This study evaluated the influence of changes in public transit routes and hubs on the use and behaviour of people in and adjacent to a public square in a medium-sized southern Ontario city. Pre and post transit change data were obtained using behaviour observation and user interviews over a two-week period. Qualitative data was collected through investigator observations, intercept interviews, and field notes. The removal of the transit hub from the square resulted in 50 percent fewer people post change, although the duration of time spent by users in the square increased. There was also a shift in the type of user. The results indicate that transit hub changes can influence the number and types of users in a public square as well as the duration of use. The implications are that public transit design is an important factor in the planning and design of downtown civic space.

<p>The principle of respect for other persons is commonly invoked in contemporary liberalism as justification for the claim that a conscientious citizen in a liberal democracy is morally obligated to refrain from supporting a coercive law for which he lacks suitable public justification. This view has been challenged by Christopher Eberle in <italics>Religious Conviction in Liberal Politics</italics>, who argues that although a citizen has an obligation to pursue a convincing secular rationale for a coercive law, he does not have an obligation to withhold support for a law for which he lacks such a rationale.</p> <p>In this dissertation I attempt to develop a basic analytical framework which can be used to formulate a suitable conception of respect for persons in the public square. Only with such an underlying conception of respect in hand is it possible to adjudicate the competing claims concerning what the principle of respect for persons should be deemed to require of citizens in advocating and supporting coercive laws.</p> <p>The framework I propose views respect for persons as a complex and variegated concept. It separately considers four different forms or notions of respect, and takes the attitude of respect as foundational and prior to the other forms of respect. I conclude that any conception of respect will entail commitment to a broader ethical theory or set of ethical principles. Accordingly, in the final chapter, I suggest that Robert Audi's "value-based Kantian intuitionism," with its emphasis on respect and the dignity of persons as a grounding property, may constitute an auspicious ethical theory to which appeal may plausibly be made in completing a conception of respect.</p> / Dissertation

La presente tesis “Museo de la Inmigración en Lima” habla sobre la inmigración masiva ocurrida en la década de los 40s en la ciudad. Cultura limeña y provinciana encontradas cuando muchos peruanos provenientes de distintas partes tuvieron que migrar a la capital, dejando sus tierras atrás. El museo tiene como principal motivación revalidar el esfuerzo, el aporte cultural, y el papel significativo que tuvieron los inmigrantes andinos en la formación de la ciudad de Lima. La propuesta arquitectónica inserta al proyecto en una zona histórica para la inmigración de la época, rodeado de hitos actualmente importantes en la ciudad. Siendo el primer museo en tratar sobre la inmigración andina en el Perú, se pretende explicar el fenómeno migratorio y a su vez albergar registros históricos, para de esta manera recuperar parte de la historia de la ciudad, para esta generación y las generaciones futuras. Teniendo como finalidad crear una identificación y conocimiento sobre la multiculturalidad que convive en Lima. Además, que el proyecto funcione como espacio público integrador en el cual la población pueda participar de forma activa. / The present thesis "Museo de la Inmigración en Lima" talks about the massive immigration that took place in the decade of the 40s in the city. Lima and provincial culture found when many Peruvians from different parts of the country had to move to the capital, leaving their lands behind. This museum is inspired by the migrant effort, their cultural contribution, and the significant role that they had in forming the new city of Lima. The architectural proposal inserts the project into a historic area for the immigration, surrounded by many important landmarks in the city. Being the first museum to deal with Andean immigration in Peru, it is intended to explain the migratory phenomenon and in turn keep historical records, to recover part of the history of the city, for this generation and future ones. With the purpose of creating an identification and knowledge about multiculturalism that lives in Lima. In addition, that the project works as an integrating public space in which the visitors can participate actively. / Tesis

This thesis represents a speculation for the improvement of the Alianza Market located in the city of Torreon, Coahuila, Mexico. Torreon is part of a tri-city entity with a population of 1.2 million residents. The Alianza market was the first marketplace in the city, founded about 100 years ago. The site is located in an area with a high level of poverty across the entire district. Due to corruption and negligence on the part of the government, the social and economic standing of the market has suffered a tremendous decline in the past 30 years. Through the careful study of the existing site, this thesis proposes the reorganization of the market to improve its spatial qualities. The market represents the social and economic heart of its community which is kept alive solely by its members. By proposing the design of a public open square within the market site I intend to provide a space for the celebration of public life. Reviving the market will help to create economic life as well as improve street level life in the surrounding community.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:57:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gimenes_r_me_jabo.pdf: 1889202 bytes, checksum: 70c17833465fd5274a27b26b4d8f268c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As praças são espaços públicos urbanos livres de edificações que tem a função de promover convivência sadia à população, oferecendo recreação e bem estar num ambiente agradável. Muitas praças foram implantadas há muitos anos; algumas passaram por reformas, no entanto, é importante que se faça uma análise periódica a fim de adequar às necessidades dos usuários. A Praça Sete de Setembro no município de Ribeirão Preto-SP, antes chamada por Aureliano de Gusmão, possui um diferencial das outras praças da cidade, proporciona usos diversos aos seus usuários. Com uma área de 16.619,41 m², com grande diversidade de espécies arbóreas, promove conforto térmico bastante agradável aos seus freqüentadores, além de melhorar a qualidade de vida para aqueles que a utilizam. Desta forma este trabalho teve por objetivo fazer um levantamento histórico-cultural e paisagístico, bem como, fazer uma análise qualiquantitativa dos elementos arquitetônicos e da arborização da Praça Sete de Setembro, uma das mais freqüentadas da região central do município de Ribeirão Preto, SP. Foi feita uma pesquisa de opinião, aplicada na praça em dias da semana e horários diferentes, por meio de 100 questionários com perguntas diretas aos entrevistados. Concluiu-se que a Praça Sete de Setembro é usada para reunir e promover lazer a diferentes grupos de pessoas, preferencialmente do sexo feminino, de 21 a 40 anos, para descanso e passeio com as crianças; oferece aos seus usuários elementos arquitetônicos adequados e em bom estado de conservação e apresenta grande diversidade de espécies arbóreas (86 espécies num total de 281) / The squares are urban public places without buildings that have the function to promote the population healthy living, offering recreation and wellness in a pleasant environment. Many squares have been implemented over many years ago, some have gone through renovations, however, it is important to make a periodic assessment in order to adapt them to the users’ needs. The Sete de Setembro Square from Ribeirão Preto city, which had been called by Aureliano de Gusmão Square, has the edge on the others that is an active social life, being a plenty attractions scenario. The place has an area of 16, 619.41 m², owns a great tree species diversity, promotes thermal comfort to its users, as well as their life quality. Thus the aim of this work was to do a historical, cultural and landscaping survey, and also make a qualitative and quantitative analysis of its architectural features and the arborization rate from Sete de Setembro Square which is one of the most visited squares in Ribeirão Preto’s downtown, SP. It was applied an opinion poll over different day times and different week days, through 100 questionaires, with direct questions. It was concluded that Sete de Setembro Square is visited by different people groups in order to have leisure, especially by women, people from 21 to 40 years old, to rest and let kids walk; offering to the visitors a suitable architectural features and well-conserved and a large diversity of tree species (87 species in a total of 281)

Orientador: Kathia Fernandes Lopes Pivetta / Banca: Regina Maria Monteiro de Castilho / Banca: Claúdia Fabrino Machado Mattiuz / Resumo: As praças são espaços públicos urbanos livres de edificações que tem a função de promover convivência sadia à população, oferecendo recreação e bem estar num ambiente agradável. Muitas praças foram implantadas há muitos anos; algumas passaram por reformas, no entanto, é importante que se faça uma análise periódica a fim de adequar às necessidades dos usuários. A Praça Sete de Setembro no município de Ribeirão Preto-SP, antes chamada por Aureliano de Gusmão, possui um diferencial das outras praças da cidade, proporciona usos diversos aos seus usuários. Com uma área de 16.619,41 m², com grande diversidade de espécies arbóreas, promove conforto térmico bastante agradável aos seus freqüentadores, além de melhorar a qualidade de vida para aqueles que a utilizam. Desta forma este trabalho teve por objetivo fazer um levantamento histórico-cultural e paisagístico, bem como, fazer uma análise qualiquantitativa dos elementos arquitetônicos e da arborização da Praça Sete de Setembro, uma das mais freqüentadas da região central do município de Ribeirão Preto, SP. Foi feita uma pesquisa de opinião, aplicada na praça em dias da semana e horários diferentes, por meio de 100 questionários com perguntas diretas aos entrevistados. Concluiu-se que a Praça Sete de Setembro é usada para reunir e promover lazer a diferentes grupos de pessoas, preferencialmente do sexo feminino, de 21 a 40 anos, para descanso e passeio com as crianças; oferece aos seus usuários elementos arquitetônicos adequados e em bom estado de conservação e apresenta grande diversidade de espécies arbóreas (86 espécies num total de 281) / Abstract: The squares are urban public places without buildings that have the function to promote the population healthy living, offering recreation and wellness in a pleasant environment. Many squares have been implemented over many years ago, some have gone through renovations, however, it is important to make a periodic assessment in order to adapt them to the users' needs. The Sete de Setembro Square from Ribeirão Preto city, which had been called by Aureliano de Gusmão Square, has the edge on the others that is an active social life, being a plenty attractions scenario. The place has an area of 16, 619.41 m², owns a great tree species diversity, promotes thermal comfort to its users, as well as their life quality. Thus the aim of this work was to do a historical, cultural and landscaping survey, and also make a qualitative and quantitative analysis of its architectural features and the arborization rate from Sete de Setembro Square which is one of the most visited squares in Ribeirão Preto's downtown, SP. It was applied an opinion poll over different day times and different week days, through 100 questionaires, with direct questions. It was concluded that Sete de Setembro Square is visited by different people groups in order to have leisure, especially by women, people from 21 to 40 years old, to rest and let kids walk; offering to the visitors a suitable architectural features and well-conserved and a large diversity of tree species (87 species in a total of 281) / Mestre

A public square provides for a social cultural life to take place. The square ought to be located in the part of the city where human activities are the most intense. The edges of the square consist of the buildings that define its space. The architectural style of these buildings shapes the character of the square and embodies the social cultural circumstances of a society. The experience of a public square goes beyond its structured aspects. In fact, each man-made place is located within a natural landscape that changes its appearances during the rhythm of the day and the seasons. It is the combination of the natural phenomena and the architecture that creates the atmosphere of a place. A total integration between these two elements constitutes the "spirit of place" or genius loci. According to Heidegger, human settlement has an enclosure and any enclosure has a boundary. This is also true for the square, the boundary of which is formed by its surrounding buildings. However, this boundary is not continuous, as it is interrupted by pedestrian paths and streets that lead to the square. The quality of a square’s enclosure is related to the characteristic of the openings. The aim of this design thesis is to conceive a public square for today’s social-cultural environment; a public square that is located within a cultural center at Shirlington, Arlington County, Virginia. The buildings of the center form an architectural unity that sets the stage for community events to take place. The articulation and the form of the buildings related to the natural environment make people feel that they were designed for them. This means a place where people can experience a strong feeling of location. / Master of Landscape Architecture

The project originated as a means to find a solution to the lack of legibility that the National Zoological Gardens’ entrance expresses where it is situated on the Northern gateway into the Pretoria CBD. In order to develop an appropriate responsive architecture, the proposed solution aims to find the requirements for a successful public interface for tourist attractions and the local community. Attention will also be given to the transitional spaces between the natural environments of the Zoo and the city. The aim firstly is to steer away from mono-functional urban spaces and tourist attractions hidden behind built barrier, in order to ensure that the architecture will be an asset to tourism and the general public. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Architecture / unrestricted

A presente pesquisa realiza uma análise crítica do uso e da apropriação de espaços públicos da cidade de São Paulo, com foco nas praças públicas, para através destas apreender como se dá o uso e a apropriação das mesmas, além de analisar a atual função do espaço público na metrópole de São Paulo do século XXI. Para alcançarmos este objetivo traçamos duas estratégias de pesquisa, a primeira baseada na discussão teórica dos dois conceitos-chave espaço público e praça pública, somada à retrospectiva histórica das ações dos órgãos públicos para a administração dos espaços públicos. A segunda estratégia de investigação científica foi a realização do estudo de caso de cinco praças distribuídas ao longo de um transepto, através das quais pudemos observar, analisar e compreender o uso e apropriação de praças públicas na cidade. Haja vista que o propósito da pesquisa é a análise das praças públicas da cidade de São Paulo, de grande dimensão territorial e de características socioeconômicas diversas e de realidades distintas no que tange a seus espaços públicos, buscamos praças localizadas em bairros e regiões distintas (bairros do centro expandido à periferia), buscando assim abarcar uma parte mais representativa da complexa realidade dos espaços públicos da metrópole de São Paulo. Ao final da análise crítica, propusemos algumas ações e medidas para a Política Pública Municipal de Gestão do espaço público, além de sugerirmos uma nova postura dos órgãos públicos municipais frente às questões relacionadas aos espaços públicos, buscando, principalmente, a sua valorização. / This research conducts a critical analysis of the use and ownership of public spaces in the city of São Paulo, with a focus on public squares. The main goal is to learn through this how the use and ownership of these squares take place, and to analyze the current role of public space in the metropolis of the twenty-first century. To achieve this goal we established two research strategies, the first theoretical discussion based on two key concepts of public space and public square, plus the historical review of the actions of public agencies for the administration of public spaces. The second strategy for scientific research was the use of five case studies of squares distributed along a transept, through which we can observe, analyze and understand the use and appropriation of public squares in the city. Considering that the purpose of research is the analysis of the public squares of the city of São Paulo, within large regional and socioeconomic characteristics of various and different realities with respect to its public spaces, we sought squares located in different regions and districts (districts expanded from the city center to the periphery), thus seeking to cover a more representative part of the complex reality of the public spaces of the metropolis of São Paulo. At the end of the review, we have proposed certain actions and measures for the Municipal Public Policy Management of public space, and suggesting a new position of municipal public agencies faced with the issues related to public spaces, seeking mainly the recovery of said places.

A presente pesquisa realiza uma análise crítica do uso e da apropriação de espaços públicos da cidade de São Paulo, com foco nas praças públicas, para através destas apreender como se dá o uso e a apropriação das mesmas, além de analisar a atual função do espaço público na metrópole de São Paulo do século XXI. Para alcançarmos este objetivo traçamos duas estratégias de pesquisa, a primeira baseada na discussão teórica dos dois conceitos-chave espaço público e praça pública, somada à retrospectiva histórica das ações dos órgãos públicos para a administração dos espaços públicos. A segunda estratégia de investigação científica foi a realização do estudo de caso de cinco praças distribuídas ao longo de um transepto, através das quais pudemos observar, analisar e compreender o uso e apropriação de praças públicas na cidade. Haja vista que o propósito da pesquisa é a análise das praças públicas da cidade de São Paulo, de grande dimensão territorial e de características socioeconômicas diversas e de realidades distintas no que tange a seus espaços públicos, buscamos praças localizadas em bairros e regiões distintas (bairros do centro expandido à periferia), buscando assim abarcar uma parte mais representativa da complexa realidade dos espaços públicos da metrópole de São Paulo. Ao final da análise crítica, propusemos algumas ações e medidas para a Política Pública Municipal de Gestão do espaço público, além de sugerirmos uma nova postura dos órgãos públicos municipais frente às questões relacionadas aos espaços públicos, buscando, principalmente, a sua valorização. / This research conducts a critical analysis of the use and ownership of public spaces in the city of São Paulo, with a focus on public squares. The main goal is to learn through this how the use and ownership of these squares take place, and to analyze the current role of public space in the metropolis of the twenty-first century. To achieve this goal we established two research strategies, the first theoretical discussion based on two key concepts of public space and public square, plus the historical review of the actions of public agencies for the administration of public spaces. The second strategy for scientific research was the use of five case studies of squares distributed along a transept, through which we can observe, analyze and understand the use and appropriation of public squares in the city. Considering that the purpose of research is the analysis of the public squares of the city of São Paulo, within large regional and socioeconomic characteristics of various and different realities with respect to its public spaces, we sought squares located in different regions and districts (districts expanded from the city center to the periphery), thus seeking to cover a more representative part of the complex reality of the public spaces of the metropolis of São Paulo. At the end of the review, we have proposed certain actions and measures for the Municipal Public Policy Management of public space, and suggesting a new position of municipal public agencies faced with the issues related to public spaces, seeking mainly the recovery of said places.