O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência de união à dentina da obturação de canais radiculares com cimentos à base de resina epóxica e de metacrilato, por meio do dispositivo material testing stage (MTS) acoplado ao microtomógrafo (&mu;CT), bem como avaliar qualitativamente a ruptura da massa obturadora por meio de imagens de &mu;CT. Além disso, foram utilizados o método de elementos finitos 3D e microscopia confocal de varredura a laser (MCVL) para verificar, respectivamente, a distribuição de tensões e presença de gaps na interface de união. Raízes de caninos superiores com 17 mm de comprimento foram submetidas ao preparo biomecânico com instrumentos rotatórios de níquel titânio, sob irrigação constante com NaOCl 1% e irrigação final com EDTA 17%. Os canais foram obturados pela técnica da condensação lateral com cones de guta percha e os cimentos: AH Plus, Epiphany SE ou RealSeal XT. As raízes foram armazenadas (100% de umidade, 37°C) por três vezes o tempo de endurecimento do cimento utilizado. Após este período, as raízes foram seccionadas para obtenção de dois slices (2 mm) de cada terço radicular. Um slices de cada terço foi submetido ao teste de push-out através de dispositivo mecânico MTS acoplado ao &mu;CT SkyScan 1174 (50kV, 80mA). Após o escaneamento inicial do slices, com resolução isotrópica de 13 &mu;m, filtro de 0.5 mm de Al e 360º de rotação, o teste mecânico foi iniciado até que ocorresse o deslocamento do material. Novo escaneamento foi realizado com os mesmos parâmetros iniciais, que determinou regiões de ruptura da massa obturadora em secções axiais. Os tipos de falhas foram avaliados por MCVL e classificadas em: adesivas, coesivas e mistas. Modelos 3D de elementos finitos foram gerados para os terços cervical, médio e apical, a partir de imagens de &mu;CT. No segundo slices de cada terço radicular, foi aferido o percentual de gaps do material obturador às paredes do canal radicular, por meio de MCVL e do programa OLS 4000. Os dados foram analisados por testes estatísticos paramétricos e não paramétricos (p<0,05). O cimento AH Plus [1,89 (1,01/2,39) MPa] apresentou maior resistência de união à dentina (p<0,001) quando comparado aos cimentos Epiphany SE [0,36 (0,29/0,44) MPa] e RealSeal XT [0,43 (0,32/0,54) MPa]. Para os cimentos AH Plus e RealSeal XT, os terços cervical e médio apresentaram maior resistência de união à dentina que o terço apical (p<0,001). As rupturas ocorreram nas margens da massa obturadora para o cimento AH Plus, enquanto os cimentos Epiphany SE e RealSeal XT tiveram este tipo de ruptura, bem como na própria massa obturadora. No cimento AH Plus, a interface de união mostrou maior concentração de tensões, que foram distribuídas principalmente na massa obturadora para os cimentos Epiphany SE e RealSeal XT. Houve predominância de falhas adesivas e mistas em todos os cimentos. Em relação ao percentual de gaps, o cimento AH Plus apresentou as menores médias (11,14% ± 4,03), com diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) dos cimentos Epiphany SE (55,39% ± 13,46) e RealSeal XT (62,50% ± 6,72). O cimento à base de resina epóxica (AH Plus) apresentou a maior resistência de união à dentina e teve comportamento diferente em relação aos outros cimentos, quanto à ruptura da massa obturadora e distribuição de tensão interfacial. Além disso, o cimento AH Plus apresentou o menor percentual de gaps entre o material obturador e as paredes do canal radicular / The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of epoxy resin- and methacrylate-based sealers to root dentin, using the material testing stage (MTS) coupled to a micro-computed tomography (&mu;CT) device and to qualitatively assess the root-filling mass rupture by &mu;CT images. Additional analyses were conducted using the 3D element finite method and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to verify, respectively, the stress distribution and percentage of gaps on dentin filling material interfaces. Maxillary canine roots measuring 17 mm were subjected to biomechanical preparation with nickel-titanium rotary instruments under constant irrigation with 1% NaOCl and final irrigation with 17% EDTA. Canals were filled by the lateral condensation technique with gutta-percha cones and the following sealers: AH Plus, Epiphany SE or RealSeal XT. The roots were stored (100% humidity, 37 °C) for a period three times longer than the setting time required for each sealer and then sectioned transversally to obtain two 2-mm-thick slices from each root third. One slice of each third was subjected to the push-out test using the MTS coupled to the SkyScan 1174 &mu;CT (50 kV, 80 mA) with 13 &mu;m isotropic resolution, 0.5 mm Al filter and 360° rotation. After the initial scanning of the slice, the mechanical test was performed until material dislodgement occurred. A new scanning was performed using the same initial parameters. The axial sections obtained were used for qualitative evaluation of the root-filling mass rupture. Failure modes were assessed by CLSM and classified as adhesive, cohesive or mixed. 3D &mu;CT based finite element models were generated from cervical, middle and apical root thirds to simulate the push-out test. The second slice of each root third was used to assess the percentage of gaps between the filling material and the root canal walls, using CLSM with the aid of the OLS 4000 software. The data were analyzed by parametric and non-parametric tests (p<0.05). AH Plus presented higher bond strength [1.89 (1.01/2.39) MPa] to dentin (p<0.001) than Epiphany SE [0.36 (0.29/0.44) MPa] and RealSeal XT [0.43 (0.32/0.54) MPa]. For AH Plus and RealSeal XT sealers, the cervical and middle thirds showed higher bond strength to dentin than the apical third (p <0.001). The ruptures occurred in the margins of the root filling mass for AH Plus, while Epiphany SE and RealSeal XT had this type of rupture as well as in the root filling mass itself. AH Plus showed stress concentration on bond interface, while in Epiphany SE and RealSeal XT the stress was mainly distributed on the root-filling mass. Adhesive and mixed failures were the predominant fracture modes in all sealers. Regarding the percentage of gaps between the filling material and the root canal walls, AH Plus presented the lowest means (11.14%±4.03), differing significantly (p<0.05) from Epiphany SE (55.39%±13.46) and RealSeal XT (62.50%±6.72) sealers. The epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) presented the highest bond strength to dentin, which had different behavior from other sealers regarding root-filling mass rupture and interfacial stress distribution. Moreover, AH Plus resulted in the lowest percentage of gaps between the material and the root canal walls

Este estudo avaliou a resistência ao deslocamento vertical push-out de pinos de fibra de vidro cimentados à dentina intra-radicular utilizando uma resina fluida padrão como agente cimentante em combinação com um adesivo dentinário experimental e um adesivo disponível comercialmente. 20 pré-molares unirradiculares humanos foram previamente extraídos e tratados endodonticamente. Os espécimes foram divididos em quatro estratégias de união a dentina: Grupo 1 com adesivo experimental com etanol na proporção em volume 1:1 (resina/etanol) e Grupo 2 com adesivo experimental com etanol na proporção em volume 1:2(resina/etanol); adesivos experimentais aplicados de acordo com a técnica úmida de adesão simplificada com etanol, Grupo 3: One-Step Plus aplicado de acordo com a técnica úmida de adesão simplificada com etanol; Grupo 4: One-Step Plus aplicado seguindo as instruções do fabricante. Os espécimes foram seccionados em fatias de 1 mm de espessura e apos o teste push-out foi realizado. Espécimes representativos foram selecionados para exame ultra-estrutural. Não houve diferença estatística na resistência ao deslocamento push-out entre as estratégias testadas de adesão (p> 0,05). O padrão predominante de fratura foi entre os pinos de fibra e o agente cimentante. A partir deste estudo devemos considerar como promissora a técnica com etanol utilizada na cimentação de pinos no canal radicular devido aos possíveis benefícios das resinas altamente hidrófobas. Mais estudos são necessários para validar o uso da técnica úmida de adesão simplificada com etanol quando cimentados pinos de fibra. / This study evaluated the push-out bond strength of glass fiber posts adhesively bonded to intraradicular dentin using a standard unfilled resin as luting agent in combination with an experimental and a commercially available adhesive. Twenty extracted single-rooted human teeth were endodontically treated. Specimens were assigned to 4 dentin bonding strategies: Group 1 (co-monomers to ethanol on ratio 1:1) and Group 2 (co-monomers to ethanol on ratio 1:2): Experimental adhesives applied in accordance with the simplified ethanol-wet bonding technique; Group 3: One-Step Plus (OSP) applied in accordance with the simplified ethanol-wet bonding technique; Group 4: OSP applied following manufacturers instructions. Bonded specimens were sectioned in 1-mm-thick slices and the push-out test was performed. Representative specimens were selected for ultrastructural examination. No statistical differences in push-out bond strength were found among the tested bonding strategies (p>0.05). The major failure pattern was between the post and the luting cement. From this study the ethanol technique should be considered as a promising approach in the luting of fiber posts into the root canal due to the possible benefits of highly hydrophobic resins. Further studies are needed to validate the use of the ethanol-wet bonding technique when luting a fiber post.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第24847号 / 工博第5164号 / 新制||工||1986(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 杉浦, 邦征, 教授 高橋, 良和, 教授 山本, 貴士, 教授 北根, 安雄 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-18T14:35:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mariellaagostinhogoncalves.pdf: 2206097 bytes, checksum: 736acf1d28715f5b3a331257446b5b23 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-01T18:48:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mariellaagostinhogoncalves.pdf: 2206097 bytes, checksum: 736acf1d28715f5b3a331257446b5b23 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-01T18:48:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mariellaagostinhogoncalves.pdf: 2206097 bytes, checksum: 736acf1d28715f5b3a331257446b5b23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste estudo, avaliou-se a resistência da união ao push-out de dois cimentos resinosos auto-adesivos e de um cimento resinoso convencional em dentina radicular. Em 60 dentes terceiros molares humanos, tratados endodonticamente, um pino de fibra de vidro foi cimentado com um dos três cimentos resinosos. Cada raiz foi seccionada em sentido transversal para a obtenção de três fatias (dentina-pino) de 1 mm de espessura. As fatias, correspondentes aos terços cervical, médio e apical do canal radicular, foram armazenadas em água deionizada a 37 ºC, durante 24 horas ou 30 dias. Após o teste de push-out, os valores de resistência da união foram submetidos aos testes estatísticos ANOVA three way e Tuckey (p = 0,05) e os tipos de fratura foram avaliados através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A resistência da união do cimento resinoso auto-adesivo RelyX U100 foi superior à do cimento convencional RelyX ARC, após os dois períodos de armazenamento (p < 0,05). No terço cervical, os valores de resistência da união do cimento resinoso convencional RelyX ARC foram maiores que nos terços médio e apical (p < 0,05) na análise de 24 horas. Após 30 dias de armazenamento, os valores nos três terços radiculares não diferiram entre si. Os valores de resistência da união do cimento resinoso RelyX U100, nas três regiões do canal radicular, não diferiram entre si (p > 0,05), em ambos os momentos de avaliação. Após 24 horas, BisCem apresentou maior resistência da união no terço apical, seguido pelo terço cervical. Após 30 dias, os valores de resistência da união nos três terços radiculares não diferiram entre si (p > 0,05). RelyX U100 não sofreu alteração nos valores de resistência da união após 30 dias de envelhecimento (p > 0,05). BisCem não apresentou diferenças nos valores obtidos após 24 horas e 30 dias de envelhecimento nos terços cervical e médio (p > 0,05). Para RelyX ARC, o tempo de 30 dias reduziu os valores de resistência da união nos três terços radiculares. RelyX U100 e BisCem apresentaram maior número de falhas coesivas da zona de interação. Para RelyX ARC, observou-se maior número de falhas coesivas da camada híbrida. Concluiu-se que o cimento resinoso auto-adesivo RelyX U100 apresentou maior resistência da união que o cimento resinoso convencional RelyX ARC, nos três terços radiculares, nos dois momentos de avaliação. BisCem demonstrou resistência da união comparável a do cimento RelyX U100. O tempo de armazenamento por 30 dias provocou alteração na resistência da união dos cimentos resinosos RelyX ARC e BisCem. / This study evaluated the push-out bond strength of two self-adhesive resin cements and a conventional etch-and-rinse resin cement on root dentin. Sixty human third molars were endodontically treated and a glass fiber post was cemented with one of three resin cements. Each root was cut transversely to obtain three slices (dentin-post) of 1 mm thick. The slices of the cervical, middle and apical root canal were stored in deionized water at 37 °C for 24 hours or 30 days. After storage, the push-out test was performed. The values of bond strength were evaluated by ANOVA three way and Tuckey’ test (p = 0,05) and the types of fracture were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The bond strength of the self-adhesive resin cement RelyX U100 was superior to the RelyX ARC etch-and-rinse cement, after the two storage periods (p > 0.05). The analysis of 24 hours showed that at the cervical third, the values of bond strength of RelyX ARC were higher than that of the middle and apical thirds (p < 0.05). After 30 days of storage, the values at the three root thirds did not differ. The values of RelyX U100, on the three regions of the root canal did not differ, in both evaluations (p > 0.05). After 24 hours, BisCem showed higher bond strength at the apical third, followed by cervical. After 30 days, the values of bond strength at the three root thirds did not differ (p > 0.05). RelyX U100 did not exhibit changes in bond strength values after 30 days of storage (p > 0.05). BisCem showed no differences in the values obtained after 24 hours and 30 days of aging at the cervical and middle thirds (p > 0.05). The storage time of 30 days reduced the values of bond strength at the three root thirds of RelyX ARC. RelyX U100 e BisCem had the highest number of cohesive failures of the zone of interaction. RelyX ARC presented a higher number of cohesive failures of the hybrid layer were observed. It was concluded that the RelyX U100 self-adhesive resin cement showed higher bond strength than the conventional resin cement RelyX ARC, on the three root thirds, in both periods. BisCem showed bond strength comparable to RelyX U100. The storage time for 30 days caused changes on the bond strength of the RelyX ARC and BisCem resin cements.

Ce travail de recherche est axé sur la compréhension du comportement en flexion, statique et instantané, des structures multimatériaux acier-béton collées du génie civil. La première étape consiste à mener une analyse expérimentale et numérique par éléments finis non linéaire sur la caractérisation de la connexion. L’essai Push-Out a été retenu : deux dallettes de béton C25/30 sont connectées à un profilé métallique. Nous faisons varier la géométrie des dallettes et du joint de colle. La ruine est cohésive dans le béton proche de l’interface par cisaillement. Un effet favorable du frottement entre dallette et presse peut se développer et induire le développement de contraintes de compression et augmenter la contrainte de cisaillement moyenne à l’interface. Les dimensions des éprouvettes et du joint de colle influent sur la charge de ruine. Ainsi, l’essai Push-Out est, dans l’état actuel de connaissances, difficile à utiliser pour la caractérisation de la connexion collée acier-béton en vue du dimensionnement de structures. La seconde partie est consacrée à l’analyse du comportement de poutres mixtes acier béton collées. Un essai sur poutre constituée de prédalles et d’une dalle de compression confirme que le collage est une alternative aux connexions traditionnelles. Nous développons aussi un modèle de calcul en variables généralisées et en variables locales en 3D non linéaire. La modélisation par éléments finis apporte plus de précisions, notamment sur l’état de contraintes à proximité de l’interface et à l’approche de la ruine. Les dimensions du joint de colle et la plastification du profilé influent sur la zone de rupture dans le béton. / This PhD thesis investigates the connection of steel-flexural members by bonding and focuseson static and instantaneous behavior. First, experimental and numerical analyses are performed. A push out test is used : two concrete blocks are connected to steel members. The influence of the concrete blocks and bonding joint geometry is examined. Cohesive shear failure appears in concrete near the interface. Failure can occur when the average shear strain is twice the tension limit of concrete, which can be explained by favorable slipping between the concrete block and the support. In this case, the bonding joint is not only solicited in shear but also in compression. Results depend on the length of bonding joint and concrete blocks geometry. So, push out test cannot be now used to characterize the bonding connection between steel and concrete in order to design structures. The second is about the analysis of the behavior of steel concrete composite beams. A precast beam with compressive concrete was tested. Results show that a bonding connection can be an alternativesolution regardless of the slab manufacturing. We develop two numerical models. The first one is based on multi-layer beam modeling and the second one is a nonlinear 3D finite element model. The stress distribution close to the interface and near failure is more accurate with the finite element model than with the generalized model. Bonding joint geometry and plastification of steel girder have an influence on the failure region in the concrete.

Ce travail porte sur la compréhension du comportement en flexion, statique instantané, en fatigue et en fluage des structures multi matériaux du génie civil, constituées d'acier et de béton et assemblées par un adhésif de type époxy. L'analyse et la résolution du problème posé se feront à deux échelles : au niveau de l'interface et à l'échelle d'un élément de structure. De plus, l'attention sera tout particulièrement portée sur le comportement au cours du temps (fluage, relaxation, retrait…), la fatigue et la durabilité sous différents environnements. La première étape consiste à mener une analyse expérimentale sur la caractérisation de la connexion acier-béton, à l'échelle de l'interface, en vue de repérer les principaux facteurs influençant leur comportement mécanique. Pour cela, L'essai push out, analogue à celui utilisé pour caractériser les connecteurs des ponts mixtes, a été plus particulièrement utilisé. Des essais de vieillissement accéléré par immersion dans un bain d'eau chaude ont été réalisés. Ils n'ont pas diminué la contrainte de cisaillement moyenne à rupture de façon significative mais ont en revanche modifié le mode de ruine qui devient mixte (adhésif et cohésif dans la colle). Cette modification est à la fois due au primaire et à l'adhésif lui-même dont les performances intrinsèques diminuent avec le vieillissement. A l'échelle d'un élément de structure, nous avons enrichi les données expérimentales existantes sur le comportement instantané des poutres mixtes acier-béton collées avec la réalisation de 7 essais de flexion avec deux modes de sollicitation (flexion 3 et 4 points). Ces essais nous donnent une base solide pour nos essais en fatigue et sous fluage. On constate que le mode de ruine est mieux prédit en se basant sur une comparaison entre la contrainte de cisaillement dans les poutres avec les contraintes de cisaillement limite déduites des essais push-out. Cette conclusion montre la pertinence des essais push-out dans l'objectif de les prendre comme critère de dimensionnement. Aussi, et contrairement aux travaux antérieurs, nous pouvons conclure que la contrainte moyenne de cisaillement à l'interface entre le béton et l'acier est supérieure à la résistance en traction du béton utilisé. Pour le comportement à long terme, trois poutres ont été testées sous charge cyclique pour plus de 2 million de cycles et à plusieurs niveaux de charge. Une autre poutre a subi une charge constante pendant 7 mois pour étudier l'influence de fluage sur ce type de structure. Après les essais de fatigue et fluage, le comportement des poutres est analogue à celui des poutres de référence. Nous avons toujours une ruine par rotule plastique et non par cisaillement du joint de colle ce qui confirme sa bonne résistance vis-à-vis ces deux phénomènes / This PhD thesis focuses on understanding the static, fatigue and creep behavior of composite-flexural members made of steel and concrete and assembled by adhesive epoxy. The analysis and resolution of the problem will be carried out at two levels: the interface and the structural element. In addition, attention will be particularly focused on the time-dependent behavior (creep, relaxation, shrinkage ...), fatigue and durability in various environments. The first step is to conduct an experimental analysis on the characterization of the steel-concrete connection in order to identify the main factors influencing their mechanical behavior. To do this, a Push-out test, similar to that used to characterize a steel-concrete element with studs, was especially used. An accelerated aging test, by immersion in a hot water bath, has been made. They have not decreased significantly τu but changed the failure mode which becomes mixed (adhesive and cohesive in the adhesive). This change is due to a decrease of the intrinsic performance of the primary and the adhesive with aging. From a structural point of view, we have improved the existing experimental data on the instantaneous behavior of steel-concrete bonded beams by performing seven beam tests with two modes of loading (3 and 4 point bending test). These tests give us a solid foundation for our fatigue and creep tests. It is found that the failure mode is better predicted based on a comparison between the shear stress in beams with shear limit provided by push-out tests. This finding indicates the relevance of the push-out tests as a design criterion. Also, unlike previous work, we can conclude that the average shear stress at the interface between the concrete and steel is greater than the tensile strength of the concrete used.For the long-term behavior, three beams were tested under cyclic loading for over 2 million cycles with several load levels. Another beam has been test with a constant load for 7 months to investigate the influence of creep on this type of structure. After fatigue and creep tests, the behavior of the beam is similar to that of reference beams. We have always a failure with plastic hinge and not a shear failure which confirms the good resistance of the adhesive joint in case of creep or fatigue

Ce travail porte sur l'étude des comportements en flexion à court et long termes des poutres hybrides collées constituées d'un profilé pultrudé GFRP et d'une dalle en béton, assemblés par un joint de colle époxy. L'utilisation du collage dans des structures réelles se heurte encore à la réticence des concepteurs en raison du manque de garanties sur la durabilité à long terme et de l'absence d'outils de modélisation donnant la durée de vie en service des assemblages collés. La présente étude constitue donc un jalon dans cette démarche de compréhension du comportement à long terme de ces structures collées. Elle s'appuie sur analyse multi-échelles qui permet d'aborder le problème à l'échelle locale de l'interface (essai pushout) et à l'échelle globale de l'élément de structure (essai de flexion sur des poutres). Des essais de vieillissement accéléré ont tout d'abord été conduits pour étudier les effets de l'humidité et de la température sur l'adhésif seul et sur l'assemblage structural et il en ressort que l'eau, et notamment une immersion prolongée, s'avère particulièrement néfaste à la résistance au cisaillement des éprouvettes et modifie leur mode de ruine. La réponse instantanée de l'assemblage pultrudé-béton a ensuite été plus amplement étudiée. Grâce à une étude paramétrique expérimentale, une géométrie et une méthode de fabrication des éprouvettes ont été définies pour assurer la reproductibilité des résultats et limiter leur dispersion. De plus, un modèle numérique 3D a été développé dans le code d'éléments finis Cast3m et montre une distribution de contraintes, notamment de cisaillement, non uniforme le long de la surface de collage avec une concentration aux extrémités du joint. Une analyse paramétrique numérique a permis d'identifier les dimensions des dallettes et du joint de colle comme des paramètres influents sur la résistance des éprouvettes. Enfin, le comportement en fluage d'une poutre hybride est étudié. Sous l'effet d'un vieillissement naturel, seul, le joint d'adhésif ne s'avère pas impacté. Des essais de fluage en flexion 3-points ont été effectués pour étudier les réponses à long terme du profilé seul et de la poutre hybride. Ils montrent une augmentation considérable du déplacement des poutres en raison du fluage et du retrait du béton et du fluage du profilé. Des modèles 3D en variables locales, dans le cadre de la viscoélasticité linéaire, sont développés dans Cast3m et permettent de fidèlement restituer l'évolution des déplacements et des états de déformation au cours du temps pour les différentes poutres testée / This dissertation focuses on the short- and long-term responses of bonded hybrid beams consisting of a GFRP-pultruded profile bonded by an epoxy adhesive joint to a reinforced concrete-slab. The problems related to the durability and the long-term response of these structures still represent an open issue. The present study is meant to increase the knowledge and understanding of these hybrid structures in this context. Firstly, different accelerated ageing tests were carried out to evaluate the effects of some environmental agents such as water, moisture and freeze thaw cycles in the behaviour of GFRP/concrete bonded assemblies. Mechanical characterizations were carried out on control and exposed of both materials and push-out specimens to quantify the degradation and damage of the mechanical resistance of each material and of the adhesive bond properties. The water effect on the adhesion of the joints was found to be significant, especially at longer immersion times. The second part was directed at characterizing the push-out test. An experimental parametric study was performed to elaborate a methodology of fabrication of the push-out specimens that can reduce the dispersion of results and give an accurate prediction of the shear strength on a limited set of specimens. Also, a 3D finite-element model was developed using the finite-element code Cast3m. This model showed that the stress components, especially peel and shear stresses, are not constants across the bonding area and peaking near the free edges (stress concentrations). A numerical parametric study allowed to conclude that the most effective geometrical parameters influencing bond between GFRP and concrete were the bonded length and the dimensions of the concrete substrate. Last part deals with experimental and numerical investigations carried out to study the short- and long-term flexural behaviour of full-scale hybrid beams. All experiments showed considerable increase in beam deflection over time due to concrete creep and shrinkage and GFRP creep. Finally, 3D-finite-element models, realized with Cast3m, are developed based on the incremental formulation of the linear-viscoelasticity theory. The proposed models allow evaluation of the long-term deflection of the pultruded and hybrid beams. Using the proposed model, evolution with time of stresses, strains and displacements in different location of the hybrid beam are obtained

Submitted by Luanna Matias (lua_matias@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-03-27T17:05:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcel Willian Reis Sales - 2014.pdf: 4208639 bytes, checksum: b181bf240488740db8489468fb605743 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luanna Matias (lua_matias@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-03-27T18:54:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcel Willian Reis Sales - 2014.pdf: 4208639 bytes, checksum: b181bf240488740db8489468fb605743 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-27T18:54:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcel Willian Reis Sales - 2014.pdf: 4208639 bytes, checksum: b181bf240488740db8489468fb605743 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Composite beams of steel and concrete are studied for some time. The mechanism of transfer of longitudinal shear stresses on the interface between the beam and the slab usually occurs by means of shear connectors. In this case, the set of two materials behavior depends on the strength and rigidity of the connector on the interface, being well known for connectors with pin-type head associated with massive concrete slab. However, there is little information on shear connectors with pin-type head associated with hollowcore slab concrete. This study aims to determine, by means of direct shear tests, the resistance of connectors with pin-type head when associated with cellular slab and precast concrete presence of cover concrete. Hollow core slabs are analyzed with two different heights and concrete cover of 40 mm in thickness. Is also varied the strength of concrete fill and rate of shear reinforcement at the link. The results are compared with normative prescriptions and suggestions for other jobs. At the end, we propose the modification of an expression commonly used to evaluate the resistance of stud bolt and alveolar slab so as to adapt it to the situation of cellular concrete slab with hood. / As vigas mistas de aço e concreto são estudadas há bastante tempo. O mecanismo de transferência de tensões de cisalhamento longitudinais pela interface entre a viga e a laje normalmente se dá por meio de conectores de cisalhamento. Nesse caso, o comportamento conjunto dos dois materiais depende da resistência e da rigidez do conector na interface, sendo bem conhecido para os conectores do tipo pino com cabeça associados com laje maciça de concreto. Entretanto, há pouca informação sobre conectores de cisalhamento do tipo pino com cabeça associados com laje alveolar de concreto pré-moldado. Este trabalho tem por objetivo determinar, por meio de ensaios de cisalhamento direto, a resistência de conectores do tipo pino com cabeça quando associados com laje alveolar de concreto pré-moldado e presença de capa de concreto. São analisadas lajes alveolares com duas alturas diferentes e capa de concreto de 40 mm de espessura. Também é variada a resistência do concreto de preenchimento e a taxa de armadura transversal à ligação. Os resultados são comparados com prescrições normativas e sugestões de outros trabalhos. Ao final, é proposta a modificação de uma expressão normalmente utilizada para avaliar a resistência do conector tipo pino com cabeça e laje alveolar de modo a adequá-la à situação de laje alveolar com capa de concreto.

The presented dissertation thesis is focused on analysis of alternative test method for determination of mechanical parameters of cement based composites. A disk shaped specimen with diameter 150 mm, thickness 60 mm was analysed and its modification for use on compact tension test (CT). Such a test is hereinafter referred to as modified compact tension (shortly MCT or MDCT)). This test configuration was chosen for testing the static and fatigue properties of cement based composites precisely because of its traditional use for fatigue testing of metallic materials. Specimens with a different cross-sections can also be used for MCT, but the work is exclusively focused on circular specimen, for example because it could be easily cut from drill core taken directly from the existing structure, on which the properties are more relevant to the age of the used concrete of the controlled structure. The modified compact tension test was firstly calibrated by numerical simulations involved the tuning of the shape of the numerical model and used material models of concrete and steel. Then the laboratory testing of modified compact tension on several levels were performed. The adequacy of the numerical model was verified against the pilot laboratory testing of the MCT test. Furthermore, the comparison of the modified compact tension test and its suitability for determining of fracture mechanical parameters of cement based composites with the three point bending test, which is the standardized test configuration for these purposes was performed. Another laboratory testing was focused of determining of fracture mechanical parameters of concrete mixture classified in strength class C30/37 and the pilot study of fatigue parameters of the same strength class of the concrete mix. The work was also presented numerical simulations of the push-out test, focused on the connection of concrete and steel with epoxy adhesive.

The dissertation thesis deals with the preparation and characterisation of a-CSi:H and a CSiO:H thin films prepared using the process of plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). Tetravinylsilane (TVS) and its mixtures with argon and oxygen were used to deposit films on both planar substrates and fibre bundles. Main characterisation techniques were employed to study the topography of films, namely atomic force microscopy (AFM). Their mechanical properties were studied through nanoindentation; the nanoscratch test was used to assess the film adhesion to the substrate. Other analysed properties were internal stress and friction coefficient. The particular attention was paid to the work of adhesion and its determination. This knowledge was further applied to the preparation of surface treatments of glass fibres and, subsequently, polymer composites. Those were tested using the push-out test and the short beam shear test. Based on the results, the effects of deposition conditions and the relationships between the studied properties and quantities were determined.