願意提供資金給公司營運，充足的資金使公司未來獲利機會上升。 本研究參考過去文獻，建立資訊揭露的四級指標加上風險因子所揭露的項目多寡，系統性地衡量生技公司公開說明書之風險因子，並以存活分析檢測假說。實證結果顯示：風險因子的內容描述越著重在某些特定資訊，例如：顧客資訊、重要員工資訊、量化資訊的表達、公司未來不確定性、財務需求時，公司未來獲利能力機會大增，而當更進一步的探究時，又發現對顧客資訊和量化資訊的表達越具體，越詳細時，也會使公司未來獲利機會上升。 / This study investigates whether disclosure of risk factors in the prospectus will influence the probability of the biotech firms to attain profitability. Data is collected for biotech companies of U.S IPOs issued from1997 to2012 as the research sample. Many extant empirical evidences indicate that the proportion of firms going public prior to achieving profitability has been increasing over time. There is considerable uncertainty regarding the long-term economic viability of these firms at the time of going public. Disclosures in the prospector may mitigate the effects of ex-ante uncertainty about firm’s value, and disclosures are potentially important means for management to communicate firm performance and governance to outside investors. Therefore, firms can raise more money by disclosing more information in IPO prospectors, because more information reperesent lower uncertainty between investors and firms.This study uses risk factors in the prospectus as concern issue and expects that the quantity of risk factors and the content or description of risk factors will influence the uncertainty and would mitigate investors’ concern. Referring to past literature, this study builds four-class index for disclosure score and uses two classifications of risk factors to systematically measure risk factors in the prospectus. The empirical results show that a biotech IPO with more information or some specific information of risk factors, like disclosures of main customers and key employees, will experience good performance after IPO. In addition, more detail descriptions in quantitative risk factors and customers’ information contributed to better performance in the future. In conclusion, disclosure of risk factors in the prospectus are related to firms’ probability of profitability after IPO as expected.