1 Generally binding regulations of municipalities for securing local issues of public order Abstract This master thesis deals with generally binding regulations of municipalities for securing local issues of public order in pursuance of finding out to what extend and quality the municipalities do use the authorisation for lawmaking in independent competence while regulating the activities that disrupt public order; and also in pursuance of finding out how the individual municipal councils base their decisions on the knowledge of the local environment. In the introductory part the essential terms for better understanding of the area are defined. There are terms as municipality, public order, public place and generally binding regulations, while the understanding of the imprecise legal concept of public order is compared to the interpretation in neighbouring countries. Furthermore, the history of municipal self-government from the year 1848 up to the present day is summarized while presenting its importance and focusing on municipal lawmaking in independent competence. Considering that the approach of the Constitutional Court to the enabling provision of Article 104, paragraph 3 of the Constitution of the Czech Republic has developed, this thesis also analyses this genesis that is nowadays important for the...

O emprego excessivo e abusivo da força em práticas policiais permeou grande parte dos discursos, realizados em plenário da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte de 1946. Objeto dos debates constituintes configurou-se numa lógica protagonizada entre os parlamentares da situação (PSD) e os da oposição (com destaque, para os do PCB), na qual aqueles argumentaram que o emprego de práticas policiais abusivas e arbitrárias justificava a necessidade de se manter a ordem, enquanto estes afirmaram tratar de práticas policiais contra os operários que lutavam por melhores condições de vida. A partir deste contexto os objetivos foram os de pesquisar as práticas das forças policiais em terras mato-grossenses, com especial atenção no período de 1945 a 1947 fim do Estado Novo, convocação da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte e a promulgação das Constituições do Brasil e do Estado de Mato Grosso, e as contribuições dos constituintes às questões da ordem e da segurança. Duas fontes importantes e inéditas, neste tipo de tese, foram intensamente interrogadas; os Boletins Internos das Forças Policiais em Mato Grosso 1945 a 1947 - e os anais da Assembleia Nacional Constituinte de 1946. Os resultados revelaram que as práticas policiais, em terras mato-grossenses, na metade do século XX, foram concentradas na realização dos serviços de construção e manutenção de estradas e pontes, na capital e no interior do Estado de Mato Grosso. Quanto as contribuições dos constituintes, estas foram conservadoras, quando defrontadas com os intensos debates e embates sobre as questões da ordem e da segurança, durante a Assembleia Nacional Constituinte de 1946. Contudo, pela primeira vez na história das constituições brasileiras ficou consignado, na Carta de 1946, as atribuições das forças policiais estaduais as Polícias Militares. Por fim, uma última consideração abordou o emprego dos termos ordem e segurança nos textos legais, durante o período republicano, a qual resultou na inexistência de definição precisa destes, fato que permaneceu com a Carta Magna de 1988. / During the National Constituent Assembly formed on 1946 large portion of the speeches conducted in plenary defended the employment of excessive and abusive force into policing practices. Subject of the constituent debates, this has configured a logic followed up by government party parliamentarians ( PSD ) and opposition ones (highlight given to PCB party), in which those claimed that employment of arbitrary and abusive policing practices was justified by the need of preserving order, while these professed this as policing practices against workers struggling for better living conditions. Objectives established from this portrait aimed at investigating policing practices in Mato Grosso, highlighting the period from 1945 to 1947 - the end of the Estado Novo, Constituent National Assembly summons and the promulgation of Brazilian and Mato Grosso State Constitutions, and at obtaining contributions of the constituent related to order and security issues. To fulfil this thesis the Internal Bulletin of the Police Forces in Mato Grosso - 1945 to 1947 - and the annals of the National Constituent Assembly of 1946, two important and unprecedented sources, were intensely interviewed. As the result it was clear that policing practices that took place in Mato Grosso in the middle of the twentieth century were focused on performing roads and bridges construction and maintenance services in the capital and within the Mato Grosso State. Regarding the contributions of the constituents, these were conservative when facing intense debates and discussions on order and security issues during the National Constituent Assembly of 1946. However, for the first time in Brazilian constitution history the 1946 Charter enshrined the role of the state police forces - the Military Police. Finally, one last consideration on the thesis addressed the usage of the terms order and security in legal texts during the republican period, concerning the resulting lack of their precise definition, a fact that remained unchanged in the Magna Carta of 1988.

The text deals with migration policy. The paper examines the ethical justification for restrictions on migration policy. Follows sections of the historic migration. It focuses on the theme of migration in the biblical context and it try to find basis for restrictions on migration policy in the present. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This case study explores public order policing at the Vancouver Olympics and G20 Summit in Toronto. The source material is drawn from media coverage of these events. These cases are analyzed using prior theoretical works in order policing in order to achieve two research goals: to discover which theory best explains police actions and the extent of and reasons explaining the involvement of other government agencies in securing protest events in Canada. Using pattern matching methodology, it was found that no one particular theory is best at explaining events at the two cases, rather components of various theories provided the most useful insight. The components of these theories that need to be amalgamated through analytic induction are: the use of intelligence functions; police flexibility; as well as paramilitarization tactics. Finally, it was found that there was a noticeable presence and integration of other government agencies involved in securing both events.

This case study explores public order policing at the Vancouver Olympics and G20 Summit in Toronto. The source material is drawn from media coverage of these events. These cases are analyzed using prior theoretical works in order policing in order to achieve two research goals: to discover which theory best explains police actions and the extent of and reasons explaining the involvement of other government agencies in securing protest events in Canada. Using pattern matching methodology, it was found that no one particular theory is best at explaining events at the two cases, rather components of various theories provided the most useful insight. The components of these theories that need to be amalgamated through analytic induction are: the use of intelligence functions; police flexibility; as well as paramilitarization tactics. Finally, it was found that there was a noticeable presence and integration of other government agencies involved in securing both events.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Open University.

This case study explores public order policing at the Vancouver Olympics and G20 Summit in Toronto. The source material is drawn from media coverage of these events. These cases are analyzed using prior theoretical works in order policing in order to achieve two research goals: to discover which theory best explains police actions and the extent of and reasons explaining the involvement of other government agencies in securing protest events in Canada. Using pattern matching methodology, it was found that no one particular theory is best at explaining events at the two cases, rather components of various theories provided the most useful insight. The components of these theories that need to be amalgamated through analytic induction are: the use of intelligence functions; police flexibility; as well as paramilitarization tactics. Finally, it was found that there was a noticeable presence and integration of other government agencies involved in securing both events.

Mandatory rules in the Civil Code Abstract The aim of this diploma thesis entitled "Mandatory rules in the Civil Code" is to analyse the mandatory rules in Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code (hereinafter "CC"), in terms of their theoretical definition, the way of their identification and occurrence. The work is therefore systematically divided into three parts. The first part deals with the conceptual and contentual definition of the mandatory rules and defines the differences between the mandatory and non-mandatory rules. Various types of mandatory rules are also discussed, with particular emphasis being placed on analysing the category of so-called relatively mandatory rules. In this part, the author profoundly deals with a division of rules into mandatory and non-mandatory. Moreover, the author discusses the pivotal principle of private law - the principle of autonomy of will. On one hand, this principle mirrors the non-mandatory rules of the Civil Code. On the other hand, it is pointed out to the necessity of limiting the autonomy of the will through the mandatory rules. The second part of the diploma thesis is devoted to the long-standing problem of identifying a mandatory rule. First of all, the legislative techniques used by the legislator for distinguishing mandatory and non-mandatory rules are...

Biotechnological and genetic patents: legal and ethical approachBiotechnology’s entry to patentable inventions field and ethical questions generated are studied from the analysis between moral and legal order relationship. There are several cases where standards concerning patents came into conflict with public order idea or moral concerns, such as human cloning processes or genetic identity modification of human beings or animals. Among these problems, patenting of human genetic material is pointed out. Different views on the issue are carefully analyzed; this piece of writing a does not pretend to close the debate but to expose the key points involved. / Desde el análisis de la relación entre moral y orden jurídico, se analiza el ingreso de la biotecnología al campo de las invenciones patentables y los cuestionamientos éticos que ha generado. Varios son los casos en los que las normas relativas a las patentes fueron colisionando con la concepción de orden público o la moral, como, por ejemplo, los procedimientos de clonación humana o de modificación de identidad genética de humanos o animales. Entre estos problemas destaca el referente al patentabilidad del material genético humano. Las posiciones sobre el tema son expuesta con detenimiento y el artículo no pretende cerrar el debate, sino exponer sus aspectos más importantes.

This case study explores public order policing at the Vancouver Olympics and G20 Summit in Toronto. The source material is drawn from media coverage of these events. These cases are analyzed using prior theoretical works in order policing in order to achieve two research goals: to discover which theory best explains police actions and the extent of and reasons explaining the involvement of other government agencies in securing protest events in Canada. Using pattern matching methodology, it was found that no one particular theory is best at explaining events at the two cases, rather components of various theories provided the most useful insight. The components of these theories that need to be amalgamated through analytic induction are: the use of intelligence functions; police flexibility; as well as paramilitarization tactics. Finally, it was found that there was a noticeable presence and integration of other government agencies involved in securing both events.